Ikaze na none mu nkuru z’uruhererekane zivuga ku mateka y’intambara na za operasiyo za gisirikare zagiye zandika amateka atandukanye muri iyi si ya Rurema.
Nkuko twabijeje ko tuzabazanira igice cya 2 cy’Intambara yitiriwe iminsi 6 yahuje Abarabu n’Igihugu cya Israel mu 1967 dore rero icyo gice ngiki cyahasesekaye!
Aba Swahili baca umugani bati “Ahadi ni deni “ bisobanuye ngo “Isezerano ni nk’umwenda” nka Bwiza.com, ikinyam akuru mukunda kandi mukurikira muri benshi twahaserukanye ishema ngo tubahe Igice cya 2 cy’iyo ntambara.
Mu gice cya mbere twarebeye hamwe uko intambara nyirizina n’imyiteguro yayo byagenze, kugeza ku munsi wa mbere nindi mike yakurikiyeho y’urugamba rwari ikotaniro.
Abarabu bari bariye karungu barangajwe imbere na Misiri, Syria, Yordania Irak na Liban.
Muri icyo gice ariko usanga nta na hamwe ibihugu nka Syria na Yordania byagaragaye,burya ntibyatewe na kabarankuru wibeshye ahubwo uko uru rugamba rwari rupanze ntibyemereraga umwanditsi kuganisha ku nkuru z’aya mahanga yombi, kuko twari tuyazigamiye uyu munsi by’umwihariko.
Twabagejejeho uko urugamba rwari rwifashe mu gace Israel yahanagaho imbibi na Misiri mu butayu bwa Sinai y’Epfo, hagana ku nyanja itukura no ku Kigobe cya Aqaba ndetse no ku mwinjiro w’inyanja wo ku Nyanja itikura uri ku Cyambu cya Tiran.
Aha ni hahandi Misiri yari imaze iminsi ifungiye amato y’ Abaheburayo iyabuza gusunutsa utuzuru ku mazi magari mpuzamahanga,ikintu cyabaye nko gukora intare ishonje mu jisho!
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Rwarambikanye rubura gica, aba Commandants bakomeye bo mu ngabo za Israel nka Major General Ariel Sharon bahandikira izina wari uyoboye imirwano muri ako gace kose k’Amajyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sinai.
Gen. Major Israel Tal na Col. Gonen bo bari bayogoje akarere ka Sinai ya ruguru hagana kuri Gaza no kuri Khan Yunis yewe na Rafah .
Iby’urugamba rwa Abu-Ageila nabyo tubisanga muri icyo gice cyaryoheye benshi bakanadusaba kwihutisha iki kindi tugiye kubagezaho.
Muri iki gice kandi niho twabonye Operation Focus yakozwe n’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Israel kuri Cairo ku munsi wa mbere w’intambara , aho Israel yibasiye ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Misiri birimo n’indege zayo zose z’intambara ikazitwika n’aba pilotes basaga 100 bazo ikabahindura umuyonga.
- Imirwano ikaze mu karere ka West Bank ugana Yeruzalemu y’iburasizazuba
Kugirango twumve ibintu neza biradusaba kubanza kumenya imiterere y’imipaka ya Israel ho gato.
Ubusanzwe Israel ihana imbibi n’ibihugu bya Yordania , Palestine [ hafi na Yeruzalemu ], Misiri na Saudi Arabia ahagana hepfo .
Mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bwa Israel hari inyanja ya Mediterrannee n’agace k’Abarabu ka Gaza .
Noneho ariko mu Majyaruguru nyayo hari igihugu cya Syria na Liban kandi byari umwanzi karahabutaka wa Israel .
Akarusho kuru rugamba ni uko nk’uko twabivuze mbere, ibi bihugu cyangwa aya merekezo ubwayo yari afite umwihariko w’uko ariho hantu honyine washoboraga guturuka ukaba wakwigarurira imirwa mikuru ya Israel nka Tel-Aviv kuko yubatse hafi na Liban ndetse na Yerusalemu si kure yaho.
Yeruzalemu nayo ntiyari kure kuko nka Yordania yo yahakozagaho imitwe y’intoki ahagana muri West Bank.
Iyi West Bank ku bakoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa niyo izwi nka Cisjordanie. Namwe murabizi ko intambara zose ziba zishaka kwibasira umurwa mukuru kandi iyo washegeshe umurwa mukuru ahandi uba wahafashe.
Tel-Aviv niwo murwa mukuru w’ubukungu wa Israel mu gihe Yeruzalemu ariwo murwa mukuru wa Politiki nubwo bikigibwaho impaka mu rwego mpuzamahanga .
1.1 Ikinyoma gikomeye cya Gamal Abdel Nasser Perezida wa Misiri yabeshye umwami Hussein wa Yordania ku munsi wa mbere
Ubusanzwe kubera Yordania ituranye n’umujyi wa Yeruzalemu ahabarizwa Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Israel, byasaga naho umwami Hussein wa Yordania yaba arusha amakuru y’ukuri kw’ibintu ibindi bihugu by’Abarabu bari kumwe muri uru rugamba !
Nkuko twababwiye ku munsi wa mbere Israel irasa Cairo ubwo Radars za Misiri zitamenyaga ibyabaye ,Yordania niyo yaburiye Misiri ko indege za Israel zije gukora akantu kabone nubwo Misiri itabihaye agaciro kubera kwiyemera.
Gusa kubera Perezida wa Misiri Nasser atifuzaga ko abaje kumufasha urugamba bacika intege yabeshye icya Semuhanuka mugenzi we wa Yordania ko indege ari bubone mu Kirere cya Yeruzalemu ziza kuba ari iza Misiri zije kurimbura Yeruzalemu!
Byahe byo kajya ko izo ndege zari iza Israel zari zitabarutse zivuye gutwika Cairo mu Misiri aho Nasser yategekaga .
Ubwo Abayahudi bishimiraga ko Ingabo zabo zari zitabarukanye intsinzi , abanya Yordania nabo bitereye hejuru bararirimba bishimira indege babonaga bagirango ni iza Misiri kubera Misiri yababeshye ko ariyo iteye Yeruzalemu maze biba agatogo.
Kuva ubwo Umwami Hussein yahise ategeka Ingabo za Yordania kujya kwunganira izo yibeshyaga ko ari indege za Misiri mu ntambara yo kubutaka byahe byo kajya ko Misiri yari baringa nta n’indege n’imwe yari isigaranye zose zari zahinduwe umuyonga na Israel Air Force !
Uko indege za Israel zakoraga akarasisi k’intsinzi mu kirere cya Yeruzalemu, Ingabo za Yordania nazo habe no kureba amabendera yazo zari zashyekewe n’ikinyoma cya Nasser wa Misiri, diri diri na Yeruzalemu ngo zigiye kuyihindura ako ifundi ihindura ibivuzo!
Ingabo za Israel zari ziryamiye amajanja zitegereje imbarutso gusa kuri urwo rugerero, aha kandi niho hari imitwe kabuhariwe ya ba mudahusha bari biteguye kurinda Yeruzalemu kandi bambariye urugamba bitigeze bibaho mu mateka ya Israel!
Namwe mwibaze ahantu hari metero gusa kugirango ugere aho ubutegetsi bwa Israel bukorera kandi byari byatangiye kunugwanugwa ko Misiri yohereje imitwe y’Ingabo zitabarika kugaba ibitero ziturutse ku butaka bwa Yordania kuko iki gihugu cya Yordania nta gisirikare gikaze cyari gifite cyabasha kwigereraza Ingaboza Israel.
Mu rukerera ahagana saa 09h30 ku itariki ya 05 Gashyantare 1967 nyine ubwo uruganba rwari rwanzitse nibwo imirwano ikaze yatangiye maze bya Muzinga bya Yordania ibi bizwi nka Mortier [ Mortars ] birasana ku mupaka wa Israel na Yordania ,ahantu binavugwa ko imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa Recoiless zahakoze akazi ku ruhande rwa Yordania.
Ku mategeko ya General Narkis wari umuntu w’umuhanga mu bya gisirikare ari nawe wari ushinzwe kurinda Yeruzalemu yatanze amabwiriza yo kudasubiza Yordania n’ibibunda bya rutura mu rwego rwo kutica abaturage b’abasivili bari batuye mu gace ka Yeruzalemu bita Akarere Gatagatifu cyangwa se Old City.
Asaba ko abasirikare bakoresha utubunda duto batesha umutwe ingabo za Yordania.
Saa 10h00 zuzuye nibwo Yordania yakajije umurego Israel ihita ifata umwanzuro wo gukora urukuta rw’imbunda za karahabutaka Long Tom Canons 155 mm maze Israel ifungura umuriro mu rwego rwo kubuza ko imidugudu y’Abayahudi yibasirwa n’ibi bitero bya Yordania cyane ko uretse na Yeruzalemu na Tel-Aviv yari imaze gusogongera ku muriro bwa mbere.
Ibigo bya gisirikare bya Israel nka Ramat David Airbase byari bimaze kuraswaho urufaya rw’amasasu.
Saa 10h30 Minisitiri w’Intebe Eshkol wa Israel yoherereje ubutumwa umwami Hussein abunyujije kuri Odd Bill wari ukuriye itsinda rya Loni muri ako gace ko akwiye kwitonda ntiyisuke mu ntambara agendeye ku binyoma bya Misiri ko kandi niyikura mu ntambara Israel itari burwane nawe ihera ko imureka, ko natitonda Israel iri bumurase akumirwa.
Umwami Hussein wa Yordania yashubije Israel ati :“ Mwarakererewe kubinsaba amazi yamaze kurenga inkombe iyo muza kumenya kare ko tuzabashegesha ntimuba mutangiye gutakamba”!
Saa 11hh15 Ibibunda karahabutaka bya Yordania byahise birasa ama bombes 6000 ako kanya kuri Yeruzalemu nko guhumbya .
Muri uku kurasa Yeruzalemu hibanzwe ahantu hakomeye nko ku musozi wa Scopus na Kibbutz Ramat Rachel mu Majyaruguru ya Yeruzalemu.
Izi bombes kandi uko ari 6000 ntizarebeye izuba inzu Minisitiri w’Intebe yari atuyemo i Yeruzalemu, Yordania ishaka agahanga ke, ikintu cyabaye nk’igikangura Israel ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Knesset [ Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Israel ] iba iteweho ibisasu karahava, dore urugamba ureke bya bindi bya Sinai twavugaga abantu bakagirango ni amakabyankuru !
Mu minota 35 yonyine hari hamaze kugwa abaturage 20 abandi 1000 barakomereka ndetse na bimwe mu Bitaro bikomeye byo muri Yeruzalemu byitwa Hadash Ein Kerem Hospital byari bimaze gusenywa n’ibi bombes bya Yordania, inzu 900 zari zimaze gushyirwa hasi.
1.2 Ingabo za Irak mu rugamba rwa Yeruzalemu inkundura yo gusibanganya Israel no kwigarurira Yeruzalemu yari irimbanije
Saa 11h50 Indege z’intambara za Yordania zo mu bwoko bwa Hawker Hunters ziri kumwe niza Irak zafashe ikirere zogoga ijuru rya Israel maze zirasa ibigwate bya Israel bya Netanya , Kfar Sirkin na Kfar Saba umuriro uraka karahava.
Tu-16 za Irak zarashe bikomeye agace ka Afula hafi n’ikibaya cya Megiddo ahantu hanaguye abasirikare 16 ba Israel barasiwe mu ndege yabo yo mu bwoko bwa Tupolev Transporter barimo.
- Inama y’abaminisitiri ya Israel yahise iterana igitaraganya ibonye ko aho bukera Yeruzalemu ishobora gufatwa
Guhera ubwo Israel yahise ifata umwanzuro wo kwagura ibirindiro Israel ikareka gucunga agace ka Yeruzalemu y’Uburengerazuba gusa ahubwo Yeruzalemu igafatwa yose igahurizwa hamwe .
Bwana Yigal Allon na Manahem Begin bari bayoboye iyi nama barishimye cyane bati “Ibi Yordania n’Abarabu muri rusange bakoze biduhaye uburyo bwo kubereka ko nahariya barasira bya muzinga hari ahacu nonaha tuhafate tuhagarure” kabone nubwo ari ikintu birindaga cyane.
Iki cyemezo ariko cyakuruye impaka nubwo imirwano yari ikaze kugeza aho uwitwa Eshkol avugiye ko nta cyo yakora Moshe Dayan na Yitzhak Rabin bo batari bari muri iyi nama ntacyo babivuzeho.
Commandant Uzi Narkiss uyu akaba ari nawe witirirwa utubunda tuzwi nka Uzi Guns yahise atanga umushinga wo kurasa Abarabu ku butaka ingabo zikabinjiramo ariko Moshe Dayan akomeza kwanga.
2.1 Ingabo za Israel aho zibadukiye haciye uwambaye dore isasu nanjye nkaba umuntu ! [ Kurikira intambara muri West Bank]!
Saa 12h30 ku isaha ya Yeruzalemu, Israel yari imaze kwanzura kurasa Abarabu no gusenya ikitwa ibirindiro byabo bidasubiraho nyuma yo kubadebekera no kwihisha Abarabu bakagirango Aba Israel baneshejwe!
Guhera ubwo Ingabo za Israel zirwanira mu kirere zahise zigaba ibitero ku bigo by’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere bya Yordania .
Mu gihe nk’icyo guhumbya Israel n’indege zayo za gisirikare zari zimaze gusenya za Radars z’Ingabo za Yordania, zisenya ibibuga indege zigurukiraho n’iminara yifashishwa kuyobora indege [ Control Towers ] hamwe na za ndege za Yordania zose izigera kuri 21 ziratwikwa hamwe na Kajugujugu za Yordania mu mirwano yanahanuwemo indege ya Israel imwe.
Ubwo Indege za Israel zahise zigaba ibitero muri Irak zihasenya indege z’Intambara za Irak zo mu bwoko bwa MiG 21 zisaga 12 ,indege 5 zo mu bwoko bwa Hunters F16 ndetse na MiG -17s 2.
Israel kandi yifashishije ibitwaro bya Missiles L yabashije gusibanganya za mbunda zahoze zirasa kuri Yeruzalemu ,izi Missiles zikaba zari zimaze kwoherezwa n’Ubufaransa mu ibanga.
Kuva ubwo kandi Ingabo za Israel zatikije imbaga y’abasirikare bo muri Brigade ya 40 ba Yordania bari berekeje ku kiraro cya Damiya, bararaswa n’ibikoresho byabo byari bitwawe n’amakamyo 26 byose bihindurwa umuyonga.
Ingabo za Yordania zariye karungu zinjira ku gituza muri Yeruzalemu zigota Inzu Governoma ya Israel ikoreramo ubwo urugamba ruhindura isura.
Ingabo za Loni zabaga hafi aho zikoreye amaboko zireba uko ruhinana ijisho ku rindi iryinyo ku rindi dore urugamba ngo rurambikana!
Lieutenant Colonel Asher Dreizin wari uyoboye umutwe wa 161 Reserve Battalion yahawe misiyo yo kwica ingabo zose za Yordania zari zagose inzu guverinoma ikoreramo akoresheje aba paracommandos bamanukira mu myobo y’indaki ingabo za Yordania zari zacukuye maze baniganiranamo karahava.
Ibifaru 8 yari afite byaramutengushye birapfa we na Kompanyi 2 yari ayoboye hafi aho Ramat Rachel barananirwa ariko Yordania ikomeza kwihagaraho.
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Iyi mirwano yamaze amasaha 4 ikaze aho abasirikare ba Dreizin 10 bari bamaze gukomereka abandi 100 ba Yordania bakomeretse nabo nyamara General Odd Bill wayoboraga Ingabo za Loni hafi aho abwira Ingabo za Israel ko Ingabo za Yordania zamaze gukuramo akarenge kera zikerekera Bethlehem hakurya.
Lieutenant Colonel Dreizen yahasize amateka cyane ko ngo yaharwanaga yanakomeretse yanze kuhava atahabohoje mpaka arangije kuhasukura neza ngo abona kujya kwivuza.
Mu ntambara zikaze Ingabo za Israel zigizwe na Haler Brigade hamwe na 163 Infantry Brigade zashoboye kongera kubohoza Yeruzalemu yari yamaze kugotwa n’Abarabu ndetse zamaze no gufata igice cya Yeruzalemu mbere hose zitagenzuraga uhereye Hebron ukageza Bethlehem .
Aba Commandos 600 baturutse mu Misiri baje guha umusada Yordania batejemo bataka Ingabo za Israel bajijishije baca ruhinga nyuma binjirira mu midugudu ya Ramla na Hatzor bayobowe n’abashumba b’abanya Yordania, Israel iba yabaciye iryera ihita ihitanamo 450 abacitse ku icumu birukira ku butaka bw’aho bari bateye baturuka.
Israel yakomeje urugamba ifata akarere ka Nablus irakomeza na Yeriko hamwe na 71st Battalion yo mu Ngabo za Israel gusa uku gufatwa kwa Yerusalemu y’Iburasirazuba kwakomezaga guhangayikisha ubutegetsi bwa Yerusalemu bwatinyaga ko amahanga yasakuza akababa yafatira ibihano Israel ariko nta kundi byari kugenda.
Moshe Dayan aho amariye kumva ko aho bukera Loni iri butangaze ibihano kuri Israel ku kwigarurira aka gace yasabye abasirikare barwanira mu Kirere kugafata kose n’inkengero zako bigaca iyo byagaciye.
Ku itariki ya 07 Kanama uyu muji wa Yeruzalemu wose wari umaze kwigarurirwa na Israel .
3.Urugamba rusoza rwo muri Golan bya Syria haje kwigarurirwa na Israel !
Nshuti basomyi mukurikiye iby’uru rugamba rw’iminsi 6 rwabaye agatangaza hagati ya Israel n’Abarabu ,uwavuga intambara yamaze iminsi 6 mu minota ingana gutya ntibyakoroha!
Twavuze Sinai, tuvuga Yeruzalemu na West Bank ,ubu tugannye ahagana ku mupaka wa Syria tutari butinde ariko habaye aho abagabo!
Uko Yeruzalemu yasumbirijwe na Yordania ariko Misiri ishyiramo ko irimo gutsinda urugamba kugirango itere akanyabugabo abafatanyarugamba bayo ,kwa kundi byagendekeye Yordania igendeye ku binyoma bya Misiri ni nako Syria yadutse maze si ukurasa Israel karahava.
Ikibaya cya Gallilee indege za Syria z’intambara zagihase umuriro. Ubwo indege z’intambara za Israel zihanuramo iza Syria 3 ku ntangiriro.
Indege 2 za Liban zo mu bwoko bwa Hawker Hunter nazo ziba ziteyemo Gallilee ihinduka isibaniro, Israel isaturamo imwe.
Ingabo za Syria zamanutse n’ibifaru zijya gufata agace ka Tel Dan na She’ar Yashuv zicamo umu ofisiye wa Israel ahita ahasiga ubuzima.
Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Israel zakoze iyo bwabaga zigota ibifaru bya Syria zibisunika gahoro gahoro mu mugezi wa Yorodani zibyibizamo birabura.
Israel kuwa 05 Kanama 1967 yahise igaba ibitero kuri Damascus umurwa mukuru wa Syria isenya indege zayo 32 zo mu bwoko bwa MiG 21s itwika MiG-15 na MiG-17 zo mu ngabo za Syria 23 kuva ubwo Syria yahise ivumbura ko Misiri yayibeshye nkuko yabeshye Yordania ko Israel itakigira agatege.
3.1 Impaka muri Leta ya Israel niba bagomba kwigarurira ibitwa bya Golan byari ku butaka bwa Syria hahanamiye igihugu cya Israel
Ku matariki ya 07-08 Kanama 1967 Ubutegetsi bwa Israel bwagiye impaka ku cyakorerwa Golan.
Moshe Dyan yatangarije bagenzi be ko nibatera Syria hari ikibazo cyuko Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti ziri bwinjire mu ntambara ikaba yaba mbi cyane.
Minisitiri w’Intebe, Eshkol hamwe na General David Elazar wari ushinzwe akarere Golan iherereyemo muri Etat-Major ya Israel ariko bo si ko babibonaga na mba .
Mossad bya Biro by’Iperereza bya Israel kandi byaje gukandagira amakuru yuko Misiri yaburiye Syria ko yamanika amaboko kuko ishyamba atari ryeru .
Saa 03h00 za mu gitondo kuwa 09 Kanama 1967 Syria yarayamanitse isaba ko imirwano yahagara.
Moshe Dayan abonye ko habura amasaha 7 ngo isaha yo guhagarika imirwano yicokemo yahise atanga amabwiriza rwihishwa ko ibitwa bya Golan byose n’imisozi ihanamiye ikibaya cya Gallilea n’umugezi wa Yorodani bihita bifatwa ako kanya maze imirwano ikaza guhagarikwa bamaze gufata ubwo butaka bwa Syria.
Golan yarwaniyemo abasirikare ba Syria 75.000 mu ma Brigades 9 naho Israel yo yaje kurwana na za Brigades 8 zirwanisha ibifaru hamwe na Brigade yitwa Golani.
Mu masaha 2 yonyine Colonel Albert Mandler wari uyoboye 8th Armoured Brigade yari amaze gufata ibice by’ingenzi bya Golan hafi ya byose uko byakabaye kuwa 09 Kanama 1967 habura umunsi 1 ngo intambara ihagarare.
Ku itariki ya 10 Kanama 1967 saa 08h30 za mu gitondo impinga za Golan zari zisesekawemo n’ aba Commandos ba Peled’s Unity yo mu ngabo za Israel ariko basanga Ingabo za Syria zagiye kera.
- Intsinzi y’Ingabo za Israel mu minsi 6 zamaze zirwana umuhenerezo n’amahanga y’Abarabu
Nyuma y’iminsi 6 y’intambara zikaze ku mpembe 3 arizo Sinai , West Bank na Golan,Igisirikare cya Israel byarangiye gitsinze ingabo z’Abarabu zari zarahuruye n’iyonka.
Ibihugu nka Syria, Misiri ,Yordania ,Irak na Liban biba bitsinzwe gutyo.
Kuva ubwo Israel yahise yitwaza intsinzi yayo yigarurira ubutaka bw’Abarabu na n’ubu yanze kubusubiza.
Uretse agace ka Sinai Israel yashubijeho Misiri ariko ahandi muri West Bank na n’ubu Israel iracyahafite hamwe na bya bitwa byo mu misozi ya Golan byambuwe Syria na nubu Israel yanze kuharekura na magingo aya.
Tubibutse ko iy ntambara yahanganishije abasirikare 240.000 ku ruhande rw’Abarabu n’abagera ku 100.000 bo ku ruhande rwa Israel.
Israel yapfushijemo abasirikare bagera kuri 776 hakomereka 4.517 abandi 15 bafatwa mpiri n’ingabo z’Abarabu.
Misiri yahatakarije abasirikare 25.000 abandi 4.338 bafatwa mpiri na Israel ku ruhande rwayo yonyine.
Yordania yo yahatakarije abasoda 6000 abandi 533 bafatwa mpiri. Syria yapfushije 2500 abandi 591 bafatwa mpiri mu gihe Irak yapfushije 10 hagakomereka 30.
Liban yo yahatakarije indege zayo gusa mu ntambara yatikije ibifaru 400 bya Israel naho Abarabu bakahatakariza ibijya kungana gutyo nabo.
KANDA HANO USOME IGICE CYA MBERE:
Ubutaha tuzabajyezaho iby’intambara hagati ya Idi Amin wayoboraga Uganda na Tanzania yayoborwaga na Mwalimu Yulius Nyerere. Izaba ari inkuru iryoshye ntimuzacikwe. Ni akagaruka!
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Yandiswe na Marshall Eugene David /Bwiza.com
