Perezida Mobutu nk’umusirikare w’urugamba wafashe ubutegetsi ku gatuza akayobora Zayire ku kandi, akabuvaho abandi bakamurushije, mu myaka yamaze ku buyobozi igera kuri 32 yararwanye urw’amasasu n’urwa politiki ari nako amaraso y’abana b’igihugu ameneka.
Amwe mu matariki atazibagirana mu mateka ya Congo ajyana n’ amateka y’ubuzima bwa Mobutu n’iby’urugamba rwe.
Kuva mu mwaka w’1957 Mobutu yari umunyamakuru, Muri icyo gihe abahagarariye ishyaka rya Lumumba ariryo Mouvement National Congolais (MNC) basaba ubwigenge bw’igihugu cyabo, baza i Buruseli mu nama, Mobutu akurikira iyo nama nk’umurwanashyaka waryo, hari mu kwezi kwa mbere, mu mwaka 1960, abarwa mu bagize izo ntumwa za MNC.
Mu mwaka wa 1960, Mobutu yabaye umunyamanaga wa Leta muri Guverinoma yigenga ya Patrice Lumumba. Agendeye ku bwumvikane buke bwari mu banyapoliki.
Nk’umwe mu bagaragaraga ko bahengamiye ku gice cya Lumumba, ndetse no kuba yari umusirikare byamufashije kuzamuka mu nzego za gisirikare agirwa umuyobozi wa Etat major ya gisirikare.
[xyz-ihs snippet=”google-pub”]
Uko Mobutu yatangiye ubugome no kwica bene wabo
Icyo gihe nk’umuyobozi wa Etat major, agendeye ku gitutu n’akagambane ka Ambasaderi w’Ububiligi muri Congo kubera ko atumvikanaga n’abakoloni bari bamufiteho ububasha, Mobutu yategetse ko bafata Lumumba amufungisha ijisho mu rugo iwe mu mwaka wa 1960.
Iyo kudeta ya Mobutu imuhesha agaciro mu mibanire ye n’Ababiligi bangaga urunuka Lumumba. Mobutu ahita ashyiraho Guverinoma y’igihe gito, igizwe n’abakomiseri.
Icyo gihe nibwo Mobutu yagiye imbere y’itangazamakuru ry’amahanga arega Lumumba ko afite amatwara ya gikominisiti, icyo gihe kuregwa kugendera ku matwara ya gikominisiti cyari icyaha gikomeye gihanishwa gupfa.
Lumumba abona ko ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga, ahungira mu mujyi wa Stanleyville ubu wita Katanga, aza gufatwa n’ingabo akiri mu nzira ataragerayo. Mobutu ahita amushyira mu buroko aho yakorewe iyicarubozo.
Nyuma, aza koherezwa mu gice cyayoborwaga na Moise Tshombe, aza kwicwa taliki ya 17/01/1961, umurambo we ujugunywa mu gisambu, nkuko byatangajwe na Leta.
Mobutu aba atangiye kwigaragaza atyo amena amaraso y’intwari y’igihugu, itariki itazibagirana mu mateka ya Afurika. Byagiye bitangazwa na benshi ko Patrice Lumumba yishwe ku kagambane k’Abanyamerika n’Ababirigi.
Nyuma y’uru rupfu rw’agashinyaguro rwa Patrice Emery Lumumba, uwitwa Mulele yatangije urugamba rwo kumuhorera, ashinga umutwe w’inyeshyamba zirwanya Mobutu, mu gihe gito nibwo zafashe bibiri bya gatatu bya Kongo.
Muri icyo gihe kandi nibwo Mobutu yatewe inkunga n’Abanyamerika bamufasha kugaba ibitero mu gihugu cyose. Iyo ntsinzi yagezeho bitoroshye, ituma Mobutu ahakura ishema ko ari umuntu ukunda amahoro, umuhuza w’abaturage bose ba Kongo.
Muri icyo gihe kandi mu kwezi kwa 8, 1961: Abasirikare ba Loni batangiye kwambura abasirikare b’Abanyakatanga imbunda. Ibyo byose bikitirirwa Mobutu.
Mu mwaka w’1964 nibwo Perezida Joseph Kasavubu yahaye Tshombe umwanya wa Patrice Lumumba (kuba Minisitiri wa mbere).
Nyuma yaho ubwo Mobutu yari amaze gushyira igisirikare cya Kongo ku murongo, taliki ya 24/11/1965, ategura kudeta ahirika Joseph Kasa-Vubu, Perezida wa mbere wa Kongo, yiba umugono iyo Leta biturutse ku makimbirane ya politiki yari hagati ya Perezida Kasavubu na guverinoma ya Moise Tshombe, aha naho hamenetse amaraso y’abatagira ingano.
Ubwo Mobutu yari amaze kwirenza Patrice Lumumba, anahiritse ku butegetsi Moise Tshombe yahindutse umwana mwiza ukunzwe na Leta nkoroni y’Ababiligi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bamushyira ku ibere.
Uku gushyirwa ku ibere na Amerika byaryaga cyane Uburusiya bwari bwimakaje amatwara ya gikominisiti, Mobutu yarinze apfa atarakandaguza ikirenge mu Burusiya.
Nyuma y’umwaka umwe afashe ubutegetsi, Mobutu yagaragaje ko nta mikino agira, taliki ya 2/6/1966, yiciye mu ruhame abaminisitiri 3 barimo n’uw’Intebe, bashinjwaga gucura umugambi wo gushaka guhirika Mobutu ku butegetsi.
[xyz-ihs snippet=”google-pub”]
Mu mwaka w’1969 nabwo hamenetse amaraso, ubwo abanyeshuli bo muri kaminuza bigaragambyaga bamagana ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, abishwe bahambwe mu cyobo kimwe abarokotse 12 bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.
Abandi banyeshuli bo muri iyo kaminuza bagera ku 2000, Mobutu yabinjije mu gisirikare ku ngufu avuga ko bagiye kwigishwa ikinyabupfura ariko agamije kubafungwa umunwa.
Mu mwaka w’1971, Mobutu yahinduye ibintu byinshi ndetse nawe ahindura izina rye, kuva icyo gihe abaturage bagenze gake gake Mobutu asinya amasezerano menshi ajyanye n’ubukungu,… bigeze mu 1982 ubukungu burazamba ubwo ruswa yavuzaga ubuhuha, birakomeza mu 1986-1990.
Mu 1989: Zayire yananiwe kuzuza amategeko agenga inguzanyo yari yahawe n’u Bubirigi. Ibi byatumye imirimo y’iterambere mu gihugu ihagarara ndetse n’ubutunzi bumera nabi cyane.
Ubwo intambara y’ubutita yari irangiye, nibwo ibihugu byarwanyaga impinduramatwara ya gikominisiti byari byaramushyize ku ibere byahagaritse inkunga, Mobutu atangira kudandabirana, mbese asigara yirwarira ari nabwo yongeye kubahukwa n’abanyapolitiki bakarishye barimo na Tshisekedi witabye Imana muri uku kwezi.
Mu 1990, nibwo Mobutu yemeye kurangiza ikibazo kijyanye n’amashyaka ya politike y’igihugu; ibi byatumye ashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’agateganyo (transition) ariko ntibyamubujije gusigarana ububasha mu butegetsi.
1991: Bikurikiranye n’imyigaragambyo y’abasirikare kubera kudahembwa i Kinshasa ku murwa mukuru, Mobutu yemeye gusangira ubutegetsi n’abamurwanyaga ariko agumana ububasha mu bijanye n’umutekano ndetse na zimwe mu ntebe zikomeye mu butegetsi. Iki gihe ni nabwo Mobutu yagize Etienne Tshisekedi Minisitiri w’Intebe atamugishije inama, arabyanga.
Mu mwaka w’1994, Mobutu yahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cyane, nyuma y’iyicwa rya mucuti we, Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana w’u Rwanda. Muri uwo mwaka Mobutu yafunguye amarembo abari abasirikare b’u Rwanda bahungirayo nyuma yo kuneshwa n’Inkotanyi ndetse n’izindi mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda maze ubukungu bwa Congo burazamba.
Rimwe mu makosa Mobutu ashinjwa gukora ashingiye ku bucuti yari afitanye na Perezida Habyarimana w’u Rwanda, n’ubu rikaba rikigira ingaruka ku bihugu byombi, ni uko guhera muri Kamena 1994, benshi mu bari bamaze gukora Jenoside mu Rwanda barimo Interahamwe, Impuzamugambi, Inzirabwoba na benshi mu bari bagize Leta y’Abatabazi bahungiye muri Zaire, binjira muri iki gihugu bitwaje intwaro.
Muri iyi myaka ya za 90, imbaraga n’amashagaga bya Mobutu byari bitangiye kugabanyuka hanaziramo uburwayi, mu 1996-97: Mu gihe Mobutu yari hanze kwivuza, nibwo igihugu cyatewe n’abari bayobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila.
Muri Kamena 1997: Umujyi wa Kinshasa wafashwe n’abarwanyaga Mobutu bari bayobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila, uyu mwaka nawo wabaye uw’amaraso ku bana ba Zayire.
Tariki ya 7 Nzeli 1997, Mobutu aba arapfuye afite imyaka 66, agwa muri Maroc aho yari yaragiye kwivuza kanseri yari yarafashe imwe mu myanya myibarukiro, apfa isasu rivuza ubuhuha mu gihugu cye.
Muri uyu mwaka nibwo izina rya Zayire ryahinduwe Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ari nabwo Kabila yahise aba perezida akoresheje imbaraga gusa nawe nyuma y’imyaka 4 yishwe arashwe n’umwe mu basirikare bamurindaga.
Kanda hano ujye ubona amakuru yihuse kandi kugihe kuri Facebook no kuri twitter
Itangishatse Théoneste/Bwiza.com
