Umutungo kamere, umutekano, ishoramari n’ihangana ry’ibihugu bikomeye bikomeje gutuma akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kaba kamwe mu turere dufite agaciro gakomeye muri politiki mpuzamahanga.
Mu gihe amaso ya benshi ahora yibanda ku ntambara n’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), hari ikibazo cyimbitse gikunze kwibagirana:
Ni iki gituma ibihugu bikomeye bikomeza gushora imbaraga, amafaranga n’ububanyi n’amahanga muri aka karere?
Kuva kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’u Burusiya, kugeza ku bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati nka Qatar na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu, buri ruhande rugaragaza inyungu zarwo muri aka karere.
Ibi bituma akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kaba kamwe mu duce tw’ingenzi mu ihangana rya politiki n’ubukungu ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ese impamvu nyamukuru ni amabuye y’agaciro? Ni umutekano? Cyangwa ni ugushaka kugira ijambo rikomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika?
Amabuye y’agaciro afite agaciro gakomeye ku bukungu bw’isi
Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, cyane cyane Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, gafite umutungo mwinshi w’amabuye y’agaciro arimo coltan, cobalt, lithium, zahabu n’andi mabuye akoreshwa mu gukora telefoni, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, mudasobwa n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Mu gihe isi igenda yerekeza ku bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, aya mabuye akomeje kugira agaciro gakomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ibi bituma ibihugu bikomeye n’ibigo mpuzamahanga birushaho gushaka uburyo bwo kugira uruhare mu ishoramari, ubucuruzi no mu micungire y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri uyu mutungo kamere.
Umutekano n’ingaruka zawo ku karere
Ibibazo by’umutekano biri mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri icyo gihugu gusa.
Bigera no ku bihugu bituranye na cyo, birimo u Rwanda, u Burundi, Uganda na Tanzania, binyuze mu kibazo cy’impunzi, imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’ubucuruzi butemewe bwambukiranya imipaka.
Ni yo mpamvu amahanga akomeza gushora imbaraga muri dipolomasi no mu bikorwa bigamije gushaka amahoro n’umutekano urambye muri aka karere.
Ku bihugu bikomeye, kugira uruhare mu gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano bishobora no gufasha kongera ijambo ryabyo muri politiki y’akarere no ku mugabane wa Afurika muri rusange.
Ihangana ry’ibihugu bikomeye
Muri iki gihe, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bushinwa biri guhatanira kugira ijambo rikomeye mu bijyanye n’umutungo kamere n’ishoramari muri Afurika.
Ku rundi ruhande, u Burusiya na bwo bwongereye ubufatanye n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, cyane cyane mu nzego za gisirikare na dipolomasi.
Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari na ko kabaye igice cy’iri hangana ryagutse, aho ibihugu bikomeye bishaka kongera uruhare rwabyo mu bukungu, umutekano na politiki by’umugabane.
Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati na byo bigenda byongera ishoramari n’ubufatanye na Afurika, haba mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, ibikorwa remezo n’izindi nzego z’ubukungu. Ibi byose bituma Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari ikomeza kuba ahantu h’ingenzi mu guhatanira uruhare n’inyungu.
Inzira z’ubucuruzi n’ibikorwaremezo
Ntabwo ikibazo kijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro gusa. Imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibyambu n’ibibuga by’indege bifite uruhare rukomeye mu gutwara abantu n’ibicuruzwa, ndetse no guhuza uturere n’amasoko mpuzamahanga.
Ibihugu bishora imari muri ibi bikorwaremezo biba bishaka koroshya ubucuruzi no gufasha umutungo wo muri Afurika kugera ku masoko yo hanze.
Ariko kandi, ishoramari nk’iri rishobora no gufasha ibihugu birishyiramo kongera uruhare n’ijambo ryabyo mu karere.
Ni muri urwo rwego inzira z’ubucuruzi n’ibikorwaremezo bifatwa nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’ihangana ry’ubukungu n’umuco wa politiki mpuzamahanga.
Afurika irushaho kugira ijambo
Mu myaka yashize, Afurika yakunze gufatwa nk’umugabane wibandwaho cyane mu gukuramo umutungo kamere.
Ubu ariko ibihugu byinshi byo ku mugabane bigenda bishaka kugirana imikoranire n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, kugira ngo bitishingikirize ku ruhande rumwe.
Ibi bituma ibiganiro n’ubufatanye birushaho gushingira ku nyungu zihuriweho. Icyakora, hari n’ingaruka zo kuba ihangana ry’ibihugu by’amahanga rishobora kongera amakimbirane mu karere, cyane cyane iyo inyungu z’abo bafatanyabikorwa zishyizwe imbere y’inyungu z’ibihugu by’akarere.
Ku bw’ibyo, ibihugu bya Afurika bifite amahirwe yo gukoresha ihangana ry’ibihugu bikomeye mu gushaka ishoramari, guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo no kubaka ubukungu bwabyo, ariko bigasaba ko bigira ubushobozi bwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage babyo.
Ese ejo hazaza h’akarere hazagenwa n’iki?
Igisubizo kizaterwa n’ubushobozi bw’ibihugu byo mu karere bwo kubaka inzego zikomeye, kubungabunga umutekano, guteza imbere ubufatanye no gucunga umutungo kamere mu mucyo.
Niba ibyo bizagerwaho, umutungo kamere ushobora kuba isoko y’iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Ariko niba bikomeje kudogera, ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere bushobora gukomeza kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane n’umutekano muke.
Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari si akarere gakurura amahanga kubera intambara gusa. Ni akarere gafite umutungo kamere ukenewe n’isi, gafite umwanya w’ingenzi muri dipolomasi n’ubukungu mpuzamahanga, kandi kari mu ihangana ry’ibihugu bikomeye.
Ikibazo nyamukuru si impamvu amahanga akomeje guhatanira uruhare muri aka karere, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba ibihugu by’akarere bishobora kubyaza ayo mahirwe umusaruro ku nyungu z’abaturage babyo, aho kuba inkomoko y’amakimbirane mashya.
