Umubano hagati yu Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo wifashe nabi mu gihe intambara ikomeje mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo. Mu gihe guverinoma igenda itakaza ibice ariko M23 yagura aho igenzura, ibihugu byombi by’ibihangange bivugwa muri iki kibazo bisa nk’ibidashobora kumvikana. Ariko se ni ukubera iki?
Mu gihe Umuryango w’Iterambere rya Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SADC) n’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) bihatira guhagarika imirwano ibera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, intambara y’amagambo hagati y’impande zombi yarushijeho kwiyongera.
Ndetse no mu gihe cyo guhagarika by’agateganyo imirwano Kwa M23 kugira ngo ubutabazi bugere ku babukeneye, ntacyo byakoze kugira ngo ituze riboneke i Kigali na Pretoria.
Nyuma y’urupfu rw’abasirikare 13 bo muri Afurika y’Epfo hafi ya Goma mu burasirazuba bwa DRC mu cyumweru gishize, Ramaphosa yatunze u Rwanda urutoki arushinja kubigiramo uruhare binyuze mu gufasha M23, ibirego u Rwanda Reuters utwatsi.
Umuyobozi wa Afurika y’Epfo, Cyril Ramaphosa na mugenzi we wo mu Rwanda, Paul Kagame, bagiye mu ntambara itigeze ibaho.
Phil Clark, umwarimu wa politiki mpuzamahanga muri SOAS, Kaminuza ya Londres, nawe yatangarije Deutsche Welle ati: “Iyo u Rwanda ruba rudashyigikiwe, izo nyeshyamba [M23] ntizari kuba ziri gukora nkuko zimeze.”
Umuyobozi wa Afurika y’Epfo, Ramaphosa, yatangaje ko ikindi gitero kizagabwa ku ngabo ze mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bizaba ari nko gutangaza intambara.
Hagati aho, Kagame,ashinja umuyobozi wa Afurika y’Epfo kugoreka ukuri agakomeza agira ati: “Niba Afurika y’Epfo ihisemo guhangana, u Rwanda ruzakemura iki kibazo muri urwo rwego umunsi uwo ari wo wose.”
Amateka yo kutumvikana
Ntabwo ari ubwambere u Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo bikozanyije amahembe nubwo bishobora kuba bitarageze ku rugero biriho kugeza ubu.
Mu 2021, Afurika y’Epfo yashinje u Rwanda kuneka Perezida Ramaphosa, igihe hari hagezweho inkuru z’ikoranabuhanga rihambaye ry’ubutasi rya Pegasus, ariko u Rwanda rurabihakana.
Mu mwaka wa 2014, Afurika y’Epfo yirukanye abadipolomate b’u Rwanda nyuma yo kuvuga ko bagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Patrick Karegeya wahoze ari umutasi Mukuru w’u Rwanda muri hotel ya Sandton hafi ya Johannesburg.
Inkuru ya Deutsche Welle ivuga ko ariko ahari ikiruta byose, aho mu 2002, icyo gihe uwari Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, Thabo Mbeki, yayoboye amasezerano y’amahoro ya Pretoria kugira ngo amakimbirane arangire mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ibyo bikaba ngo byarashyize u Rwanda mu mwanya mubi.
Kagame, icyo gihe wari umaze imyaka itagera kuri ibiri gusa ku butegetsi, ngo yifuzaga kugera ku masezerano meza ya mbere yo guhagarika imirwano y’inyeshyamba mu karere karumbuka kandi kari mu dukungahaye cyane ku mutungo kamere ku Isi.
Clark yagize ati: “[u Rwanda rufite] inyungu z’ubucuruzi, bafite ubutaka bwo guhinga, bafite inyungu mu buhinzi; imiryango myinshi y’Abanyarwanda ikora ubucuruzi hakurya y’umupaka”,
Impuguke mu bibazo byo mu karere, Lionel Manzi wo muri Pan African Review, avugana na DW yaguze ko Trump ashobora guhitamo gushyigikira Kagame mu makimbirane aho gushyigikira Ramaphosa, bitewe n’uko Huverinoma ya Amerika yabanje yananiwe gutanga amahoro.
Yagize ati: “Itsinda rya Trump rishobora gufata icyemezo cy’uko ubucuruzi bushobora kuramba kandi bugatera imbere mu gihe amahoro azaba ariho.”
Yongeyeho ko Amerika ishobora gukura inkunga mu butumwa mpuzamahanga bwo kubungabunga amahoro nka MONUSCO. Ni mu gihe Trump akomeje kwinubira imikorere ya Loni ndetse anakura igihugu mu mashami y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu rwego rwo kugabanya umusanzu Amerika itanga w’umurengera atabona icyo ukora.
Nko kuri uyu wa Kabiri, itariki 04 Gashyantare 2025, yitandukanyije n’Ishami rya Loni rishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu Kandi atangaza ko bagiye no gusuzuma ibijyanye na UNESCO. Amerika Kandi yari iherutsr kuva mu kigega gishinzwe gufasha Abanyapalestine, UNRWA.
Hatari inkunga ya Amerika, benshi bemeza ko ubutumwa bwa Loni nka MONUSCO muri DRC bushobora guhagarara kubera ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amafaranga, nkuko bigaragara mu ngaruka zitangiye kugera ku mishinga Amerika yateraga inkunga muri Afurika ubu yahagaritswe.
Muri urwo rwego, ubutumwa bwa SADC buriho buyobowe na Afurika y’Epfo muri DRC, bumaze gutakaza abasirikare ndetse butaka ibura ry’ibikoresho na bwo bushobora gusenyuka.
Ihuriro rya Trump-Kagame?
U Rwanda, kimwe mu bihugu bito bya Afurika, ngo rushobora kungukirwa no kugira umufatanyabikorwa ikomeye nka Amerika mu gihe ikindi gihugu nka Afurika y’Epfo kigerageza kuryoza u Rwanda impfu z’abasirikare bacyo bamaze kugwa muri aya makimbirane.
Hariho byinshi byo gutakaza kuri Afurika y’Epfo
Bivugwa ko nyuma y’amasezerano y’amahoro yahagarikiwe na Mbeki muri 2002 muri DRC, ubucuruzi bwinshi bwa Afurika y’Epfo, ubwinshi bufitanye isano na guverinoma, bwaguye ibikorwa byabwo muri DRC kandi bumaze imyaka isaga makumyabiri butera imbere.
Mu gihe guhanga imirimo no gushyira ubukungu bwa Congo bishobora kuba ari byo byashyizwe imbere cyane na Afurika y’Epfo, uwahoze ari Perezida Mbeki, ngo yanakoze uko bishoboka amasoko y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari Banki y’Isi yatangiraga DRC y’agera kuri miliyari 4 z’amadorari (miliyari 3.8 z’amayero), icyo gihe yari kujya mu masosiyete yo muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Ni ukuvuga ngo uwahoze ari Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, Thabo Mbeki, yageze ku gisa nk’amasezerano y’amahoro muri DRC, ariko anatwara amahirwe menshi y’ubucuruzi mu mifuka y’Abanyafurikayepfo aho kuririra akamaro Abanyekongo.
Ibi bivuze ko impinduka zose mu buyobozi bwa DRC zigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwa Afrika y’Epfo nubwo abantu bose batemera ko guverinoma ya Ramaphosa irangajwe imbere gusa n’amafaranga.
Umushakashatsi mu kigo cya Afurika y’Epfo gishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, akaba n’umwe mu bayobozi ba Okapi Consulting i Johannesburg, agira ati: “Turabizi ko ishyaka rya Cyril Ramaphosa [ANC] iteka ryamunzwe na ruswa kandi rishingiye ku mahirwe y’ubukungu, ariko sinkeka ko ari yo mpamvu hano.”
Ati: “Afurika y’Epfo yashakaga kubigiramo uruhare kubera ko DRC ari igihugu kinyamuryango cya SADC, kandi bifuzaga gufasha mu cyubahiro cyo kubungabunga amahoro, akaba ari nacyo Afurika y’Epfo yakoze mu 2013 hamwe na FIB [Brigade yo gutabara byihuse ya Monusco].”
Nyamara ariko na none, ngo inyungu za Afrika y’Epfo zifite ikindi kibazo.
Bivugwa ko DRC ifite amategeko mashya yerekeye guhinduka no gukurikiza amategeko. Mbere, amasosiyete yo muri Afurika y’Epfo n’ubujyanama byashoboraga kuhakorera imirimo nta nkomyi.
Du Plooy yagize ati: “Ariko ubu, kubera akazi gakomeye bahakorera, ni byiza ko DRC isunikira amasosiyete yo mu mahanga gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa baho. Ubu amasosiyete menshi y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro agomba gushinga amashami y’ibanze muri DRC, agomba gufatanya n’ibigo byaho”.
Afurika y’Epfo: umudipolomate w’intege nke mu mishyikirano?
Wolters yatangarije DW ati: “Afurika y’Epfo yabaye mbi bidasanzwe muri dipolomasi y’ubukungu. Ntabwo yigeze isobanura uruhare rwayo mu bya politiki no mu bya gisirikare mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwagura ubucuruzi”, akomeza avuga ko mu gihe hari amasosiyete menshi y’amabuye y’agaciro yo muri Afurika y’Epfo agira uruhare muri aka karere, ati: “Nta n’imwe muri yo manini ya Afurika y’Epfo.”
Urutonde rw’amasosiyete yo muri Afurika y’Epfo yakomeje kuvoma inyungu w’umurengera muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye kuva amasezerano y’amahoro ya Pretoria yasinywa mu 2002 arimo nka G4 Securicor, Standard Bank, Vodacom, AngloGold Ashanti, De Beers, n’andi menshi.
Inyungu bwite za Ramaphosa
Perezida Ramaphosa n’abandi banyenganda benshi bo muri Afurika y’Epfo na bo bafite inyungu byibuze muri amwe muri ayo masosiyete, ibituma hashidikanya ku kutabogama kw’igihugu muri ayo makimbirane.
Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Yolande Makolo, abinyujije kuri X, yavuze ko Perezida Ramaphosa agomba kwerekana “inyungu bwite mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro afite muri DRC.”
Du Plooy nawe agira ati: “Afurika y’Epfo na DRC byungukirwa no gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva muri buri gihugu. Afurika y’Epfo itumiza amabuye y’agaciro menshi muri DRC buri mwaka. Amakimbirane azagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ku bihugu byombi”.
Hariho kandi ubucuruzi bugaragara hagati ya Afurika y’Epfo n’u Rwanda nk’aho Afurika y’Epfo bivugwa ko mu 2022 yohereje mu Rwanda ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro k’akagera kuri miliyoni 122 z’amadolari mu gihe u Rwanda mu by’ukuri nta byinshi rwoherejeyo, nk’uko bitangazwa na Observatory of Private Complexity.
Nyamara, ibyo guhomba bisa nk’aho biri hejuru mu burasirazuba bwa DRC kuri Afrika y’Epfo. Ramaphosa na guverinoma ye bafite umufatanyabikorwa muri Perezida wa DRC, Felix Tshisekedi, utarwanya ku mugaragaro inyungu za Afurika y’Epfo nk’uko u Rwanda rwa Kagame rwabigenza.
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Isesengura ry’iyi nk’uru ndahamya ko usoma wese bimugora cg atumva neza umutwe w’inkuru n’inkuru Aho bihurira. mujye mubanza mutegure inkuru atari ugupfa kwandika ukohereza