‘Mercenaries’ ni abasirikare bigenga bahabwa akazi ko kurwanirira igihugu cyane cyane mu mahanga cyangwa bagafasha umutwe runaka, bategamiye kuri politiki cyangwa inyungu z’abanyagihugu ahubwo ku bw’inyungu zabo. Batangiye kuvugwa mu myaka ya mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu/Yezu gusa twe turahera mu kinyejana cya 14.
Haba impungenge ko aba basirikare bigenga baba ikibazo kuri politiki y’ibihugu bibahaye ibiraka nk’ibyabaye mu kinyejana cya 14, aho itsinda rya ba ‘Mercenaries’ rya Almogavarez muri Espagne ryahawe ikiraka n’Ubwami bwa Byzantine ngo barwanye Turkiya. Barabikoze nyuma barahindukira bagaba igitero mu mugi wa Magnesia (ubu ni Alasehir). Nyuma yo kwica umuyobozi wa Magnesia, bamaze imyaka ibiri bahategeka, bakomereza muri Macedonia.
Mu ntambara yamaze imyaka isaga 100 (1337-1453), Uburayi bwatoje ibihumbi by’abarwanyi ngo bajye bifashishwa mu rugamba. Mu kinyejana cya 15, hari ibigo bya gisirikare mu Busuwisi, Ubutaliyani ndetse n’Ubudage byagurishaga abasirikare ku bami n’ibikomangoma ngo bajye barwana.
Ikibazo cy’aba basirikare bagurishwaga ngo ni uko bagambaniraga ababahaye akazi, nta kinyabupfura bagira ndetse ntibubahirize uburenganzira bw’abaturage babitewe ahanini no kutishyurwa. Bitewe n’imyitwarire abasirikare batorejwe mu Busuwisi bagiraga, byatumaga Uburayi bwose bubarambagiza.
Mu kinyejana cya 18, aba ‘mercenaries’ bagize uruhare mu bitero n’intambara zitandukanye ari na ko bongerwe agaciro, bahembwa amafaranga atubutse. Mu Ntambara ya II y’Isi bivugwa ko ari ho bene aba basirikare bakoreshejwe cyane mu bihugu harimo n’iby’Afurika. Ibihugu n’imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi ni bo bakoresha bene aba basirikare kugeza ubu.
Private Military Companies ( PMCs) ni ibigo byateje imbere igisirikare cyigenga
Ibi ni ibigo byigenga bitoza bikanatanga aba-mercinaries kugira ngo bajye kurwana cyangwa bakore uburinzi, ibikoresho n’imyitozo ya gisirikare. PMCs bitwa abasivili ariko bashobora kubaho nk’abasirikare nk’uko ubusobanuro bwabo bubivuga. Encyclopedia Britannica bavuga ko iyo abakozi ba PMCs bagiye mu rugamba bitwa ba ‘mercenaries.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’intambara zo muri Afghanistan biri mu bihugu byateje imbere PMCs. Mu 2004, Black Water yatanze abakozi bayo baherekeza ibiribwa n’ibindi bikoresho muri Fallujah muri Iraq, gusa baratewe baricwa. Ibitero byagiye biba muri Afghanistan na byo byifashishije cyane PMCs.
Ibiciro by’abasirikare bigenga bigaragara nk’aho biri hejuru ku bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere. Urugero twarufatira kuri Perezida Vladimir Putin w’Uburusiya wishyuye ibihumbi by’abasirikare baturutse muri PMC yitwa Wagner Group amadolari y’Amerika agera kuri miliyari 10 kugira ngo bajye kugaba ibitero muri Syria. Ibihugu bikomeye ngo byohereza bene aba basirikare mu byugarijwe n’umutekano muke.
Amateka avuga ko Mobutu Sese Seko wayoboye Zaire (ubu ni RDC) na we yifashishije abasirikare biganga baturukaga mu mutwe wa White Legion wavuye mu cyagoze ari Yugoslavia. Bifashishijwe mu ntambara ya mbere ya Congo yabaye kuva mu 1996 kugeza mu 1997. Aba basirikare bari bahawe inshingano zo kurinda umugi wa Kisangani no gutoza abasirikare b’igihugu gusa mu 1997 basubiye iwabo.
Mu 2002, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wagize igitekerezo cyo gukoresha PMCs kuko zasabaga amafaranga make ugereranyije no gufata abasirikare basanzwe. Gusa Kofi Annan wari Umunyamabanga mukuru yarabyanze kuko byari bihabanye n’itegeko mpuzamahanga ritemera gukoresha abasirikare bigenga (abanyabiraka).
Mu 2007, muri ONU hagarutse igitekerezo cyo kwifashisha abakozi ba PMCs mu kugaba ibitero ariko na none rya tegeko ntiryabikunda. Ikigo cya Black Water ni cyo cyari gikomeye muri icyo gihe. Amasezerano y’i Geneve yo mu 1989 yakuragaho ikoreshwa ry’abasirikare bigenga ntabwo Amerika n’Ubwongereza byigeze biyashyigikira (ntibyashyizeho umukono).
