Mu gihe amahanga akunze kuvuga kuri Ukraine, Gaza cyangwa Sudani, hari ikindi gihugu kiri mu bibazo bikomeye ariko kidahabwa umwanya uhagije mu bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga: Haiti.
Iki gihugu cyo mu birwa bya Caraïbes, cyanditse amateka yo kuba igihugu cya mbere cy’abirabura cyabonye ubwigenge binyuze mu rugamba rw’intambara mu 1804, ubu kiri mu kangaratete katigeze kabaho.
Uyu munsi, abaturage benshi bo muri Haiti ntibatinya intambara hagati y’ibihugu, ahubwo batinya amabandi yitwaje intwaro yigaruriye imihanda, ibice by’imijyi ndetse n’inzego zimwe z’ubukungu.
Mu by’ukuri, Haiti iragenda ihinduka “leta idafite leta”, aho ububasha bwimukiye mu maboko y’amatsinda yitwaje intwaro.
Port-au-Prince: Umurwa mukuru uyoborwa n’amabandi
Mu murwa mukuru wa Haiti, Port-au-Prince, amabandi amaze imyaka yigarurira uduce twinshi.
Ayo matsinda agenzura imihanda minini, ibyambu, amasoko ndetse n’uturere dutuwe n’abaturage benshi.
Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, abaturage ntibajya kwa muganga cyangwa ku kazi badatanze amafaranga ku mabandi. Ni yo ashyiraho amategeko, agaca imanza ndetse akanagena uwemerewe kunyura mu muhanda n’utabyemerewe.
Ibi byatumye leta ya Haiti isa n’iyahungiye mu duce duke isigaje kugenzura, mu gihe abaturage benshi baba munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’amabandi kurusha ubw’inzego za leta.
Byatangiriye he?
Ibibazo bya Haiti bifite imizi miremire.
Nyuma y’ubwigenge, igihugu cyakomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’ubukene, politiki ijegajega, ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ndetse n’ingaruka z’ibihano mpuzamahanga byakomeje kukibuza gutera imbere.
Mu myaka ya vuba, ibintu byarushijeho kuzamba kubera ruswa ikabije mu buyobozi, intege nke za polisi n’igisirikare, ubushomeri bw’urubyiruko, intwaro zinjizwa mu gihugu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndetse n’ubutabera budakora neza.
Ibyo byahaye icyuho amatsinda yitwaje intwaro kugira ngo yiyubake.
Iyicwa rya Perezida ryahinduye byinshi
Mu 2021, Perezida Jovenel Moïse yishwe n’abagizi ba nabi binjiye iwe mu rugo.
Urwo rupfu rwahise rusiga igihugu mu gihirahiro gikomeye cya politiki.
Nta buyobozi bukomeye bwari bukihari, inzego z’umutekano zirushaho gucika intege, amabandi na yo abona amahirwe yo kwagura ububasha.
Icyo ni cyo gihe Haiti yatangiye gusatira urwego rwo kuba igihugu kitakibasha kwigenzura.
Barbecue n’abandi bayobozi b’amabandi bahindutse abanyapolitiki
Mu bantu bazwi cyane muri Haiti harimo Jimmy Chérizier, uzwi nka “Barbecue”.
Uyu wahoze ari umupolisi yaje kuba umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye b’ihuriro ry’amatsinda menshi yitwaje intwaro.
Igitangaje ni uko bamwe muri abo bayobozi batakiri gusa abagizi ba nabi.
Bamaze kugira ijambo muri politiki, bakagira ibyo basaba leta ndetse bakagira uruhare mu biganiro birebana n’ejo hazaza h’igihugu.
Ibi ni ikimenyetso cy’uko ayo matsinda atakiri ikibazo cy’umutekano gusa, ahubwo yabaye ikibazo cya politiki n’imiyoborere.
Kuki polisi ya Haiti yananiwe?
Polisi ya Haiti ifite ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibikoresho bike, umushahara muto ndetse n’umubare muto w’abakozi.
Mu gihe amabandi afite imbunda zigezweho n’amafaranga ava mu gushimuta abantu no mu bucuruzi butemewe, polisi ikunze kuba ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kuyahangana.
Hari n’ibirego byagiye bivuga ko bamwe mu banyapolitiki n’abacuruzi bakomeye bakorana n’ayo matsinda kugira ngo barinde inyungu zabo.
Kenya n’amahanga bagerageje guhindura ibintu
Mu rwego rwo gufasha Haiti, igihugu cya Kenya cyohereje abapolisi mu butumwa mpuzamahanga bugamije gufasha kugarura umutekano.
Icyakora, hari impungenge nyinshi.
Ikibazo cya Haiti biragoye ko cyakemurwa n’imbunda gusa. Cyaturutse ku bukene, ruswa, intege nke za leta n’ikizere gike abaturage bafitiye ubuyobozi.
Bityo, n’iyo amabandi yakwirukanwa mu mihanda, niba impamvu yayabyaye zitakemuwe, hashobora kuvuka andi matsinda mashya.
Ese Haiti iri hafi kuba leta yananiwe?
Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, ijambo ‘Failed State’ cyangwa “leta yananiwe” rikoreshwa iyo ubutegetsi butagifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura igihugu no kurinda abaturage.
Nubwo Haiti ikiri igihugu gifite guverinoma n’inzego zemewe n’amategeko, ibintu byinshi byerekana ko iri hafi cyane kugera kuri urwo rwego.
Leta ntigenzura igice kinini cy’umurwa mukuru, abaturage benshi bahunga ingo zabo, ubukungu buragenda busenyuka, naho inzego z’umutekano zigakomeza kugira intege nke.
Amasomo Afurika yakwigira kuri Haiti
Inkuru ya Haiti ni isomo rikomeye ku bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere.
Yerekana ko iyo ruswa ikabije, urubyiruko rukabura amahirwe, inzego z’umutekano zigacika intege, ndetse abanyapolitiki bagashyira imbere inyungu zabo, bishobora gutuma igihugu gihinduka indiri y’amatsinda yitwaje intwaro.
Muri make, Haiti ni igihugu cyigeze gutangaza isi kubera urugamba rwo kwibohora. Ariko nyuma y’ibinyejana birenga bibiri, kiri mu rugamba rushya rwo kwibohora amabandi yigaruriye ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’abaturage.
Ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya niba amabandi afite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha leta. Ahubwo ni ukumenya niba leta ya Haiti igifite ubushobozi n’igihe bihagije byo kongera kwiyubaka mbere y’uko igihugu gisandara burundu.
