Gen. Lloyd James Austin III, wavutse tariki ya 08 Kanama 1953, ni Umusirikare w’inyenyeri enye wavuye ku rugerero w’Umwirabura w’Umunyamerika uherutse kwemezwa nk’Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ingabo wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva ku itariki 22 Mutarama 2021, wabanje kuba umuyobozi wa 12 w’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo (United States Central Command (CENTCOM), ndetse akaba yarabaye umwirabura wa mbere wayoboye CENTCOM ndetse aba n’Umuyobozi wa Pentagon wa mbere w’Umwirabura.
Mbere yo kuyobora CENTCOM, Austin yabanje kuba umugaba mukuru wungirije wa 33 w’igisirikare cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva muri Mutarama 2012 kugeza muri Werurwe 2013, ndetse aba n’umuyobozi wa nyuma w’ingabo za Amerika muri Operation New Dawn muri Irak, igikorwa cyarangiye mu Ukuboza 2011.
Yasezeye mu gisirikare ajya mu zabukuru mu 2016 ajya mu nama z’ubutegetsi z’ibigo nk’igikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birimo iby’ubwirinzi kitwa Raytheon Technologies, NUCOR gikora ibyuma na Tenet Healthcare.
Ubuzima bwe n’amashuri yize
Austin yavukiye ahitwa Mobile muri Alabama mu 1953, akurira ahitwa Thomasville muri georgia. Yarangije mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare rizwi nka United States Military Academy riherereye muri West Point, ahavana impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye na science mu 1975, aho yari umuyobozi wa G-1, kompanyi ya G, regiment ya 1. Nyuma yavanye impamyabumenyi ya masters mu bijyanye n’ubugeni mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Uburezi rya Kaminuza ya Auburn mu 1986, ndetse na abona na masters muri Business Administration ayikuye muri kaminuza ya Webster mu 1989.
Austin n’umugore we, Charlene Denise Banner Austin, bamaze imyaka irenga 40 babana. Charlene yakoze nk’umuyobozi udaharanira inyungu kandi akora mu buyobozi bw’ikigo cya gisirikare gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku muryango wa gisirikare muri Kaminuza ya Purdue. Austin afite abahungu babiri yareze ariko b’uyu mugore we batamukomokaho.
Austin kandi yakurikiranye amasomo ya gisirikare nka “Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced courses”, akurikirana ibijyanye no kuyobora ingabo muri Army Command and General Staff College no mu ishuri ry’intambara rizwi nka Army War College.
Arangije muri West Point yasohakanye ipeti rya Second Lieutenant, inshingano za mbere yahawe ziba izo kuyobora division ya 3 ya infantry ikoresha ibimodoka by’intambara mu Budage. Nyuma yoherejwe ku masomo ya Infantry Officer Advanced Course yoherezwa muri division ya 82 y’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere ahitwa Fort Bragg, muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, aho yayoboye batayo ya 2 ya Airborne, 508th Infantry, ndetse aba umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ibikorwa muri brigade ya 1 ya Division ya 82 ya Airborne.
Mu 1981, Austin yoherejwe muri Indianapolis muri Leta ya Indiana, aho yari umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa mu buyobozi bushinzwe kwinjiza ingabo mu gisirikare mu karere ka Indianapolis, nyuma aba komanda wa kompanyi muri iyi batayo yari ishinzwe kwiniza ingabo mu gisirikare (Army Recruiting Battalion).
Nyuma yo gutoranywa kwe no kurangiza mu ishuri rikuru ryo kuyobora ingabo n’abakozi bakuru b’igisirikare, mu ishuri rya Fort Leavenworth, muri Kansas, na Perezida Kagame yanyuzemo muri za 90, Austin yoherejwe mu division ya 10 y’ingabo zirwanira mu misozi (Light Infantry), ahitwa Fort Drum, muri New York, aho yakoraga nk’umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ibikorwa, nyuma aba umuyobozi mukuru wa Batayo ya 2.
Nyuma yaje kuba Umuyobozi mukuru wa Brigade ya 1, Division ya 10 irwanira mu misozi (Light Infantry) nyuma aba umuyobozi w’igenamigambi, amahugurwa, ubukangurambaga n’umutekano kuri Fort Drum, New York.
Mu 1993 Austin yasubiye muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru muri Division ya 82 y’ingabo zrwanira mu kirere, ayobora batayo ya 2, nyuma aba G-3 w’iyi Division ya 82 ya Airborne, arangije muri Army war College agirwa umuyobozi wa Brigade ya 3 ya Division ya 82 ya Airborne nk’uko bigaragarav kuri wikipedia.
Nyuma gato yo kuyobora iyi brigade, yoherejwe muri Pentegon ku cyicaro cyayo muri Arlington, Virginia, aba J-3 cyangwa umuyobozi wa division ishinzwe ibikorwa bihuriweho. Inshingano zikurikira yahawe ni ukuba uwungirije komanda wa division ushinzwe ibikorwa bita (ADC-M), aho kuri uyu mwanya yagize uruhare mu kuyobora division yateye Irak muri Werurwe 2003, ndetse ahabwa inyenyeri y’umuringa kubw’ibikorwa bye nka komanda muri icyo gihe cyo gutera Irak.
Kuva muri Nzeri 2003 kugeza muri Kanama 2005, Austin yabaye umugaba mukuru wa Division ya 10 irwanira mu misozi, aho yagize uruhare rukomeye mu Ntambara yo muri Afghanistan. Umwanya yakurikijeho ni ukuba umugaba mukuru w’Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo (United States Central Command) ahitwa MacDill, muri Florida, kuva muri Nzeri 2005 kugeza mu Ukwakira 2006.
Ku itariki ya 08 Ukuboza 2006, Austin yazamuwe mu ntera agirwa Lt. General, ahita anagirwa umuyobozi wa XVIII Airborne Corps muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru. Muri Gashyantare 2008, Austin yabaye umuyobozi wa 2 mukuru w’ingabo za Amerika muri Irak, agirwa umuyobozi w’ingabo z’ibihugu bitandukanye muri Irak, aho icyo gihe yayoboye ibikorwa bitandukanye byarimo ingabo 152,000 z’ibihugu bitandukanye mu mirenge yose yo muri Irak.
Muri Kanama 2009 Austin yavuye ku buyobozi bwa XVIII Corps agirwa DJS (Director of the Joint Staff). DJS ni general w’inyenyeri eshatu uba ushinzwe kugira inama umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe ingabo na perezida ku bibazo bijyanye n’umutekano.
Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo za Amerika muri Irak
Ku itariki ya 01 Nzeri 2010, Austin yabaye umuyobozi mukuru (Commanding General) w’ingabo za Amerika muri Irak, asimbuye Gen. Ray Odierno. Austin niwe wari usigaye akuriye ingabo zose zaba iza Amerika n’iz’ibihugu by’inshuti bari bafatanyije muri Irak. Inshingano zabo zari ukugira inama, gutoza no guha ibikoresho bikenewe Igisirikare cya Irak n’izindi nzego z’umutekano. Nk’umuyobozi icyo gihe Austin yasabye kongererwa ingabo byibuze hagati y’14,000 na 18,000.
Austin utaremeraga ko ingabo za Amerika ziva burundu muri Irak, yasabye ko Amerika yahagumisha byibuze abasirikare 10,000 nyuma ya 2011. Austin n’abandi bari bafatanyije bakaba baravuye muri Irak ku itariki 18 Ukuboza 2011.
Umugaba Mukuru Wungirije w’ingabo
Muri uko kwezi muri 2011, Austin yagizwe umugaba mukuru wungirije w’ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (VCSA). Yinjiye mu biro ku itariki 31 Mutaramara 2012. Nka VCSA, yitaga umunsi ku munsi ku ngengo y’imari y’igisirikare n’abakozi. Ku buyobozi bwe igisirikare cyateye intambwe mu kugabanya ikibazo cyo kwiyahura mu basirikare. Yahagarikiye kandi isuzumwa ry’ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bw’abakozi bagiye bagirira ubumuga mu kazi.
Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’ingabo za USA
Ntibyarangiriye aho, Austin yakomeje kuzamuka mu ntera aba Umuyobozi w’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’ingabo (CENTCOM) ku itariki 22 Werurwe 2013, nyuma yo gutoranywa na Perezida Barack Obama mu mpera za 2012. Ibikorwa bye yakoze ku buyobozi bwa CENTCOM byagiye bifatwa nk’iby’”Umujenerali utagaragara” kubera ukuntu yanga kuvuga ku mugaragaro ku bibazo bireba igisirikare.
Kuri uyu mwanya, ubwo Islamic State yigaruriraga Umujyi wa Mosul muri Kamena 2014, Austin yayoboye kandi akurikirana ibikorwa by’igisirikare byo kurwanya uyu mutwe w’iterabwoba, wari uzanye imbaraga zidasanzwe, muri Irak na Syria.
Kuva mu Ukwakira 2014, Austin yavugaga ko ingabo z’Amerika zigomba kwibanda mu bikorwa byo kurwanya ISIL muri Irak, aho kwibanda kuri Syria. Mu mwaka wa 2015, Austin yemeye muri komisiyo ya Sena ishinzwe ingabo ko gahunda yo muri Amerika yari igamije gutoza Abanyasiriya kurwanya ISIL ubwabo itagenze neza.
Austin yaje gusezera mu gisirikare mu muhango wabaye ku itariki 05 Mata 2016 wabereye ku birindiro bya Myer-Henderson . Austin abaye uwahoze ayoboye CENTCOM, nyuma ya Gen. James Mattis, ubaye Umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe ingabo. Mattis akaba yarasimbuwe na Austin ku buyobozi bwa CENTCOM nyuma y’aho agiriye mu zabukuru mu 2013, ndetse akaba yarabaye Umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe ingabo wa 26.
Ku rundi ruhande, ikinyamakuru NPR kivuga ko guhitamo Lloyd Austin ngo abe umunyamabanga we ushinzwe ingabo, Perezida Joe Biden yakoze amateka.
Austin abaye Umunyamerika wa mbere ufite inkomoko muri Afurika uyoboye Pentagon, ikigo cya mbere ku Isi gikoresha abakozi benshi kurusha ibindi, babarirwa muri miliyoni 2,2 z’abasirikare n’ibihumbi bisaga 700 by’abasivili.
Bamwe mu babanye nawe muri division ya 10 y’ingabo zirwanira mu misozi nka Maj. Gen. Paul Eaton, avuga ko Austin ari “umugabo w’inyangamugayo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru”. Yongeyeho ko gutoranya Gen. Austin ari “amahitamo meza yo kuyobora igisirikare cyacu mu Isi iteye ubwoba.”
Amakuru atandukanye agera kuri NPR avuga ko Biden yaje kumenya Austin ubwo yari muri briefings mu cyumba kizwi nka Situation Room cya White House ku buyobozi bwa Barack Obama ubwo Austin yari umuyobozi wa CENTCOM. Niwe mwirabura wa mbere wari uhagarikiye ibikorwa bya gisirikare mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, akazi yahuzaga no gushyiraho ingamba zo kurwanya Islamic State muri Irak na Syria.
Biden yavuze ko byari ngombwa kuri we ko umuyobozi utaha wa Pentagon agomba kuba azi ubwe igiciro cy’ikiremwamuntu mu ntambara.
Biden yarebaga mu bantu babiri barimo Michelle Flournoy, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru muri Pentagon mu buyobozi bwa Obama, nawe iyo aramuka atoranyijwe yari kuba yanditse amateka yo kuba umugore wa mbere uyoboye Pentagon. Undi ni Jeh Johnson, nawe akaba Umwirabura w’Umunyamerika wabaye umujyanama mukuru muri Pentagon ndetse wanayoboye Homeland Security.
Flournoy, by’umwihariko ntabwo yashyigikiwe kuko ashinjwa iteka gushaka gukemuza ibibazo ibisubizo bya gisirikare nk’aho yashyigikiye ko ingabo za Amerika muri Irak zongerwaho 30,000, kongera ingabo Biden atari ashyigikiye ubwo yari visi Perezida wa Obama.
Abayobozi mbarwa b’Abirabura
Ku rundi ruhande, Igisirikare cya Amerika kiracyagaragaramo ubusumbane bukabije mu buyobozi, ahagaragara umubare muto w’Abirabura b’Abanyamerika bari mu myanya yo hejuru.
Gen. Charles Q. Brown
Urugero, mu bayobozi bakuru 41 b’ingabo, bafite inyenyeri enye (Bafite ipeti rya General Full), babiri gusa nibo Birabura. Vuba aha kandi, nibwo umwe muri bo, wo mu gisirikare kirwanira mu kirere Gen. Charles Q. Brown niwe wabaye jenerali wuzuye wa mbere muri izi ngabo.
Brown azwiho ko yazanye ingamba nshya zo gutsinda Islamic State. Aho kwiruka inyuma y’abarwanyi bayo, Brown yahisemo mu 2015 kugaba ibitero by’indege ahantu h’ingenzi kuri uyu mutwe nko ku birindiro bikuru, kuri banki yayo i Mosul, muri Iraki, yahoze ikoresha yishyura abarwanyi bayo, kandi ibi byabaye intangiriro y’impera ya Islamic State
