Amateka y’uruganda rwa Toyota n’inkomoko y’izina ryarwo

Amateka ya Toyota yatangiye mu 1933 iki kigo ari igice cya Toyoda Automatic Loom Works cyahariwe gukora imodoka kiyobowe n’umuhungu w’uwashinze uru ruganda witwa Kiichiro Toyoda. Kiichiro Toyoda yari yarakoze ingendo mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1929 agiye gukora ubushakashatsi ku modoka za moteri ikoresha lisansi, nawe atangira ubushakashatsi kuri moteri zikoreshwa na lisansi mu 1930. Toyoda Automatic Loom Works yashishikarijwe gukora imodoka na Guverinoma y’u Buyapani yifuzaga imodoka zikorerwa mu gihugu kubera intambara igihugu cyarimo n’u Bushinwa.

Kiichiro Toyoda yafatiranye ayo mahirwe atangiza uruganda rukora imodoka ku itariki ya 01 Nzeri 1933 atangira gukora ubwoko butandukanye. Mu 1934, uruganda rwasohoye ubwoko bwa mbere bwa moteri (Type A Engine), yakoreshejwe mu bwoko bwa mbere bw’imodoka (A 1) itwara abagenzi muri Gicurasi 1935, ndetse n’ikamyo ya mbere uruganda rwakoze (G1) muri Kanama 1935.

Ikorwa ry’ubwoko bwa kabiri bw’imodoka (Model AA) ryatangiye mu 1936. Muri icyo gihe cya mbere, imodoka za Toyota zabaga zisa n’izo mu bwoko bwa Dodge na Chevlolet zo mu myaka y’1930, nubwo ibice bimwe ariko binyuranye n’umwimerere w’Abanyamerika.

Nubwo uruganda rwa Toyota rwamamaye uyu munsi kubera imodoka zarwo, ruracyari no muri business y’ubudozi kandi ruracyakora imashini zikoreshwa mu budozi.

Itangiriro

Toyota Motor Co. yatangijwe nk’ikigo cyigenga gikora ukwacyo mu 1937. Nubwo izina ry’umuryango washinze iki kigo ryanditswe mu rurimi rwa Kanji nka Toyoda, izina ry’ikigo ryaje guhindurwa ariko riza rijya gusa mu rurimi rw’iki-Katanaka biba Toyota. Gusa nko mu Bushinwa ahakomoka uru Kanji, Toyota baracyayita Toyoda.

Ubwo ubukungu bw’u Buyapani bwari burimo kuvugururwa no kwagurwa mu myaka ya za 30, Ibigo bya Ford na GM (General Motors) byari byarubatse inganda mu Buyapani, aho imodoka zatumizwaga muri Amerika ari ibyuma byazo ariko zigateranyirizwa mu Buyapani. Uruganda rwa Ford muri Yokohama rwatangiye muri Werurwe 1925 naho GM yubaka uruganda muri Osaka muri Mata 1927. Ahagana mu 1929, Ford na GM byagenzuraga isoko ry’imodoka ry’u Buyapani hafi ya ryose, aho mu 1929 byari bifite kuri iri soko imodoka 28,000.

Toyota AA, ubwoko bwa mbere bwakozwe

Ubwo hakorwaga imodoka ya mbere ya Toyota AA, uru ruganda rwaguze ibikoresho byakorewe mu Buyapani na Ford na GM, rurabihindura, runaha akazi ba injeniyeri bari barakoranye n’amashami ya Ford na GM mu Buyapani.

Mu Ntambara ya Pacific, mu gihe cy’Intambara ya II y’Isi, uruganda rwibanze ku gukora amakamyo y’igisirikare cy’u Buyapani. Kubera ibibazo byari bihari icyo gihe, amakamyo ya gisirikare yakorwaga mu buryo budahenze bushoboka. Nk’urugero, amakamyo wasangaga afite itara ry’imbere rimwe gusa ryabaga riri hagati. Intambara yaje kurangira mbere gato y’aho ingabo zishyize hamwe zarwanyaga Abanazi n’Abayapani zateganyaga kugaba igitero cya za bombe ku ruganda rwa Toyota muri Aichi.

Kuzamuka nyuma y’intambara

Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, u Buyapani bwari mu bibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu. Mu 1947, nibwo hatangiye gukorwa imodoka zitwara abagenzi zo mu bwoko bwiswe SA. Mu mpera z’1949, uruganda rwa Toyota rwari rugeze aharindimuka ku buryo rwendaga gufunga imiryango, ariko kubw’amahirwe rubona inguzanyo mu ihuriro ry’amabanki nyuma yo kwemeranya ubwisanzure mu gucuruza no kugabanya abakozi b’umurengera.

Muri Kamena 1950, uruganda rwakoze gusa amakamyo 300 kandi rwari hafi yo gufunga imiryango. Uruganda rwatangaje ko rwagabanyije abakozi n’umushahara, bituma abakozi bajya mu myigaragambyo yamaze amezi abiri. Imyigaragambyo yahagaritswe n’amasezerano arimo kugabanya abakozi n’umushahara, ariko no kwegura kw’uwari umuyobozi w’uruganda, Kiichiro Toyoda. Toyoda yasimbuwe na Taizo Ishida, wari Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa Toyoda Automatic Loom Company. Amezi makeya ya mbere y’Intambara ya Koreya yatumye Igisirikare cya Amerika kigura muri Toyota amakamyo 5000 bituma uruganda rwongera kuzanzamuka.

Mu 1950, hashinzwe noneho ikigo gishinzwe gusa kugurisha imodoka za Toyota, kitwa Toyota Motor Sales Co., cyabayeho kugeza muri Nyakanga 1982. Muri Mata 1957, imodoka ya mbere yakozwe na Toyota nibwo yatumijwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ndetse uruganda rushinga amashami yarwo muri Amerika no muri Brazil.

Kugera ku Isi yose

Toyota yatangiye kwagura ibikorwa mu myaka ya za 60 rukora ubushakashatsi bushya hanashingwa inganda zayo hirya no hino nko muri Thailand, n’ubufatanye na Hino Motors na Daihatsu nabwo bwashyizweho. Toyota ya mbere yakorewe hanze yu Buyapani muri Mata 1963, i Melbourne, muri Australia. Kuva mu 1963 kugeza 1965, Australia niyo yari isoko rya mbere ryoherezaga Toyota mu mahanga. Mu mpera ya za 60, Toyota yakoreraga hafi ya hose ku Isi.

Imodoka za mbere z’Abayapani zageze ku mugabane wa Amerika zari Land Cruisers 5 zoherejwe muri El Salvador muri Gicurasi 1953. Toyota za mbere zoherejwe muri Canada zari Toyota Crowns 115 muri Gashyantare 1965.

Toyota Crown zigezweho

Ni mu gihe Toyota za mbere zoherejwe mu Burayi zari ubwoko bubiri bwa Tiaras zoherejwe muri Finland ngo zisuzumwe muri Kamena 1962, ariko ntabwo zagurishijwe nubwo uwazitumije yazeretse itangazamakuru mu Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka.

Ikigo cya mbere kigurisha cyatumije imodoka za Toyota mu Burayi ni Erla Auto Import A/S cyo muri Denmark cyatumije Toyota Crowns 400 nyuma y’amasezerano yo muri Gicurasi 1963 yo kuzajya kigurisha izi modoka muri Denmark, Norvege na Sweden. U Buholandi bwakurikiyeho muri Gicurasi 1964 andi masoko akurikiraho mu 1966. Mu 1968, Toyota yashinze muri Portugal uruganda rwayo rwa mbere ruteranya imodoka zayo mu Burayi.