Kuri iyi tariki ya 13 Ukuboza 2019, Perezida Yoweri Museveni wa Uganda na mugenzi we Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo wa Guinee Equatorial baganiriye i Kampala ku kibazo cy’ubuhunzi bwugarije umugabane w’Afurika. Ni mu ruzinduko rw’iminsi ibiri perezida Obiang agiirira muri Uganda.
Abo bakuru b’ibihugu byombi bagaragaje ko impunzi ziri mu byiciro bitandukanye kandi biterwa n’impamvu zikurikira: abahunga intambara n’umutekano muke, abahunga amapfa n’inzara n’abahunga kubera amakimbirane ndetse na politiki, nk’uko raporo y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) yasohotse muri uyu mwaka ibyerekana.
Iyi raporo igaragaza ko Uganda ari cyo gihugu gicumbikiye impunzi nyinshi muri Afurika, zikaba zirenga miliyoni imwe ariko na yo ikagira izahunze 7,035.
Mu karere, u Burundi ni bwo buza ku mwanya wa mbere mu kugira impunzi nyinshi kuko bufite izigera kuri 387,900, hagakurimiraho u Rwanda rufite izigera kuri 247,48, na Tanzaniya iza ku mwanya wa nyuma muri aka karere kuko ifite impunzi 735 gusa.
Aya makuru dukesha BBC, avuga ko ku isi buri munsi abagera ku 37,000 bahunga ibihugu byabo, ikaba imaze kugira izirenga miliyoni 70 harimo izigera kuri miliyoni 41 zikiri mu bihugu byazo.
Abo bakuru b’ibihugu bya Uganda na Guinee Equatorial, basanga buri gihugu cyajya cyakira impunzi ziturutse mu bindi bihugu, cyane ko ari abavandimwe nk’uko babivuga.
” Aba bantu bahunga baturutse mu bihugu by’abaturanyi ni abavandimwe, nta mpamvu yo kubafungira imiryango. Amakimbirane menshi atuma abantu bahunga aterwa na politiki mbi ishingira ku hantu babarizwa, amadini ndetse n’amoko. Kugira ngo gikemuke, Afurika igomba gukemura ibibazo bya politiki, ikareba igifitiye abaturage akamaro, aho kureba aho baturuka.” Perezida Museveni ku rukuta rwa Facebook.
Ibyifuzo bya Museveni na Obiang bishyikirijwe abo bireba maze bigahabwa umugisha, buri gihugu cyajya cyakira impunzi zose zikigannye kandi kikubahiriza uburenganzira bwazo nk’uko biteganywa mu masezerano mpuzamahanga arengera impunzi harimo kuzirindira umutekano, kuziha ibyangombwa bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi n’ibindi.
Ese gufungurira imipaka impunzi zivuye mu mahanga ni wo muti waba urambye mu guca ubuhunzi?
Ibi byo gucumbikira impunzi na byo bigomba kwitonderwa n’ubwo ari byiza, kuko muri zo hari izishobora kubera umugogoro ibihugu zaturutsemo. Urugero rwa hafi, nko ku Rwanda, impunzi zakoze umutwe urwanya ubutegetsi, FDLR ugizwe n’abahoze mu gisirikare ku bwa Habyarimana ndetse n’abari abaturage barimo n’abakoze jenoside.
Tubibutse ko byagaragaye ko umubare munini w’izi mpunzi zicumbikiwe mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’ibyo ziba zaturutsemo. Igitekerezo cya Museveni na Obiang gishyizwe mu ngiro n’Afurika yose, ibihugu byakomeza kwakira umubare munini w’impunzi [ziri mu ngeri zitandukanye] zaturutse mu baturanyi.
Mu gihe ibihugu byaba bifitanye umubano utagira amakemwa, byanga byakunda abahunze kimwe mu bihugu bizabagiraho ingaruka zitari nziza nk’igihe hazaba hifujwe zimwe ngo zishyikirizwe ubutabera [mu gihe zahunze zishinjwa ibyaha] cyangwa bikagenda nk’uko impunzi z’u Burundi zivuga zagenjwe muri Tanzaniya, aho byavuzwe ko zahatiriwe gutaha kandi zitabishaka. Gusa ibihugu byombi byavuze ko zitahatiriwe gutaha ko ahubwo habaye ubwumvikane hagati y’ibihugu byombi, impunzi ubwazo ndetse na UNHCR. Uhatira impunzi gutaha ntabwo aba yubahirije uburenganzira bwazo kuko ziba zigomba gutaha biturutse ku bushake bwazo.
Gucyura impunzi ku bushake, bisabye ko habaho ubwumvikane bw’ibihugu byombi, hiyongereyeho UNHCR nk’uko byagenze hagati y’u Rwanda n’andi mahanga arufitiye impunzi ndetse na UNHCR ubwo batanze igihe ntarengwa cyo kuba zatashye, nyuma y’icyo gihe hagakurwaho izina (status) ry’ubuhunzi.
Gusa muri Congo/Kinshasa no mu yandi mahanga arimo Uganda, Congo/Brazaville haracyavugwa impunzi z’Abanyarwanda, kimwe n’uko iz’u Burundi, Tanzaniya, Uganda na zo zivugwa mu mahanga kandi hashize igihe kirekire. Ikibazo kibazwa ku ngingo yo gukurirwaho ‘status’ y’ubuhunzi ni abadatahutse nyuma yo kuvanirwaho iri zina bataba bakigomba ubundi burenganzira nk’ubw’impunzi zigifite iryo zina zibona.
Ubuhunzi ni ikibazo gihanyayikishije isi yose kandi raporo yo mu 2018 igaragaza ko ziyongereyeho miliyoni 2.3 ugereranyije no mu 2017. Impamvu zitera ubuhunzi na zo si nziza. Umuti waba urambye ni ugukemura impamvu zitera ubuhunzi; hakimakazwa ubwimvikane, guhonyora uburenganzira n’intambara zigahagarara, amapfa n’inzara bigashakirwa uburyo byirindwa, mu gihe byaba byabaye bigashakirwa umuti wihuse mbere y’uko bisaba ko abaturage bimuka aho batuye cyangwa bakava mu bihugu byabo. Ibi byagirwamo uruhare n’abaturage, ubuyobozi bwabo, imiryango iharanira inyungu z’abaturage ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.
