Ishimuta, iyicarubozo n’ubwicanyi, bimwe mu bikorwa byagiye bihindanya isura ya nyakwigendera Winnie Mandela, wahoze ari umugore w’intwari ya Afurika, Nyakwigendera Nelson Mandela, nubwo nawe ibikorwa bijya gusa nk’ibi yagiye abikorerwa n’ubutegetsi bw’ivangura yahanganye nabwo igihe kirekire muri Afurika y’Epfo bwari buyobowe na ba nyamucye b’Abazungu.
Kenshi rero Winnie Mandela yagiye avugwaho ibyiza gusa cyane cyane n’abantu bari bahuje ibitekerezo byo kurwanya ivanguramoko ryo muri Afurika y’Epfo, ari ko nawe muri urwo rugamba hari ibikorwa by’urugomo ndetse wakwita iby’ubugizi bwa nabi yagiye agiramo uruhare bikorerwa abo babaga batumva ibintu kimwe cyangwa abo yarwanyaga tuza kurebera hamwe muri iyi nkuru irambuye igaruka ku byaranze ubuzima bwe nk’uko tubikesha Wikipedia.
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela wavutse nka Nomzamo Winfred Zanyiwe Madikizela ku itariki ya 26 Nzeri 1936, yitabye Imana ku itariki 02 Mata 2018. Yamenyekanye cyane nka Winnie Mandela, wabaye umugore wa kabiri wa Nelson Mandela, akaba yari umunyapolitikikazi n’impirimbanyi irwanya ivanguraruhu ryo muri Afurika y’Epfo mu butegetsi bwa Apartheid.
Yabaye umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’iki gihugu kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 2003, no kuva mu 2009 kugeza asezeye ku Isi, ndetse kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1996 yabaye minisitiri wungirije w’ubugeni n’umuco.
Winnie yari umuyoboke w’ishyaka rya politiki rya ANC yabaye muri komite nyobozi yaryo ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse akaba yarayoboye ihuriro ry’abagore bo muri iri shyaka. Abari bamushyigikiye bamufataga nk’umubyeyi w’igihugu (Mother of the Nation).
Madikizela wavukiye mu muryango w’Aba-Mpondo ahitwa Bizana, yari umukozi mu bijyanye n’imibereho myiza wabyigiye, akaba yarashyingiranye n’indi mpirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’abirabura yarwanyaga Apartheid, Nelson Mandela mu 1958 I Johannesburg, bamarana imyaka 38 nk’umugore n’umugabo babyarana abana babiri.
Mu 1963, nyuma y’aho Mandela afungiwe nyuma y’urubanza rwa Rivonia, niwe wasigaranye isura ya Mandela muri rubanda mu myaka 27 yamaze afunze. Muri icyo gihe, nibwo Winnie yazamutse mu cyubahiro muri muvoma yarwanyaga ivanguraruhu. Nawe yagiye afungwa kenshi n’inzego z’umutekano z’ubutegetsi bwa Apartheid, agakorerwa iyicarubozo, agaciribwa mu cyaro ndetse akamara amezi menshi yarashyizwe mu kato.
Nawe yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo
Mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, Madikizela-Mandela nawe yagize “ingoma y’iterabwoba” yaranzwe n’urugomo rukomeye ndetse yamaganwa na bamwe mu barwanyaga Apartheid muri Afurika y’Epfo anacyahwa bikomeye n’abayoboke ba ANC bari mu buhungiro. Muri icyo gihe byageze n’aho inzu ye itwikwa n’abaturage bo muri Soweto.
Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’Ubwiyunge (TRC) yashyizweho na guverinoma ya Nelson Mandela kugira ngo ikore iperereza ku ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu yasanze Madikizela-Mandela nawe yarijanditse mu bikorwa by’ihohotera rikabije ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ryakozwe na Mandela United Football Club”, itsinda ryari rigizwe n’insoresore zakoraga nk’abashinzwe umutekano we (Bodyguards).
Madikizela-Mandela yagiye aha umugisha ibikorwa byo kwibasira abakekwagaho kuba ibyitso bya polisi n’abakoranaga na guverinoma ya apartheid, abashinzwe umutekano we bakaba baragiye bakora ibikorwa byo gushimuta abantu, bakabakorera iyicarubozo ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakabica.
Ubwicanyi bwabo butazibagirana ariko n’ubwo bakoreye umwana w’imyaka 14 witwa Stompei Sepei ndetse Winnie akaba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo kumushimuta.
Nelson Mandela yafunguwe ku itariki 11 Gashyantare 1990, ariko mu 1992 ntiyaba agishoboye kubana na Winnie ahari bitewe n’ukuntu yasanze yarahindutse, baza kubona gatanya mu 1996. Nk’umuntu wari ukomeye mu ishyaka ANC, Winnie Mandela yabonye imyanya muri guverinoma yasimbuye Apartheid, nubwo yaje kwirukanwa kubera ibyaha bya ruswa. Mu 2003 Winnie Mandela yaje guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubujura na Forode akurwa igihe gito mu mirimo ya politiki mbere yo gusubiramo muri za 2009.
Urugomo n’imanza z’ibyaha
Mu ijambo yavugiye muri Munsiville ku itariki 13 Mata 1986, Winnie Mandela yashyigikiye ibikorwa byo gutwika abantu ari bazima hakoreshejwe amapine yamenwemo lisansi, agira ati “ N’ibibiriti byacu no gutwika abantu kwacu ari bazima tuzabohoza igihugu cyacu.”
Ikintu cyarushijeho kumutera icyasha n’ubuhamya bw’uwari umurinzi we, Jerry Musivuzi Richardson n’abandi muri Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’Ubwiyunge, aho yemeje ko Winnie yategetse ishimuta n’ubwicanyi hagati muri za 80.
Gusubira Soweto na Mandela United Football Club kuva mu 1986 kugeza mu 1989
Winnie yasubiye muri Soweto aturutse Brandfort mu mpeza z’1985, arenze ku itegeko ryari ryahamuciye. Ubwo yari yaraciwe, UDF (United Democratic Front) na Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) byari byarashinze muvoma ngari zo kurwanya ivanguraruhu.
Bivugwa ko iyi miryango mishya yari yishingikirije cyane ku nzego zifata ibyemezo zihuriweho aho kwiringira umuntu ku giti cye. Winnie ariko yarahageze ahindura ibintu atangira kuyobora gisirikare ndetse atangira kwikwizaho abashinzwe umutekano we yise Mandela United Football Club (MUFC).
Aba basore bakinaga umupira w’amaguru babaga mu nzu ye, batangiye kujya bumva amakimbirane yo mu miryango ndetse bagaca imanza bagatanga n’ibihano, birangira batangiye kwivanga no mu bikorwa byo gushimuta, gukora iyicarubozo n’ubwicanyi. Winnie avugwaho kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bugera kuri 15 bwakozwe muri icyo gihe.
Mu 1988, nibwo urugo rwa Winnie Mandela rwatwitswe n’abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye muri Soweto bihorera ku bikorwa bya Mandela United Football Club. Mu 1989, nyuma y’ibirego by’abaturage na nyuma y’ishimutwa ry’umwana witwa Seipei w’imyaka 14, UDF yitandukanyije na Winnie imushinja guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.
ANC yakoreraga mu buhungiro na yo, yasohoye itangazo inenga ibikorwa bye nyuma y’aho yangiye gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yari yahawe avuye muri gereza yatanzwe na Mandela yo kwitandukanya na Mandela United Football Club.
Lolo Sono na Siboniso Shabalala
Mu Ugushyingo 1988, Lolo Sono w’imyaka 21 n’inshuti ye Siboniso Shabalala w’imyaka 19 baburiye muri Soweto. Se wa Sono yavuze ko yari yabonye umuhungu we muri Kombi ari kumwe na Winnie Mandela kandi yakubiswe bikomeye. Nyina wa Sono yavuze ko Winnie yari yise umwana we intasi kandi yari yavuze ko agiye kumujyana kure.
Imbere ya Komisiyo y’Ukuru n’Ubwiyunge, mukase wa Sono yaje kugira ati “ Ndasaba madamu Mandela uyu munsi, imbere y’Isi yose, turakwinginze madamu Mandela, dusubize umuhungu wacu. Niba yaranapfuye madamu Mandela aduhe ibisigazwa bye by’umuhungu wacu, tumushyingure mu cyubahiro,”
Imirambo ya Sono na Shabalala yaje gutabururwa mu irimbi rya Avalon muri Soweto mu 2013 bigizwemo uruhare n’itsinda ryari rishinzwe gushaka abantu babuze ry’Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru bw’Igihugu, aho byagaragaye ko bishwe batewe ibyuma.
Iyicwa rya Seipei na Asvat
Ku itariki ya 29 Ukuboza 1988, Jerry Richardson, wari umutoza wa Mandela United Football Club, yashimuse umwana w’imyaka 14, James Seipei ( wari uzwi nka Stompei Sepei), amushimutana n’abandi batatu bakuwe mu rugo rwa minitiri Paul Verryn, aho Richardson yavuze ko Winnie Mandela yategetse gushimuta aba bana kubera ko yakekaga ko uyu mu minisitiri yabakoreraga ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina (Ibirego ariko ngo bitari bifite ishingiro).
Aba bana ngo barakubiswe bikomeye kugirango bemere ko bakoreshwaga imibonano mpuzabitsina n’uyu mu minisitiri. Habaye imishyikirano yamaze iminsi igera ku 10 yagizwemo uruhare n’abayobozi bakuru muri ANC n’abandi bayobozi b’abaturage ngo aba bana barekurwe ariko biba iby’ubusa. Seipei yashinjwe guha amakuru inzego z’umutekano za guverinoma ya apartheid, umurambo we uza gusangwa watewe ibyuma mu ijosi ku itariki ya 6 Mutarama 1989.
Mu 1991, Winnie Mandela yahanaguweho ibyaha byose ariko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gushimuta Seipei. Umutangabuhamya w’ingenzi, Kayiza Cebekhulu, wagombaga kugaragaza ko Winnie yishe Sepei, yakorewe iyicarubozo ashimutirwa muri Zambia n’abashyigikiye Winnie mbere y’urubanza kugirango atazatanga ubuhamya. Igihano yari yahawe nacyo cyo gufungwa imyaka 6 cyaje kuvunjwamo amande nyuma yo kujurira.
Mu 1992, Winnie Mandela nabwo yashinjwe gutegeka iyicwa rya Abu Baker Asvat, wari inshuti y’umuryango ndetse n’umuganga uzwi muri Soweto wari wasuzumye Seipei mu rugo rwa Mandela nyuma yo gushimutwa ariko mbere y’uko yicwa.
Abishe Asvat batanze ubuhamya bashinja Winnie kuba yarabishyuye 8,000$ akanabaha imbunda yakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi bwabaye ku itariki 27 Mutarama 1989. Iburanisha ryaje kwimurwa nubwo byavugwaga ko abatangabuhamya barimo guterwa ubwoba ku mabwiriza ya Winnie.
Muri filimi mbarankuru yo mu 2017 ivuga ku buzima n’ibikorwa bya Winnie Mandela, Henk Heslinga wahoze ari umupolisi muri Soweto, yavuze ko uwahoze ari minisitiri w’umutekano, Sydney Mufamadi, yamutegetse kongera gufungura iperereza ku rupfu rwa Moeketsi, ndetse n’izindi dosiye zaregwagamo Winnie Mandela, agamije gushinja Winnie ubwicanyi.
Nk’uko Heslinga abivuga, Richardson yemeye mu kiganiro ko Moeketsi yavumbuye ko ari umuntu utanga amakuru, kandi ko yishe umwana kugira ngo apfukirane ibyo yakoze. Icyakora, mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru nyuma y’iminsi mike nyuma yo gushyingura Madikizela-Mandela, Mufamadi yahakanye ibivugwa muri iyo documentaire, avuga ko ibyo Helsinga yavuze ari ibinyoma.
Muri Mata 2018, Joyce Seipei nyina w’umwana Stompie Seipei, yabwiye itangazamakuru ko atigeze yizera ko Winnie Mandela yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’umuhungu we. Mu kindi kiganiro yagiranye na The Independent mu Bwongereza ariko, Joyce yavuze ko yababariye Winnie Mandela kandi ko ubwo bari imbere ya Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’ubwiyunge Winnie yamusabye imbabazi.
Bivugwa ko nyuma yo kuva imbere y’iyi komisiyo Winnie Mandela yahaye ubufasha bw’amafaranga umuryango wa Joyce Sepei, ndetse inzu y’iwabo wa Seipei yavuguruwe na ANC.
Ubuzima bwe mbere n’amashuri yize
Madikizela yavukiye mu giturage cya Mbongweni, Bizana, mu Ntara ya Pondoland, kuri ubu akaba ari Intara ya Cape y’Uburasirazuba. Ni umwana wa gatanu mu bana icyenda, barimo umuhungu umwe. Ababyeyi be, Columbus na Gertrude, wari ufite se w’umuzungu na nyina wo mu bwoko bwa Xhosa, bose bari abarimu. Columbus yari umwarimu w’amateka n’umuyobozi w’ikigo, mu gihe nyina Gertrude yari umwari wa siyansi. Gertrude yapfuye Winnie afite imyaka 9, bituma umuryango utatana kuko abavandimwe be boherejwe kuba muri benewabo batandukanye. Winnie ariko yaje kuba umuyobozi w’abandi bakobwa ku ishuri ryisumbuye yigagagaho.
Asoje aya mashuri yagiye I Johanneburg kwiga n’imirimo y’ibijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage muri Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work. Aha yahakuye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri mu 1956, hashize imyaka igera mu icumi abona indi mpamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’imibanire mpuzamahanga yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Witwatersrand.
Yakoze imirimo itandukanye mu bice bitandukanye by’icyari Bantustan muri Transkei, harimo no gukora muri Guverinoma ya Transkei, aba mu bice bitandukanye nka Bizana, Shawbury na Johannesburg. Akazi ka mbere yakoze n’ukuba ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu Bitaro bya Baragwanath muri Soweto.
Ubukwe bwe na Mandela
Winnie yahuye na Mandela wari umunyametegeko n’impirimbanyi iharanira uburenganzira bw’Abirabura mu 1957, ubwo uyu yari akiri umugabo wa Evelyn Mase. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 22 ahagaze ahantu hategerwa bus muri Stop ubwo Mandela yamurabukwaga bwa mbere agatangira kumutongoza bikarangira bemeranyije kuzasangira ibyo kurya mu cyumweru cyari gukurikira.
Aba baje gushyingirana mu 1958, babyarana abana babiri b’abakobwa barimo Zenani wavutse mu 1958 na Zindziwa wavutse mu 1960. Mandela yaje gutabwa muri yombi mu 1963 aza kurekurwa mu 1990. Mu myaka 38 wavuga ko aba bari umugore n’umugabo, babanye mu nzu imyaka 7 gusa kuko imyinshiMandela yayimaze muri gereza mbere yo gusohokamo bagatandukana mu 1992 nubwo babonye gatanya mu 1996 nk’uko twabivuze haruguru.
Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru yateye uku gutandukana nk’uko Mandela yabitangaje, harimo kumuca inyuma. Iyi gatanya Winnie yayisabagamo miliyoni zigera muri 5 z’Amadolari nka kimwe cya kabiri cy’umutungo yavugaga ko Mandela yari atunze ariko ubusabe bwe buteshwa agaciro ndetse ntiyirwa ajya kujurira.
Mu 1994 ubwo yabazwaga niba bishoboka ko bakongera kwiyunga, Winnie yatangaje ko atarimo kurwanira kuba umugore wa mbere mu gihugu, cyangwa se umugore wa pererezida. Winnie ariko yarinze apfa akirwanira inzu ya Mandela iri ahitwa Qunu, yavugaga ko amategeko ayimwemerera nubwo yatandukanye na Mandela.
Ikirego cye nabwo cyatewe utwatsi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Mthatha mu 2016, ndetse byavuzwe ko yiteguraga kujurira mu Rukiko rushinzwe kurengera Itegeko Nshinga ubwo yitabaga Imana nyuma yo gutsindwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Ubujurire muri Mutarama 2018.
Kurikira ibiganiro n’amavidewo binyura kuri Bwiza TV
