Mozambique: Kudahuza ibikorwa hagati y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza SADC, ingaruka ku mahoro arambye

Ingabo za SADC zoherejwe mu butumwa bwa SAMIM muri Mozambique zikomeje kuvugwaho kudahuza ibikorwa n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, zose zifite intego imwe yo kugarura amahoro mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgado, ndetse n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, ibintu bibangamiye kugera ku mahoro arambye muri iki gice.

Iyoherezwa ry’ingabo za SADC rigaragara mu nyandiko zemewe z’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze ubumwe (AU) mu rwego rw’ingabo z’Afurika zishobora gutabara bibaye ngombwa (AU’s African Standby Force). Ariko kugeza ubu bivugwa ko habayeho kuvugana gucye hagati ya SADC na AU kuri iki kibazo.

Bivugwa kandi ko SADC nta biganiro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru yagiranye n’u Rwanda ku byerekeranye na Cabo Delgado. U Rwanda rwo rwizera ko kurandura burundu iterabwoba muri iyo ntara ari ngombwa kubw’ umutekano wayo. Ubushyamirane hagati ya SADC n’u Rwanda ngo bukaba bufite inkomoko ku bwumvikane bucye ku byavuye mu matora muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo mu ntangiriro za 2019.

Ku ya 3 Mata, abaminisitiri ba SADC b’Urwego rushinzwe Politiki, Ingabo n’umutekano bahuriye i Pretoria kugira ngo baganire ku butumwa bwa SAMIM (Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique) n’abahagarariye ibihugu byatanze ingabo ndetse na Mozambique. Biteganijwe ko abakuru b’ibihugu bazemeza icyemezo cyo kongerera ubutumwa andi mezi atatu, kugeza ku ya 15 Nyakanga 2022.

Nkuko byagenze mu nama zose za SADC mu majyaruguru ya Mozambike, u Rwanda ntirwatumiwe. Umuyobozi wa SAMIM, Prof. Mpho Molomo, yijeje ibihugu bigize uyu muryango ko ingabo za SADC n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zifite imikoranire ku rugamba. Ariko nta biganiro bya politiki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byabaye hagati y’abakuru b’ibihugu bireba.

Ingabo zavuye mu Rwanda n’iza SADC zageze ku bisubizo by’ingenzi mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique, hari harigaruriwe n’inyeshyamba kuva mu mpera za 2017, imihanda imwe n’imwe yongeye gufungurwa, kandi umutuzo usa nk’uwaragarutse ahantu h’ingenzi ku mishinga ya gaz karemano, nka Palma na Mocímboa da Praia.

Nyamara, Ikigo Nyafurika cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Umutekano (Institute for Security Studies ) kivuga ko hakiri ibitero bya hato na hato hirya no hino mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgado, kandi Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi ryatangaje ko bitaragera gushishikariza abavanwe mu byabo gusubira mu ngo zabo.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hakenewe icyerekezo gihuriweho n’ingabo zose ziri muri Mozambique kugirango haboneke umutekano urambye. Kugeza ubu, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zigera ku 2 000 zirinda umutekano w’Uturere twa Palma na Mocímboa da Praia, ahakorerwa imishinga ya gaz, mu gihe Ingabo za SADC zirinze utundi turere dutatu, ingabo za Mozambique zikaba zisigaye mu bindi bice bisigaye by’intara yose.

SADC yegereye AU mu mezi atandatu gusa nyuma yo koherezwa kwa SAMIM, n’igihe amafaranga yari arimo gushira

Ibiganiro bya mbere by’Akanama k’Amahoro n’Umutekano ka AU (PSC) kuri SAMIM byabaye gusa muri Mutarama 2022, hashize amezi atandatu yoherejwe kubera amafaranga yari atangiye kuwushirana. PSC yabuhaye umugisha kandi ibusabira inkunga n’ubufasha bw’ibikoresho.

Mu kubikora, SADC yashyize ku ruhande amateka yayo yo kutizera AU no gutsimbarara ku “Ihame rya subsidiarity” (ihame ry’uko ubuyobozi bukuru bugomba kugira ibikorwa byunganira, bugakora gusa imirimo idashobora gukorwa ku rwego rw’ibanze), bivuze ko, muri iyi dosiye, SADC iyobora ibibazo by’umutekano.

AU ishobora kwemeza ko ‘Ibisubizo bya Kinyafurika’ kuri Mozambique ari byiza. Ifite uburambe muri urwo rwego, kandi imyanzuro myinshi yerekana ko ari ngombwa gukemura ibibazo bitera ubuhezanguni bukabije. Ariko ibihugu bigize uyu muryango ntibikunze gukurikiza izi politiki, kandi bamwe babona guhuza ibikorwa hagati y’imiryango y’ubukungu mu turere (nka SADC) na AU ari igisitaza aho kuba inyungu.

AU ifata SAMIM nk’ubutumwa bwa mbere bwa za ngabo za Afurika ziba ziteguye gutabara, ikintu gikomeye kuri politiki yayo y’amahoro n’umutekano. Amasezerano agenga ‘African Standby Force’ ateganya ko hakenewe guhuza ibikorwa, cyane cyane n’Umuyobozi wa Komisiyo ya AU, mu gihe habaye kohereza ingabo, ariko ibi ngo ntibyabaye kuri Mozambique.

Iki kigo cya Institute for Security Studies, muri iyi nyandiko gikomeza kivuga ko SADC yashakishije gusa inkunga ya AU mu gihe yari ikeneye inkunga yo kongera manda y’ubutumwa burengeje amezi atandatu ya mbere.

Mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi, amaherezo yakiriye miliyoni 2 z’amayero yaturutse mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi binyuze muri “AU Rapid Response Mechanism”. SADC yizeye kandi kubona amafaranga azava mu Kigega cy’Amahoro cya AU, gifite miliyoni zisaga 230 z’amadolari y’Amerika y’imisanzu y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.

Amasezerano agenga “African Standby Force” ateganya ko hakenewe guhuza ibikorwa

Urebye icyerekezo cyayo mu karere no kugerageza uburyo butandukanye, gahunda ya SAMIM ni ingirakamaro kandi ni iya mbere mu karere. Kugirango bigerweho ariko bigomba gushyigikirwa n’abaturage no guhuza ibikorwa na Mozambique n’u Rwanda.

Bikanashimangirwa ko kandi ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere uri muri Cabo Delgado nabwo buzamura kutumvikana. Iterabwoba ryatewe n’inyeshyamba ku ishoramari rya gaz rifite agaciro ka miliyari 60 z’amadolari y’Amerika ryatumye TotalEnergies y’Abafaransa ihagarika ibikorwa byayo umwaka ushize. Isosiyete irashaka umutekano muri kilometero 30 zizengurutse imishinga yayo mbere yo gutekereza kugaruka.