Mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bikomeje guhatanira kuzageza abantu ku mubumbe wa Mars, ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki: Ese koko hari umwuka wa oxygen kuri uwo mubumbe?
Niba uhari, kuki umuntu atawuhumeka? Igisubizo kiri hagati y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga gishobora guhindura ejo hazaza h’ingendo zo mu isanzure.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za miliyari ishize, umubumbe wa Mars ushobora kuba warigeze gusa n’Isi kurusha uko umeze ubu.
Hari ibimenyetso by’inzuzi, ibiyaga n’aho amazi yigeze gutambagira. Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, uwo mubumbe watakaje igice kinini cy’ikirere cyawo, usigara ufite ikirere cyoroshye cyane kidashobora gushyigikira ubuzima nk’ubwo tuzi ku Isi.
Uyu munsi, Mars uzwi nk’“Umubumbe Utukura”, ni ahantu h’ubutayu bunini, ubukonje bukabije n’imiyaga ikomeye itwara ivumbi ku muvuduko munini.
Hari oxygen koko, ariko si iyo guhumekwa
Ikintu gitangaza benshi ni uko Mars atari umubumbe udafite oxygen. Ahubwo ikibazo ni uko iyo oxygen ari nke cyane.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko hafi 95% by’ikirere cya Mars ari dioxyde de carbone (CO₂), mu gihe oxygen ihari iri munsi ya 0,2%.
Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, ku Isi umuntu ahumeka umwuka urimo oxygen igera kuri 21%. Iyo oxygen ni yo ituma ubwonko, umutima n’izindi ngingo z’umubiri bikomeza gukora neza.
Kuri Mars, iyo oxygen ni nke cyane ku buryo umuntu wahagera adafite umwambaro wabugenewe yahita atakaza ubwenge mu gihe gito cyane.
Ibanga riri mu butaka bwa Mars
Nubwo ikirere kidafasha guhumeka, Mars ifite ubutunzi butangaje.
Oxygen nyinshi ifungiye mu mabuye, mu butaka ndetse no mu rubura rw’amazi ruri ku nkingi z’uwo mubumbe no munsi y’ubutaka.
Ibi bivuze ko ikibazo atari ukubura oxygen, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo kuyikura muri ibyo bintu.
Ni yo mpamvu ubushakashatsi bwinshi bw’ubu butibanda gusa ku gushaka amazi, ahubwo bunashaka uburyo bwo gukora oxygen kuri Mars aho kuyitwara ivuye ku Isi.
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Iki gikoresho cyafashe dioxyde de carbone yo mu kirere cya Mars, kiyisesengura hifashishijwe amashanyarazi, hanyuma kivamo oxygen.
Nubwo cyakoze oxygen nke, ubwo bushakashatsi bwahinduye uburyo abahanga babonaga ejo hazaza h’ingendo zo kuri Mars. Bwanagaragaje ko umwuka wo guhumeka ushobora gukorerwa kuri uwo mubumbe.
Mu yandi magambo, aho gutwara toni nyinshi za oxygen zivuye ku Isi, abazajya kuri Mars bashobora kuzayihakorera.
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Ariko kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, hagomba kubanza kuboneka ibisubizo ku bibazo bikomeye birimo gukora oxygen ihagije, kubona amazi ahagije, kurinda abantu imirasire ikomeye iva mu isanzure no kubaka aho abantu bashobora kuba igihe kirekire.
Ibi byose bisobanura ko oxygen ari imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zizagena niba gutura kuri Mars bizashoboka cyangwa bitazashoboka.
Ese Mars ishobora kongera kugira ikirere nk’icy’Isi?
Hari abahanga batekereza ku mushinga uzwi nka terraforming, igitekerezo cyo guhindura Mars buhoro buhoro ikamera nk’Isi.
Icyakora, benshi mu bahanga bavuga ko ibyo byasaba ikoranabuhanga rikiri kure cyane, amafaranga menshi n’igihe gishobora kubarwa mu binyejana cyangwa ibihumbi by’imyaka.
Mu by’ukuri, Mars ifite oxygen, ariko ni nke cyane ku buryo umuntu atayihumekeraho. Icyakora, intambwe imaze guterwa n’ubushakashatsi yerekana ko ejo hazaza hashobora kuzagera aho abantu bazajya bakora umwuka wo guhumeka bari kuri uwo mubumbe.
Icyo gihe, ikibazo ntikizaba kikiri “Ese hari oxygen kuri Mars?” Ahubwo kizaba “Ni ryari abantu ba mbere bazatura kuri Mars burundu?”
