Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) rwashyizweho n’Akanama k’Amahoro n’Umutekano ka Loni mu ngingo yako ya 995 yo kuwa 08/11/1994, nyuma y’amezi 4 gusa ingabo zari iza FPR-Inkotanyi zirangajwe imbere na Perezida Kagame zibohoje u Rwanda.
Uru rukiko rwahawe ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibyaha by’itsembabwoko n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu gihe cy’umwaka wose, uhereye kuwa 01 Mutarama 1994 kugeza kuwa 31 Ukuboza 1994, icyicaro cyarwo gishyirwa Arusha mu gihugu cya Tanzania.
Urubanza rwa mbere rwaburanishijwe n’uru rukiko hagati ya 1997 n’1998, rwari ururegwamo Jean Paul Akayezu, wari Burugumesitiri w’icyahoze ari Komini Taba mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Yafatiwe i Lusaka muri Zambia mu 1995. Urukiko rukaba rwaramukatiye igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi basaga 2000 bari bahungiye mu biro bya komini yayoboraga.
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Urubanza rwa nyuma rwaciwe ni urwaregwagamo, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, wahoze ari minisitiri w’iterambere ry’umuryango, akaba ari nawe mugore rukumbi waburanishijwe n’uru rukiko rudasanzwe rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rumukatira gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose nyuma arajurira agabanyirizwa igihano kigera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 47 kimwe n’umuhungu we, Arsene Shalom Ntahobari.
Mu myaka 20 uru rukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho kuburanisha abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, rwohereje impapuro zo guta muri yombi abantu 93. Imanza z’abantu 85 zararangiye, abagera kuri 62 barimo uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe muri guverinoma y’inzibacyuho mu 1994, Jean Kambanda, bakatiwe ibihano. Uyu we akaba yaranemeye uruhare rwe muri jenoside akatirwa gufungwa burundu, aho kuri ubu afungiye muri gereza yo muri Mali, mu gihe abandi bantu 23 boherejwe kurangiriza ibihano byabo mu bindi bihugu.
Muri aba harimo batatu boherejwe mu Rwanda, barimo Jean Bosco Uwinkindi, abandi babiri boherezwa mu Bufaransa, mu gihe abandi 10 bagitegereje ibihugu byabakira ngo abe ari ho bazarangiriza ibihano.
Usibye aba bakiriho, abandi umunani bapfiriye mu maboko y’uru rukiko, barimo babiri bapfuye imanza zabo zitararangira. Abandi 23 kandi barangije ibihano byabo, biyongeraho abandi 14 bagizwe abere bararekurwa.
Mu barangije ibihano bakatiwe n’urukiko ndetse n’abahanaguweho ibyaha, haracyari 11 kuri ubu bakiba i Arusha muri Tanzania mu nzu irindwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye aho bivugwa ko usibye imiryango n’inshuti zabo basa nk’abibagiranye nk’uko byemezwa n’Ijwi rya Amerika.
Imiryango y’aba baba Arusha imwe iri mu bihugu byo mu Burayi indi iri muri Afurika, ariko ibyo bihugu byanze kubakira nabo banga gusubira mu Rwanda. Aba bagabo barimo abasirikare n’abanyapolitiki ndetse n’uwahoze ari minisitiri wo gutwara abantu n’ibintu, Andre Ntagerura, bakaba bavuga ko bifuza kwegera imiryango yabo ikabafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe ariko ngo mu Rwanda ntibashaka kuhajya, aho umwe muri aba yanavuze ko hari ibihugu bimwe bidatinya no kubabwira ko bitifuza kwiteranya n’u Rwanda kubera umubano bifitanye.
Nubwo bimeze gutyo, mu mpera z’umwaka ushize babiri muri aba; Casimir Bizimungu na Sylvain Nsabimana bakiriwe n’igihugu cya Ghana. Bizimungu akaba yari amaze imyaka 4 urukiko rumukuyeho ibyaha. Mu iburanisha rya mbere, Bizimungu wigeze kuba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga yari yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25, aza kujurira urukiko ruramurekura.
Naho Sylvain Nsabimana wahoze ari Perefe wa Butare, we yarekuwe mu mpera z’umwaka ushize wa 2016 nyuma y’aho yari yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 18 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ariko kuko yari arengeje iyo myaka afunze, arekurwa.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakunze kujya inengwa icibwa ry’urubanza ry’aba bagize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko irushaho bitewe n’abantu bagiye barekurwa abandi bakagabanyirizwa ibihano. Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG, ikaba yaramaganye icyemezo cyo kurekura abo yita abicanyi ivuga ko ari bo bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwasoje imirimo yarwo mu 2015, hakiri abantu 8 bagishakishwa. Urwego rwashyiriweho kurangiza imanza zasigaye (Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals)rukaba ruvuga ko kugeza ubu rukibashakisha ku Isi yose.
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Dennis Ns./Bwiza.com
