Ibihugu by’Afurika bikomeje gufungirana imipaka ku mpamvu zitandukanye harimo n’iza politiki, bikaba bihabanye na zimwe mu ntego z’Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe. Ibi bituma umuntu yibaza niba ubu bumwe n’abakurambere baharaniye buzagerwaho.
Kuva mu 1963 umuryango witwa ‘Organisation of African Unity’ kugeza mu 2002 ubwo witwaga African Union, ufite intego zo guteza imbere ubumwe, ubufatanye ndetse n’ubukungu bw’ibihugu biwugize.
Turibuka Mwalimu Julius Nyerere ashishikariza Afurika kunga na Tanzania yayoboye kunga ubumwe kugeza mu 1999 ubwo yatabarukaga, Thomas Sankara Burkina Faso, Nelson Mandela warwanyije akarengane, ihezwa n’ivangura byakorerwaga abirabura muri Afurika y’Epfo ndetse na Muammar Gaddafi muri Libya. Aba bose n’abandi ntavuze baharaniye ukwigira, ubwigenge ndetse n’ubumwe bw’Afurika n’ubwo bikigaragara ko hari inzitizi nyinshi harimo n’iziza ari nshya.
Uyu muryango kandi watangije isoko rusange muri Nyakanga i Niamey muri Niger, byemejwe n’ibihugu 54. Ni igitekerezo cyatanzwe na Perezida Kagame w’u Rwanda wanabaye umuyobozi w’umuryango mu 2018. Gusa haribazwa niba iri fungwa ry’imipaka ritazagira ingaruka kuri izi ntego.
Ibibazo by’umutekano, ubushyamirane hagati y’ibihugu ndetse n’impamvu zidatangazwa na ba nyir’ubwite.
Ngibi ibihugu by’Afurika bimaze gufunga imipaka ibihuza n’ibituranyi mu mwaka umwe:
Nigeria
Iki gihugu kiri mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Afurika, kikaba gifite abaturage basaga kuri miliyoni 190. Nigeria ivuze byinshi ku bukungu bw’Afurika kuko ifite umutungo mbumbe wa 17 % w’Afurika yose.
Ku wa mbere w’iki cyumweru, iki gihugu cyatangaje ko gihagaritse ibicuruzwa byinjira n’ibisohoka (gifunze imipaka yose yo ku butaka) kuko ngo cyabonye biri kubogamira ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubucuruzi bwa magendu.
Nigeria yavuze ko nta ngaruka bizagira ku bucuruzi bwayo bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli kuko byoherezwa hanze binyuze mu nyanja. Yemeje ko ibihugu bituranye nibidafatira ingamba iki kibazo imipaka izakomeza gufungwa.
Sudani
Iki gihugu cyafunze imipaka igihuza na Libya ndetse na Centrafrika ku bw’impamvu z’umutekano kuko ngo imodoka zaturukaga muri ibi bihugu zinjiragamo bitemewe n’amategeko.
U Rwanda na Uganda
Iby’imipaka ihuza u Rwanda na Uganda bivugwa mu buryo butandukanye. Uganda ivuga ko u Rwanda rwafunzwe imipaka, leta y’u Rwanda iti: “ntabwo ifunzwe ariko kubera ikibazo cy’umutekano utizewe, ikiza ni uko abaturage batajyayo.”
Impamvu z’umupaka wa Gatuna zaratanzwe igihe leta y’u Rwanda yasobanuraga ko hari ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi biri kuhakorerwa, bityo imodoka nini zikaba zari zemerewe kunyura ku mipaka ya Kagitumba na Cyanika.
Ukuri guhari kandi kubonwa na buri wese uhageze ni uko rwa rujya n’uruza rwari ruhamenyerewe rutakihaba. Twavuga ko imipaka y’ibihugu byombi ifunguye ariko nta bantu bakihanyura, ubuhahirane hagati y’abaturage na bwo ntabwo.
Kenya na Somalia
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya no umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Al Shabaab umaze igihe uhungabanya umutekano wa Somalia, Kenya yatangaje muri Kamena ko ifunze umupaka uyihuza n’iki gihugu, n’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya umupaka burahagarikwa.
U Rwanda na Congo/Kinshasa (yafunzwe igihe gito)
Ubwo icyorezo cya Ebola cyageraga mu mugi wa Goma wegereye u Rwanda mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, leta yafunze umupaka uhuza Goma n’umugi wa Gisenyi igihe gito, igira Abanyarwanda inama yo kutajyayo mu rwego rwo kwirinda iki cyorezo. Byavuzwe ko abashinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka bigeze gufunga umupaka wa Bukavu ubwo byavuzwe ko hari abarwayi babiri ba Ebola bahabonetse kugeza n’ubu bamwe mu Banyarwanda bigaga muri Congo bari mu cyeragati; ntibaremerwa gusubira ku mashuri.
Ethiopia na Eritrea
Yari inkuru nziza ku bihugu byombi ubwo nyuma y’imyaka 20 byari byemeranyije gufungura imipaka bikanashyira mu bikorwa, gusa Eritrea yafashe umwanzuro wo kongera gufunga imipaka itatu iyihuza na Ethiopia nta busobanuro butanzwe. Iyi mipaka yari yafunguwe mu 2018.
Guinée Equatorial
Iki gihugu gifite gahunda yo kubaka urukuta rugitandukanya na Cameroon kuko ngo izanamo abo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi mu buryo butemewe.
Nk’uko bigaragara, iyi mipaka yose ifunzwe mu gihe gito (kitarenze umwaka) ku mpamvu nyamkuru y’umutekano. Afurika ikwiriye kubura amaso, igasubiza mu buryo ibitagenda neza bitaba ibyo, umugabane wakomeza kwitwa uw’ibibazo.
