Urwego mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho gukora imirimo y’insigarira y’inkiko mpanabyaha (IRMCT), rukurikirana abashinjwa ibyaha by’intambara, jenoside n’ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu, rumaze imyaka myinshi rushakisha bamwe mu Banyarwanda bakekwaho kugira uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Hari abo rwataye muri yombi nyuma y’iperereza rwakoze nka Kabuga Felicien wafatiwe mu Bufaransa mu 2020, hari n’abo rwemeje bidasubirwaho ko bapfuye nka Protais Mpiranya wabaga muri Zimbabwe na Munyarugarama Phénéas rwatangaje kuri uyu wa 18 Gicurasi 2022 ko amaze imyaka 20 apfiriye muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo.
Nyuma yo kwemeza ko Munyarugarama wabaye Komanda w’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gako, IRMCT ivuga ko ubu isigaranye ku rutonde Abanyarwanda bane batorotse ubutabera ishinzwe gushakisha. Yagize iti: “Abantu bane batorotse ubutabera ubu ni bo bagishakishwa na IRMCT: Fulgence Kayishema, Charles Sikubwabo, Charles Ryandikayo na Aloys Ndimbati.”
Hashyizweho igihembo cy’amadolari ya Amerika miliyoni 20 (arenga miliyari 19 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda) azahabwa umuntu cyangwa abantu bazatanga amakuru atuma bafatwa. Buri wese yashyiriweho miliyoni 5 z’amadolari.
Ni bantu ki?
Bizimana Augustin
Bizimana Augustin yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Komine ya Gituza muri Prefecture ya Byumba mu 1954. Ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana Juvénal, Bizimana yabaye Minisitiri w’Ingabo mu 1993 kugeza mu 1994.
Akurikiranweho kugira uruhare mu itegurwa ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1994. Muri icyo gihe, Bizimana Augustin avugwaho kuba yarateguye akanitabira inama zo kunoza umugambi wa jenoside, gutanga ibikoresho (intwaro) no kugenzura uburyo ubwicanyi bwakorwaga muri Prefecture zitandukanye.
Mu 1994, Bizimana yarahunze ava mu Rwanda, akaba yarashakishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), rwashyikirije dosiye ye Urukiko rwa ONU rushinzwe gukurikirana abanyabyaha, IRM (International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals)
Kayishema Fulgence
Kayishema yavukiye muri Komine ya Kivumu muri Prefecture ya Kibuye mu 1961. Yari ashinzwe urwego rw’ubutabera rwa polisi muri Kavumu.
Kayishema afatanyije n’abarimo Meya wa Kavumu, bateguye inama zitandukanye maze bakusanyiriza muri Kiliziya ya Nyange abatutsi bageraga ku 2000 bari bahungiye mu nkambi zitandukanye muri iyi komine. Bahaye Interahamwe amavuta yo gutwikisha iyi kiliziya ndetse aba ‘Gendarmes’ n’abapolisi ba komine bahamisha amagerenade, abari mu rusengero baricwa.
ICTR yakuriranyeho Kayishema icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano nayo. Mu 2007 Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa ICTR yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko urukiko rwakohereza dosiye ye imbere y’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, byemewa muri Gashyantare 2012, bishyirwa mu ngiro muri Werurwe.
Ndimbati Aloys
Ndimbati yavukiye muri Komine ya Gisovu muri Prefecture ya Kibuye muri za 50 (1950). Yabaye Bourgmestre wa Gisovu kuva mu 1990, mu bubasha yari afite ashinjwa gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside muri iyi Prefecture, ubuzima bw’abatutsi babarirwa mu 10,000.
Mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga muri Kibuye, abatutsi bahungiye mu misozi yo mu Bisesero, Ndimbati n’abarimo Charles Sikubwabo bataha amabwiriza Interahamwe, Gendarmes ndetse n’abapolisi ya Komine yo guhiga aba batutsi bari bahunze.
Ndimbati yahunze mu 1994, ICTR imukurikiranaho icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano nayo mu 1996. Mu 2002, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya, zatangaje ko zishaka Ndimbati, zishyiraho n’aya mafaranga yo guha umuntu uzatanga amakuru atuma afatwa. Mu 2012, ICTR yashyikirije u Rwanda dosiye ya Ndimbati.
Sikubwayo Charles
Sikubwayo yavukiye muri Komine ya Gishyita muri Prefecture ya Kibuye muri za 40 (1940). Yabaye umusirikare mu ngabo za leta yo ku bwa Habyarimana (Ex-FAR) ndetse aba Bourgmestre wa Gishyita kuva mu 1993 kugeza mu 1994.
Sikubwayo ashinjwa kugira uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Prefecture ya Kibuye kuva tariki ya 9 Mata 1994 kugeza muri Kamena 1994. We n’abarimo Ryandikayo bategetse ba Gendarmes, abapolisi ndetse n’Interahamwe guhiga abatutsi bari bahungiye mu nsengero zitandukanye nk’urwa Mubuga, ahiciwe ibihumbi ny’abatutsi bari bahungiyemo. Bategetse kandi ko abari bahungiye mu misozi ya Bisesero bicwa.
Mu 1996, ICTR yashinje ibyaha 13 birimo jenoside. Amerika yatanze amatangazo yifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya, ko iri gushakisha Sikubwabo. Mu 2012, ICTR yashyikirije ubutabera bw’u Rwanda dosiye ya Sikubwabo.
Ryandikayo Charles
Ryandikayo yavukiye muri Komine ya Gishyita muri Prefecture ya Kibuye mu 1961. Yari afite inzu icuruza amafunguro (restaurant) muri Mubuga muri iyi komine.
Ashinjwa uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe muri Kibuye, cyane cyane mu rusengero rwa Mubuga, rwaguyemo abatutsi bari bahungiyemo. Ryandikayo n’abarimo Sikubwabo Charles batanze amabwiriza yo kwica abatutsi muri Kibuye.
Mu 1996, ICTR yamukurikiyeho icyaha cya jenoside n’ibifitanye isano, mu 2002 Amerika yifashishije ibitangazamakuru muri Kenya itangaza ko iri kumushakisha. Mu 2012, dosiye ye yashyikirijwe ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.
Kuva aba bose bahunga mu 1994, bagakurikiranwa na ICTR kuva mu 1996, bamwe dosiye zabo zigashyikirizwa IRM n’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda, mu 2002 Amerika ikaba yarashyize hanze amatangazo asaba gutanga amakuru yatuma bafatwa, baracyidegembya. Bakekwaho kuba bari mu bihugu bitandukanye nka RDC, Congo-Brazaville.
