Nubwo umugabane wa Afurika ufite hafi 40% by’ububiko bwa zahabu ku isi, inyungu nyinshi zituruka kuri uwo mutungo ziracyaguma mu maboko y’ibihugu byo hanze, aho zahabu nyinshi icukurwa muri Afurika yoherezwa hanze idatunganyijwe.
Amateka akunze kwibukwaho ni aya Mansa Musa, umwami wayoboye Ingoma ya Mali mu kinyejana cya 14, uzwi nk’umwe mu bantu bakize kurusha abandi mu mateka y’isi kubera ubukungu bushingiye kuri zahabu. Gusa nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, Afurika iracyafite ikibazo cyo kutunguka byuzuye ku mutungo wayo.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko impamvu nyamukuru ari uko Afurika ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya zahabu, ikibazo cy’ishoramari rito ndetse n’uburyo ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwubatswe kuva kera butuma zahabu yoherezwa mu bihugu nk’u Bwongereza, aho itunganyirizwa, igashyirirwaho ibiciro kandi ikagurishirizwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ibihugu bya Afurika birashaka guhindura ibintu
Mu myaka ya vuba, ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byatangiye gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kugumana inyungu nyinshi zikomoka kuri zahabu yabyo.
Ghana, kimwe mu bihugu bicukura zahabu nyinshi muri Afurika, yongereye ingano ya zahabu Banki Nkuru yayo igura mu gihugu kugira ngo yongere ububiko bw’igihugu.
Tanzania yashyizeho itegeko risaba ko nibura 20% bya zahabu icukurwa bigurishwa Banki Nkuru y’igihugu.
Guinea yakajije igenzura ku mpushya zo gucukura no kohereza zahabu hanze, ndetse igabanya kohereza zahabu idatunganyijwe kugira ngo ishishikarize kuyitunganyiriza imbere mu gihugu.
Namibia na yo yakomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kubuza kohereza amabuye y’agaciro adatunganyijwe.
Zahabu nk’inkingi y’ubukungu
Banki Nkuru z’ibihugu byinshi ku isi zirimo izo muri Afurika ziri kongera kugura zahabu kugira ngo zigabanye kwishingikiriza ku madolari ya Amerika no kurushaho kugira ubwigenge mu by’ubukungu.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko izamuka ry’ibiciro bya zahabu ku isoko mpuzamahanga n’ihinduka rya politiki mpuzamahanga byatumye ibihugu byinshi bibona zahabu nk’umutungo ushobora kubifasha guhangana n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu.
Ibihugu bya Sahel birashaka kugenzura amabuye y’agaciro
Muri Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwafashe ingamba zo kongera uruhare rwa Leta mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro no kugabanya ububasha bw’amasosiyete yo hanze.
Mali iri kubaka uruganda rwa Leta ruzajya rutunganya zahabu i Bamako, mu gihe Burkina Faso iri kongera ububiko bwa zahabu no kongera uruhare rwa Leta mu bucukuzi bwayo.
Icyakora, abasesenguzi bavuga ko amabuye menshi akiri gucukurwa n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga kubera ko ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bitaragira ubushobozi buhagije mu ikoranabuhanga n’ishoramari.
Haracyari urugendo rurerure
Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, inzobere zivuga ko Afurika igifite urugendo rurerure kugira ngo igenzure uburyo bwose rw’ubucuruzi bwa zahabu, kuva ku bucukuzi kugeza ku kuyitunganya no kuyigurisha ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Bavuga ko hakenewe ishoramari rinini mu nganda zitunganya zahabu, amahugurwa y’abakozi n’ibikorwaremezo, kugira ngo umugabane ubashe kugumana agaciro kenshi k’umutungo wawo.
Hari n’abemeza ko mu myaka iri imbere, ibihugu bya Afurika bishobora gushyiraho ubufatanye bukomeye mu rwego rwa zahabu, busa n’ubw’umuryango OPEC ugenzura isoko rya peteroli, bikabifasha kongera imbaraga mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
