Bamwe mu bana bavutse ku bazungu bakoreraga ubukoloni muri Repubuika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, nyuma y’imyaka mirongo, bakomeje urugamba rwo gusaba Leta y’u Bubiligi kwemerwa no guhabwa impozamarira kubera ibibi bakorewe nko kwamburwa imiryango yabo no kubashyira mu kato babita abana b’icyaha no kubwirwa ko abana bavanze (bakomoka ku birabura n’abazungu) ari abana baremwe n’ikibi.
Umwe muri bo witwa Monique mu butumwa yanyujije kuri whatapp aherereye ahitwa Hasselt, Umujyi uherereye mu ntara ya Flanders, mu majyaruguru y’u Bubiligi, yasobanuye ubuzima bubi banyuzemo nyuma yo kuvuka ku banyafurika babaga baratewe inda n’abazungu bakoreraga ubukoloni.
Aba bana nyuma yo kuvuka, bagiye bamburwa ba nyina bakajya kurererwa mu bigo by’abihaye Imana b’abazungu, bisa nko kubahisha Isi.
Monique akavuga ko ubwo bari muri iki kigo cy’Abihaye Imana b’Abagaturika, we na bagenzi be bajyaga bumva buri munsi ko ari “Abana b’Ikibi”. Babwirwaga ko Sekibi ari we waremye abana bavanze (métis), kandi babatizwaga ukwabo batandukanyijwe n’abandi bana b’Abanyekongo nta wundi muntu ubabonye.
Abana bakuze nibo bitaga ku bakiri bato. Bagaburiraga kandi bakarera impinja kandi bakajya ku Ishuri. Rimwe na rimwe bagaburirwaga ibibabi by’ibijumba. Icyumba Monique yabagamo cyari giteganye n’uburuhukiro. Avuga ko buri joro yararaga yumva abantu baririra ababo.
Mu bo babanaga, harimo; Léa Tavares Mujinga, Noëlle Verbeeken, Simone Ngalula and Marie-José Loshi. Aba bagore bose bakaba bakomeje guhangana na Leta y’u Bubiligi basaba impozamarira y’uburenganzira bwabo bavukijwe kuva bakiri abana nk’uko iyi nkuru dukesha Al Jazeera ikomeza ivuga.
Aba ngo ntabwo bari inshuti gusa ahubwo bari abavandimwe kuko muri ubwo buzima bubi ari bo ubwabo bateranaga imbaraga.
Mu 1960, ubwo Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yabonaga ubwigenge, kubera gutinya ubugizi bwa nabi bwashoboraga guterwa n’imvururu za politiki, ababikira bateguye abana bashaka kubajyana mu Bubiligi. Ariko, umwe mu bapadiri abuza abana bari abakobwa gusa kugenda. Ababikira baragiye, baragaruka, kugeza ijoro rimwe ubwo amakamyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yazaga agatwara abo babikira bagasiga abana.
Ngo hari mu 1961, ubwo Monique yari afite imyaka 11. Hari abana bagera kuri 60 barimo abavanze (Métis) 10, imfubyi n’impinja, bafashe icyemezo cyo kuva mu kigo ubwabo. Zimwe mu mpinja zaje gupfa. Ubwo ubugizi bwa nabi bwadukaga muri Kasai hagati y’amoko atandukanye nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge, inyeshyamba za Bakwa Luntu zageze aho abana babaga zivuga ko zizabarinda aho kubarinda zibafata ku ngufu.
Monique Bitu Bingi
Monique yibuka ubugizi bwa nabi ndengakamere bakorewe icyo gihe. Ati “Buri joro, amajoro menshi, bashyiraga abakobwa hasi bafunguye amaguru bagafata buji ndende bakayishyira mu myanya ndangabitsina yabo”.
Nyuma y’icyumweru ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bwaje kubona imiryango icumbikira aba bana b’abakobwa, ariko ubugizi bwa nabi bwabakorerwaga burakomeza.
Monique ati “ Twarahahamutse”. Avuga ko n’ubu akigira inzozi mbi (nightmares) z’ibyo yanyuzemo icyo gihe, ndetse iyo yumvise amakamyo mu ijoro yumva abo barwanyi babahohoteye bagarutse.
Ati “ Ni ubwangavu bwanjye bwose bwatwawe.” Avuga ko nta yandi mahitamo yari afite usibye gukomera agakomeza kubaho.
Umukobwa we ugaragara muri iyi video yanyujije kuri whatsapp, we agira ati: “Barangijwe mu mutwe no ku mubiri,”
Bamwe mu bana bavanze barererwaga mu kigo cy’i Save
Nka nyuma y’umwaka mu 1962, umupadiri w’Umuholandi n’umunyekongo batwaye aba bana b’abakobwa barishwe n’ubwoba, bananutse, basubizwa mu kigo bavuyemo bari basizwemo n’ababikira. Monique yabaye aha kugeza agize imyaka 17 ubwo yarongorwaga n’umugabo w’Umunyekongo w’umucuruzi ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Portugal babyaranye abana 7.
Monique avuga ko yahuraga na nyina buri myaka ibiri ariko batashoboraga kwisubiza ibyo bambuwe. Ngo ni ukubera gusa ko bavukanye ibara ry’uruhu ritandukanye ba nyina batigeze bagira uburenganzira bwo kugumana abana babo.
Mu 1981, ubwo yari afite imyaka 32, Monique yimukiye mu Bubiligi n’umuryango we kugirango abana babo bazabashe kubona uburezi buteye imbere. Monique Fernandes avuga ko ubu, abana bakuze akaba afite n’abuzukuru, yumva ko igihe kigeze cyo kuvuga ukuri ku bukoloni binyuze mu bunararibonye bwe, kugira ngo haveho ibinyoma biri mu bitabo by’ishuri bishushanya ubukoloni nk’ikintu cyiza. Umukobwa we akavuga ko nyina na ba “nyirasenge”, nk’uko abita, bizera ko inkuru yabo idakwiye guhishwa.
Monique ati “Ni ngombwa ko Guverinoma y’u Bubiligi yemera ibyabaye, kandi bagasana ibyo bakoze. Icyaha cyarakozwe kandi bakeneye kugikemura.”
Abana bibwe
Nk’uko iyi nkuru ikomeza ivuga, abana bavanze bari ikibazo ku butegetsi bw’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi bumvaga Abazungu ari ubwoko buri hejuru y’ubundi.
“Bari bafite ubwoba kuko kubaho kwabo (Aba-métis)kwonyine kwatigisaga urufatiro rwiyi nyigisho ishingiye ku moko yari ishingiro ry’umushinga w’abakoloni,” uyu ni Delphine Lauwers, impuguke mu mateka mu bushyinguranyandiko bwa leta y’u Bubiligi akaba akora ubushakashatsi, mu rwego rw’umwanzuro wa 2018, ku ivanguraruhu ryakorewe abana bavanze bavutse ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni bw’Ababiligi.
Aba bana bavanze ngo bafatwaga nk’ibiremwa bidasanzwe ariko na none nk’ikibazo gikomeye nk’imbaraga z’ahazaza mu mpinduramatwara mu gihe bagumana n’imiryango yabo ya kinyafurika.
“Iteka habaga hari ikibazo: Bazaba abizerwa cyangwa ntibazababo?”, uyu ni Jacqui Goegebeur, nawe w’Umu-Métis ukuriye ishyirahamwe ryabo mu Bubiligi ryitwa ‘Association Métis de Belgique/Metis van België (AMB), ndetse akaba ari imbere mu baharanira ko amateka yabo amenyekana n’ivangura leta yakoreye abana bavanze.
Mu 1952, itegeko rya leta ryerekeye kurera abana “b’imfubyi” cyangwa “batereranywe”, mu by’ukuri, ababana na ba nyina b’Abanyafurika cyangwa batamewe na ba se b’Abanyaburayi, ryatumye bashimutwa buri gihe, bagakorerwa ivangura ndetse bagashyirwa mu kato mu bigo by’abihaye Imana. Abayobozi b’amadini na leta babigizemo uruhare.
Abana bavutse ku bagore biturutse ku gufatwa ku ngufu, ibihe aho abakozi bo mu rugo b’Abanyafurika bafatwaga nk’inshoreke, ariko kandi n’abana bavukaga ku babyeyi badahuje bashyingiranwe ntibyemerwaga n’u Bubiligi, bigatuma bamburwa ba nyina ku ngufu.
Kubatandukanya byitwaga ko biri mu nyungu z’umwana n’uburere bwe. Inyandiko z’icyo gihe zerekana ko ababyeyi bagaragazwaga nk’abatabashije kwita ku bana babo. Ababyeyi benshi babwiwe ko abana babo bazagaruka nyuma yo kwiga ariko babeshywa.
Muri ubwo buryo, ba se b’abazungu, Ababiligi, ariko kandi n’abagabo b’Abagereki, Abanya-Portuga, Abafaransa n’Abataliyani, bagiye bemera abana bamwe abandi bakabihakana. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1920, abagabo b’Abazungu batangiye kujyana abana babo mu Bubiligi ku giti cyabo. Mu gihe ibihugu byari biri kugenda bihabwa ubwigenge, leta yatwaye abana babarirwa muri magana mu Bubiligi, mu gihe abandi basizwe inyuma.
Bivugwa ko byibuze abana 283 bavukiye muri Kivu, mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bajyanwe mu Bubiligi. Benshi bavuye mu kigo cyari I Save mu Rwanda. Mu Bubiligi hari amadosiye arenga 1.000 y’icyo gihe y’abana boherejwe mu miryango yashakaga abana irera no mu bigo by’ imfubyi.
Jacqui Goegebeur yavukiye i Kigali mu Rwanda mu 1956 ubwo igihugu cyari kigikolonijwe n’u Bubiligi. Nyina umubyara yari Umunyarwandakazi, ise ari Umubiligi ndetse wemeraga abana be batatu.
Nubwo ababyeyi be bashyingiwe mu mategeko y’u Rwanda, ayo mu Bubiligi ntiyabemeye. Ubwo Jacqui yari afite amezi atandatu, mukuru we afite imyaka ibiri n’igice, ise yaje gupfa. Ku munsi wo kumushyingura, musaza wabo wari ufite imyaka 6 yajyanwe kurera n’abamisiyoneri bo muri Danemark.
Nyina wa Jacqui yagerageje kenshi gutabara umuhungu we ariko biramunanira. Byageze aho abapadiri bamuteza imbwa nk’uko musaza wa Jacqui yaje kubibabwira nyuma y’imyaka myinshi. Uyu mwana w’umuhungu yaje kujyanwa mu Burundi, nyina amubura burundu gutyo. Hashize imyaka 2, abapolisi noneho baje baje gutwara Jacqui na mukuru we.
Jacqui wambaye utwenda tw’umweru ateruwe n’umugore yahawe ngo amurere
Icyo gihe ngo ababyeyi bakoraga buri kimwe ngo bagumane n’abana babo bakagaragaza ko bashoboye kubirerera ariko bakababaka.
Jacqui na mukuru we bajyanwe i Save, aho n’ubu yibuka ko bararaga ku buriri bumwe. Aha i Save, Jacqui ngo ntiyigeze aseka, ndetse iyi myitwarire umubikira yayimenyesheje umuryango wo mu Bubiligi yahawe ngo umurere mu ibaruwa yawandikiye.
