Mu mashuri 10 ya gisirikare meza ku Isi harimo rimwe gusa ryo muri Afurika

Amashuri y’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare kugeza ubu yakomeje kuba imwe mu miyoboro mu gutegura abayobozi b’igihugu ku Isi bagiye bagirira akamaro ibihugu byabo ndetse n’Isi muri rusange. Hano hari amwe mu mashuri meza ya gisirikari ariho ku Isi kugeza ubu nk’uko tubikesha militarymedia.net.

1. United States Military Academy (West Point)

Iri shuri ritanga integanyanyigisho yuzuye igamije guha ubumenyi, ubuhanga n’ibyangombwa bikenewe kugirango abanyeshuri babe abarwanyi bakomeye kandi batsinde buri kibazo kinyamwuga kandi ku giti cyabo. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, abasirikare barangiza bafite ipeti S/Lt mu ngabo z’Amerika. Intero y’iri shuri rya West Point ni “Amenshi mu mateka twigisha yakozwe n’abantu twigisha”.

Nibyo rwose, iri shuri ryaciyemo abantu benshi bakoze amateka ya Amerika n’Isi. West Point ifite urutonde rurerure rw’abanyeshuri baharangije bazwi harimo ba Perezida babiri, Ulysses S. Grant na Dwight D. Eisenhower. Abandi Bajenerali Bakuru barimo Robert E. Lee na Stonewall Jackson. Mu gihe abarwanye Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose bazwi bize muri West Point harimo Douglas Mac Arthur, George S. Patton, Omar Bradley na Henry H. Arnold.

2. RAF College Cranwell, United Kingdom

Ishuri Rikuru rya RAF College Cranwell ryo mu Bwongereza niryo shuri rya mbere ry’igisirikare cyo mu kirere ku Isi ryafunguwe mu 1919. Iri shuri ryigisha amasomo y’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere z’u Bwongereza rigatanga amahugurwa y’ibanze ku basirikare ba RAF bifuza kuba ba ofisiye. Ishuri rikuru kandi rishinzwe ibikorwa byose byo gushaka abasirikare bo kujya mu ngabo zirwanira mu kirere.

Abayobozi benshi ba RAF (Royal Air Force) barangiza amasomo y’ibyumweru 32 mu guhindura ubuyobozi, inyigo z’ingufu zo mu kirere (harimo imyitwarire). Abanyeshuri bazwi cyane barinyuzemo barimo ibikomangoma Charles na William kimwe n’abanyamuryango benshi b’ubwami bwo mu bihugu by’Abarabu.

3. Saint-Cyr Special Military School, France

Iri shuri ryashinzwe na Napoleon Bonaparte mu 1803 i Fontainebleau, ni ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ry’u Bufaransa. Nyuma y’imyaka itanu rishinzwe, nibwo Napoleon yimuriye iri shuri i Saint-Cyr-l’Ecole hafi ya Versailles ahahoze ishuri ryo mu kinyejana cya 17 ryashinzwe n’umugore wa Louis XIV.

Icyakora, inyubako zarasenyutse mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose maze iryo shuri ryimurirwa i Coetquidan, muri Brittany nyuma y’intambara ariko izina ryagumishijwe uko rimeze kubera ko ryamamaye. Mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, ishuri rya Saint-Cyr ryateguye gusa abasirikare bakuru n’abayobozi mu ngabo zirwanira ku butaka n’abakoresha ibimodoka bya gisirikare kera bakoreshaga amafarasi.

4. PLA National Defense University, China

Iki kigo ni kaminuza nkuru y’igihugu ya Beijing iyobowe na komite nkuru y’igisirikare cy’u Bushinwa (PLA). Iki kigo cyashinzwe mu 1985 biturutse ku guhuza Ishuri rya Gisirikare rya PLA, Ishuri Rikuru ry’ibikoresho rya PLA n’Ishuri Rikuru rya Politiki rya PLA.

Iri shuri niryo riyoboye ayandi yigisha ibijyanye n’igisirikare mu Bushinwa bivugwa ko ryashinzwe nk’igisubizo ku ishingwa ry’ishuri twabonye haruguru ryo muri Amerika rya West Point. Mu masomo atangirwamo harimo ayo ku rwego rwa , Joint Command and Staff Course, National Defense Course na Advanced Refresher Course.

5. Academy of General Staff, Russia

Iri shuri bwa mbere ryamenyekanye nka Imperial Military Academy mu Burusiya, ryashinzwe mu 1832 i St. Petersburg ritanga amasomo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru ya gisirikare y’ingabo z’umwami zarwaniraga ku butaka n’abashinzwe ubushakashatsi.

Ishuri rikuru ryakoresheje ammwe mu mayeri meza ya gisirikari hamwe n’abahanga bo mu gihe cyabo nka Alexei Bajov, Heinrich Leer, Nikolai Medem na Alexander Myshlayevsky. Munsi yabo, Ishuri Rikuru ryagize uruhare runini mu bitekerezo bya gisirikare. Mu 1918, Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare rizwi nka General Staff Academy ryahindutse Red Army Military Academy.

6. Japanese National Defense Academy

Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ry’u Buyapani niryo ryigisha ingabo zirwanira ku butaka ,izirwanira mu kirere n’izirwanira mu mazi zifuza kuba ba ofisiye. Amasomo y’imyaka ine yateguwe kugirango atoze abanyeshuri mu bwenge, ku mubiri no mu bitekerezo kugirango bazavemo abayobozi b’ahazaza b’ingabo z’u Buyapani (JSDF).

Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, abanyeshuri bakomeza andi mahugurwa ku ishuri rya ba ofisiye b’amababa atatu ya gisirikare ya JSDF. Mugihe cyambere, Navy ningabo zUbuyapani Imperial zari zifite amashuri abiri atandukanye mbere yuko zunga ubumwe. Iri shuri ritanga amasomo ya master na dogiteri kubakandida bujuje ibisabwa.

7. South African Military Academy

Iri shuri ryashinzwe mu 1950 munsi ya Kaminuza ya Pretoria, ubu ryitwa Ishuri Rikuru ry’ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo. Iri shuri ryashinzwe hifashishijwe gahunda y’amasomo ya gisirikare y’Amerika yo guteza imbere abasirikari bakuru bashobora guhangana n’ibibazo by’intambara zigezweho.

Ishuri Rikuru ritanga Impamyabumenyi ya Gisirikare mu buhanzi, ubumenyi n’ubucuruzi. Impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza na doctorat nayo iratangwa.

Minisiteri y’ingabo yemeje ko abasaba kwiga muri iri shuri bagomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa muri serivisi zabo mbere yo kwinjira mu Ishuri. Guhera rero mu 1976, ba ofisiye bato ntibasabwaga gukorera impamyabumenyi muri iri shuri.

8. Evelpidon Hellenic Military Academy, Greece

Ishuri ry’abasirikare bakuru b’Abagereki, rya Evelpidon ryashinzwe mu 1828 na Ionnis Kapodistrias, guverineri wa mbere w’u Bugereki bwa none. Intego ni ukuzamura ubushobozi bw’abasirikare bakuru b’Abagereki (abarwanira ku butaka, abakoresha ibimodoka bya gisirikare, abakoresha ibitwaro biremereye, abapilote na ba injeniyeri).

9. National Defense Academy, India

Mu 1941, guverinoma ya Sudani yahaye impano y’amadorari 100.000 USD, Lord Linlithgow, wari Guverineri mukuru w’u Buhinde, mu kumushimira igitambo cy’ingabo z’Abahinde mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Nyuma y’intambara, Umuyobozi w’ingabo z’u Buhinde, Field Marshall Claude Auchinlek yayoboye komite yize amashuri atandukanye ya gisirikare ku Isi.

Nyuma yasabye ko hashyirwaho Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare ryigana ishuri rya gisirikare ry’Amerika rya West Point. Nyuma yo gutandukana (abongereza bavuye mu Buhinde), Guverinoma y’u Buhinde yafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha impano yatanzwe na Sudani kugira ngo yishyure igice cy’amafaranga yo kubaka ishuri rikuru ry’ingabo (NDA) i Dehradun, umurwa mukuru wa leta ya Uttarakhand.

NDA itanga gahunda y’icyiciro cya mbere mu bijyanye n’Amateka ya Gisirikare n’ubumenyi bw’Isi, Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’amategeko y’intambara. Abarangije muri iryo shuri bakomeza gukurikira andi masomo ya gisirikare bahisemo mu yandi mashuri.

10. Pakistan Military Academy

Iri shuri rizwi nka Pakistan Military Academy niryo shuri rya mbere ryemewe rya gisirikare ryemewe muri Pakisitani. Brigadier Francis Ingall wo mu Gisirikare cy’u Buhinde cya kera niwe wabaye komanda wa mbere PMA. Yashinze Ishuri rya Gisirikare rya Pakistan nyuma yo guhugurwa mu ishuri rya Sandhurst mu Bwongereza, Saint-Cyr mu Bufaransa no muri West Point muri Amerika.

Iri shuri ritanga gahunda y’imyaka ine y’icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza hamwe n’amasomo nk’Icyongereza, ubumenyi bw’isi bwa gisirikare, imibanire mpuzamahanga, Inyigisho za kisilamu, n’ubumenyi rusange. Abanyeshuri kandi bitabira imyitozo itoroshye yo guteza imbere imirwanire y’ingabo za Pakisitani.

Mu bantu bazwi barinyuzemo harimo Gen. Rahimuddin Khan, wabaye umugaba w’ingabo, Gen Parvez Musharraf, wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Pakistan, na Gen. Ashfaque Parvez Kayani, nawe wahoze ari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo.