Mbere gato ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, ubushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) bugaragaza ibikorwa bitandukanye byabanje gukorwa hirya no hino mu gihugu byari bigamije kuyitegurira amayira birimo n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga nko mu Bugesera ahishwe Abatutsi bagera kuri 500 mu ijoro ry’uwa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Werurwe mu 1992.
Itangwa ry’intwaro zo kurwanya abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi
Tariki ya 8 Mutarama 1992, amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND yakoresheje imyigaragambyo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Butare na Gitarama. Ayo mashyaka yamaganaga uburyo Perezida Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye bari bakomeje kubangamira ibiganiro ku mishyikirano y’amahoro no kugabana ubutegetsi yaberaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya, kandi Habyarimana yari yaremeye ko agiye guhindura Guverinoma akanashyiramo abo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND.
Habyarimana icyo gihe koko yahinduye Guverinoma ku itariki 30 Ukuboza 1991 ayishinga Minisitiri w’Intebe Sylvestre Nsanzimana, ariko ba Minisitiri hafi ya bose bashyizwemo bari abo muri MRND, usibye umwe gusa, Gaspard Ruhumuriza, wakomokaga mu ishyaka rya PDC.
Mu guhangana n’iyi myigaragambyo y’amashyaka, Perezida Habyarimana yategetse ko hatoranywa abasore b’abahutu b’intarumikwa bo muri MRND, bagahabwa imyitozo n’imbunda zo kujya bahangana n’abo yitaga Ibyitso by’Inkotanyi n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe. Hatanzwe intwaro zirenga 300, zagiye zikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi n’urugomo.
Ishingwa ry’Ikinyamakuru INTERAHAMWE
Muri Mutarama 1992 ni bwo hashinzwe Ikinyamakuru cyitwaga Interahamwe cyari gishamikiye kuri MRND kikayoborwa na Robert Kajuga wari umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iki kinyamakuru hamwe n’ibyitwaga Kangura, Kamarampaka, La Médaille Nyiramacibiri, Echos des Mille Collines, Umurwanashyaka, RTLM n’ibindi, kiri mu byakwirakwije urwango n’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside mu Bahutu.
Itangwa ry’intwaro mu baturage muri Perefegitura ya Byumba
Inyandiko y’ibanga yakozwe n’uwari ushinzwe serivisi z’iperereza muri Perefegitura ya Byumba, Rwirahira Vincent, kuwa 07 Gashyantare 1992 yagaragazaga ko uwo munsi hari habayeho inama yaguye y’umutekano wa Perefegitura ya Byumba ku biro bya Komine Muvumba. Abayitabiriye bagejejweho uko gahunda bise iyo kwirwanaho kw’abaturage (auto-defense civile) ihagaze mu karere k’Umutara nyuma y’uko Minisiteri y’ingabo irekuriye intwaro 300.
Izo ntwaro zatanzwe mu buryo bukurikira:
76 zahawe Komini Muvumba, 40 zihabwa Komini Kivuye, izindi 40 zihabwa Komini Kiyombe naho 24 zihabwa Cyumba. Ku birebana na Komini Muvumba, itsinda ry’abantu 250 batoranyijwe na Burugumesitiri Onesphore Rwabukombe boherejwe mu mahugurwa i Gabiro kuva ku wa 29 Mutarama kugeza ku wa 05 Gashyantare 1992, kugira ngo bige gukoresha imbunda. Izi ntwaro zakoreshejwe n’Interahamwe mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Byumba.
Ivuka ry’ Ishyaka ry’abahezanguni ryiswe CDR
Ishyaka ryiyise Coalition pour la défense de la République (CDR) ryagize uruhare runini cyane mu bukangurambaga bwa Jenoside, haba mu kuyitegura no gushishikariza Abahutu gushyira hamwe bakica Abatutsi. Igitekerezo cyo gushinga CDR cyatangiriye mu nama zitandukanye zabereye mu yari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Nyakinama, zateranye ku wa 22 Ukuboza 1991, ku wa 5 Mutarama 1992 no ku wa 17 Mutarama 1992.
Izi nama zahuje Agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu b’intiti bakoraga mu buyobozi bw’inzego zitandukanye za Leta bakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, bari bahujwe n’urwango ku Batutsi. Aka gatsiko kiyise Cercle des Républicains Progressistes kari kayobowe na Charles Ndereyehe Ntahontuye wakomokaga muri Komini Cyabingo mu Ruhengeri, akaba yari Umuyobozi mukuru w’umushinga wo guteza imbere ubuhinzi muri Gikongoro (PDAG = Projet de développement agricole de Gikongoro).
Ku itariki 22/02/1992, inama yo kwemeza ishingwa rya CDR yateraniye muri Hotel Village Urugwiro i Kigali ihuza abantu icumi b’intagondwa batangaza ku mugaragaro ko bashinze Ishyaka rya «Coalition pour la Défense de la République (CDR)» mu gifaransa naho mu kinyarwanda baryita «Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika».
Abo bantu ba mbere bashinze CDR muri iyo nama ni : Bucyana Martin, Nahimana Théoneste, Misago Rutegesha Antoine, Mugimba Jean Baptiste, Uwamariya Béatrice, Higiro Céléstin, Nzaramba Céléstin, Akimanizanye 39Emmanuel, Hitimama Athanase na Simbizi Stanislas. Aba bantu bazahora bibukirwa ku bugome ndengakamere Ishyaka bashinze ryakoreye u Rwanda muri Jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994.
Ishyirwaho rya Komite iyobora ibikorwa bya Auto-defense civile
Ku wa 20 Mutarama 1992, Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, Munyazesa Fawusitini, yanditse ibaruwa igenewe ba Perefe ba Ruhengeri na Gisenyi abamenyesha ko bagomba kwegera abayobozi b’ingabo muri Perefegitura zabo kugira ngo bahabwe amabwiriza y’uburyo bwo gukomeza guha abaturage intwaro no gusobanurirwa uko imyitozo ya gisilikare izagenda.
Yabasabaga gukurikiranira hafi ubwabo icyo gikorwa kandi bakazamumenyesha badatinze bakoresheje Faxingamba zafashwe mu guhitamo abasore bazajyanwa mu myitozo no kumumenyesha imigendekere y’iyo myitozo. Minisitiri Munyazesa yashoje asaba ba Perefe ko hafatwa ingamba zikomeye kugira ngo izo ntwaro zitazibwa cyangwa zikarigiswa.
Mu buryo bwo kunoza imigendekere y’icyo gikorwa, hashyizweho ku rwego rwa Minisiteri y’ingabo, Komisiyo yiswe auto-defense civile yari ishinzwe gukurikirana imigendekere yacyo mu gihugu. Iyo Komisiyo yari igizwe na Liyetona Koloneli Rwabalinda Ephrem, Major Rwarakabije Paul, Major Nteziryayo Alufonsi na Major Kankwanzi Ruth wari umukuru wa serivisi y’icungamutungo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda.
Ku wa 22 Mutarama 1992, Colonel Bernard Cussac, wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisilikare hagati y’Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda, akaba yarakoreraga muri Ambasade y’Ubufaransa i Kigali, yanditse inyandiko y’akazi igenewe Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Ubufaransa avuga ko hari intwaro zahawe interahamwe, zitanzwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda hamwe n’abategetsi bo muri MRND.
Leta y’u Rwanda yateguraga intambara mu gihe ibiganiro by’amahoro byari birimbanije Arusha
Mu gihe ibiganiro by’Amahoro byasaga n’aho bigenda neza, Leta y’u Rwanda yo yiteguraga intambara. Ni muri urwo rwego tariki ya 19 Gashyantare 1992, Perezida Habyarimana yagiye mu Misiri asaba ko u Rwanda rwagurayo intwaro kandi arabyemererwa.
Muri Werurwe 1992, Minisiteri y’ingabo yaguze mu Misiri intwaro zifite agaciro ka miliyoni esheshatu z’amadolari. Muri izo ntwaro harimo imbunda, ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa « roquettes » na za grenades zahawe abaturage. Ibi birerekana ko n’ubwo Habyarimana yajyaga mu biganiro by’amahoro atari afite gahunda yo kubahiriza ibyari kuyavamo, ko ahubwo yiteguraga gukomeza intambara no gukomeza gutegura Jenoside.
Ni nabyo yivugiye muri mitingi yakoreye mu Ruhengeri ku wa 17/11/1992 atangariza abarwanashyaka ba MRND ko atemera ibiva mu mishyikirano y’amahoro, abyita ko ari ibipapuro, ko amahoro atava mu bipapuro. Yongeyeho ko kuri we igihe nikigera azakora ku Nterahamwe ze, yazambitse, maze bakamanuka mu giturage. Nta kindi yavugaga uretse guha interahamwe ze uburenganzira bwo kujya hose mu gihugu kurimbura Abatutsi no kwica Abahutu bari mu mashyaka atarashakaga gukora Jenoside.
Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi barenga 500 mu Bugesera
Ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 04 rishyira iry’iya 05 Werurwe 1992 ryaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bukomeye bw’Abatutsi mu Bugesera. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’interahamwe zifatanyije n’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’Igihugu n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Gako. Ubu bwicanyi bwabanjirijwe n’itangazo rishishikariza abantu kwica ryasomwe kuri Radiyo Rwanda ku itariki ya 3 Werurwe 1992, risomwe n’umunyamakuru Bamwanga Jean-Baptiste, abitegetswe na Nahimana Ferdinand icyo gihe wari Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Itangazamakuru (ORINFOR).
Bamwanga asoma iyo nyandiko mpimbano yavuze ko yari yaratangajwe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa FPR kandi ko yagaragazaga amazina y’abayobozi bakuru bo mu butegetsi bwa Habyarimana ngo FPR yashakaga kwica ibifashijwemo n’ibyitso byayo by’imbere mu gihugu. Bamwanga yavuze ko iyo nyandiko yari yaravumbuwe i Nyamata ku mucuruzi w’Umututsi witwaga Gahima François wari Perezida w’ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana (PL) muri ako gace.
Mu by’ukuri, aya makuru mahimbano yari uburyo buziguye bwo gushishikariza Abahutu gukorera ubwicanyi ku Batutsi.
Imibare yatanzwe na Komisiyo yashizweho na Perefegitura ya Kigali tariki ya 05 Werurwe 1992, ku bantu bwahitanye ndetse n’ibintu bwangije igaragaza ibi bikurikira:
Komine Kanzenze:
– Abantu bishwe: 36
– Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe: 309
– Ibikoni byatwitswe: 573
– Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka165, ihene268 n’ingurube ebyiri (2)
Komini Ngenda:
• Abantu bishwe: 36
• Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe:74 41
• Ibikoni byatwitswe:119
• Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka 112, ihene111 n’ingurube 16
Komine Gashora:
• Abantu bishwe:84
• Inzu zo guturamo zatwitswe:216
• Ibikoni byatwitswe:288
• Amatungo yaburiwe irengero: inka188, ihene325 n’ingurube 28.
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