Ese byaba bisaba iki kugirango ube waba umuyobozi ukomeye muri Afurika? Ahari bisaba gukora ibyo ugomba gukora udacitse intege ugamije kugera ku cyo wiyemeje ndetse no kugira inshingano? Birumvikana ububasha bwinshi buzana n�inshingano nyinshi. Abantu tugiye kugarukaho, bo bari bafite cyangwa bafite byinshi birenze iyi miterere twavuze haruguru.
Aba bagabo n�abagore b�Abanyafurika, benshi muri bo bagiye bagaragaza ubutwari iteka bahora biteguye gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga baharanira impinduka muri Afurika.
Reka turebere hamwe abo bayobozi 10 b�Abanyafurika benshi bemeza ko ari bo beza b�ibihe byose kugeza ubu nk’uko tubikesha urubuga worldhistoryedu.com. Ibi ariko ni ibitekerezo bya bamwe nawe waba ufite ukubyumva cyangwa wumva hari utashyizwemo utakagombye kuburamo.
Nelson Mandela
Yari umwe mu baturage beza b�Abanyafurika kandi wakoreye igihugu cye cya Afurika y�Epfo. Yabaye perezida w�iki gihugu kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1999 nyuma yo kumara igihe kirekire arwanya politiki y�irondakoko yari ikiyoboye.
Nka Perezida wa Mbere w�Umwirabura wa Afurika y�Epfo, guverinoma ye yaciye imikorere itandukanye yavanguraga abaturage.
Mandela yari impirimbanyi y�impinduramatwara yafunzwe inshuro nyinshi azira ibitekerezo bye. Ubwo yafungurwaga nyuma y�imyaka 27 muri gereza, ishyaka rye, ANC, ryatsinze amatora rusange yo mu 1994.
Ntabwo Mandel ayihutiye kwihorera ku bari bagize ubutegetsi bwari buriho, ahubwo yaharaniye kunga amoko yose atuye Afurika y�Epfo akuraho ibyayatandukanyaga.
Mbere yo kuba perezida mu 1993, yahawe Igihembo cya Nobel cyo guharanira Amahoro.
Haile Selassie
Haile Selassie, uzwi na none nka �Ras Tafari Makonnen�, yari Umwami w�Abami wa Ethiopia kuva mu 1916 kugeza mu 1974. Nta gushidikanya ko Selassie yari umwe mu bahungu ba Afurika izina rye ritazibagirana mu mateka.
Bivugwa ko akiri n�ingimbi, Selassie yagiye agaragaza ubushobozi mu bwenge butanga icyizere. Ubwo bwenge yari afite nibwo bwatumye azamuka vuba aba Umwami w�Abami wa Ethiopia nyuma y�urupfu rwa sebukwe.
Mku buyobozi bwe, muri Ethiopia hubatswe amashuri menshi, akarengane karagabanyuka, inzego z�umutekano w�igihugu nazo zirushaho kongererwa ubushobozi.
Yakoresheje ijambo yari afite ku mugabane mu guharanira ko Abanyafurika baba bamwe, agenda yubaka imikoranire n�imiryango y�abanyafurika babaga muri diaspora no mu Birwa bya Caraibe. Kugeza uyu munsi, amatsinda amwe avuka muri iyo miryango by�umwihariko nk�abitwa Abarasta, bajya bamufata nka Messiah waje mu ishusho ye.
Kwame Nkrumah
Ntiwavuga abayobozi beza b�Abanyafurika babayeho ngo wibagirwe Kwame Nkrumah. Ni umunyapolitiki wo muri Ghana wayoboye iki gihugu kitwaga �Gold Coast�akiganisha ku bwigenge mu 1957 babukura ku Bwongereza. Muri Macye uwakwazura ko ari we washinze Ghana ntiyaba ari kure y�ukuri.
Nkrumah niwe wabaye pErezida wa Mbere ndetse na Minisitiri w�Intebe wa mbere wa Ghana. Yaharaniye kwishyirahamwe kw�Abanyafurika (Panafricanist), akaba ari mu bashinze Umuryango w�Ubumwe bwa Afurika.
Kwame Nkrumah yagarutse muri Gold Coast nyuma y�imyaka 12 yiga mu mahangayaje guhinduka uharanira impinduramatwara waje gutabwa muri yombi azira guteza imyigaragambyo. Ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe n�imishinga y�iterambere myinshi hirya no hino muri Ghana. Umurage wa Nkrumah muri Ghana ndetse no hanze ya yo ukaba atari uwo kwirengagiza.
Julius Nyerere
Mwarimu Julius Nyerere ni indi ntwari ya Afurika itazibagirana. Kimwe na Nkrumah, niwe wabaye Perezida wa Mbere ndetse na Minisitiri w�Intebe wa mbere wa Tanzania, yahoze ari Tanganyika. Yayoboye iki gihugu kuva mu 1961 kugeza mu 1985.
Nk�umunyabwenge wari ufite impamyabumenyi y�icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bukungu n�amateka, Nyerere yaharaniye ko abanyafurika bakunda ibihugu byabo kandi bagakorera hamwe dore ko yaranzwe no kugira ingengabitekerezo ya Socialism.
Mu 1953, Julius Nyrere yafashe iya mbere mu gushing ishyaka TANU (Tanganyika African National Union). Nka Perezida wa TANU, Nyerere yashyize igitutu kinshi ku Bongereza abasaba ko bakwiyobora, birangira imbaraga yashyizemo zitanze umusaruro kuwa 09 Ukuboza 1961 Tanzania ibona ubwigenge.
Patrice Lumumba
Emery Patrice Lumumba ni umunyapolitiki w�umunyekongo waharanniye impinduka mu gihugu cye ndetse agifasha kubona ubwigenge. Yabaye Minisitiri w�Intebe wa Mbere wa Repubulika ya Congo (Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi y�ubu) kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza muri Nzeri 1960. Lumumba yari afite ubwenegihugu bw�u bubiligi ndetse yahakoze nk�ukuriye Ihuriro ry�Abacuruzi b�Abanyekongo.
Ubwo yagararukaga muri Congo, Lumumba yashinze ishyaka MNC (Mouvement National Congolais). Yakoresheje ingengabitekerezo za Panafricanism ngo ageze Congo ku bwigenge yaje kubona muri Mutarama 1961, igice kinini bitewe n�imbaraga Lumumba yashyizemo.
Lumumba yigaruriye imitima y�abaturage bamujya inyuma ku bwinshi ahanini bitewe n�uko yari ateye n�ukuntu yari azi kuvuga, ariko nk�uko bizwi ko intwari zitaramba, yaje kwicwa afite imyaka 35 agambaniwe na bamwe mu Banyekongo bagenzi be.
Koffi Anan
Izina rya Koffi Anan naryo ntiwarisimbuka kuri uru rutonde. Nubwo Atari umunyapolitiki wabigize umwuga, yayoboye umuryango ubumwe Isi yose ari Umunyafurika. Koffi Anan yari Umudipolomate w�Umunye-Ghana wayoboye Umuryango w�Abibumbye (Loni) nk�Umunyamabanga Mukuru wawo wa karindwi, kuva mu 1997 kugeza mu 2006.
Ubwo yari ayoboye Loni, Anan yagize uruhare runini mukugabanya icyorezo cya Sida muri Afurika. Yagize uruhare mu gukemura amakimbirane menshi hirya no hino ku Isi, ndetse mu 2006 yahawe Igihembo cya Nobel cy�Amahoro.
Avuye kuri uyu mwanya kandi Koffi Anan yagiye akora byinshi mu mirimo yakomerejemo yabaye intumwa idasanzwe ndetse yagiye ayobora imiryango myinshi mu bihugu nka Syria na Myanmar. Umuryango w�ubugira neza yashinze, �Koffi Anan Foundation� ni umwe mu mirage yasize mbere y�uko atabaruka afite imyaka 80 mu rukerera rwo kuwa 18 Kanama 2018.
Anan nawe ni umwe mu bayobozi beza b�Abanyafurika babaye batazibagirana waharaniye ubutaruhuka amahoro ku si no kurwanya inzara.
Thomas Sankara
Thomas Sankara afatwa nk�umwe mu banyapolitiki b�intwari b�Abanyafurika babayeho kugeza ubu. Yaharaniye impinduramatwara mu gihugu cye ubwo yari perezida wacyo kuva mu 1983 kugeza mu 1987. Sankra yari umwe mu ba �Panafricanists� bari bashyigikiye amatwara ya gisosiyalisiti. Bamwe bamufata nk�ikimenyetso cy�impinduramatwara nka Che Guevara wa Afurika.
Ubwo yari afite imyaka 20, Thomas Sankara yinjiye mu gisirikare akorera imyitozo muri Madascar mu 1970. Aha niho yaboneye ukuntu abanyeshuri bigumuye kuri Guverinoma ya Madagascar bimuhindurira ubuzima bidasubirwaho.
Sankara yagarutse mu gihugu cye kitwaga Haute Volta mu 1980, ajya ku butegetsi mu 1983 ahita anahindura izina ry�igihugu kitwa Burkina Faso.
Kubw�ibyago, urugamba yari yatangije rwo guharanira iterambere, uburinganire n�ubutabera rwaje kugera ku iherezo mu 1987.
Ku itariki 15 Ukwakira 1987, Sankara yishwe nabi afite imyaka 37 y�amavuko ahirikwa ku butegetsi n�uwari inshuti ye magara, Blaise Compaore.
Jomo Kenyatta
Izina rya Jomo Kenytta naryo ni rimwe mu mazina akomeye y�abanyapolitiki babayeho muri Afurika. Yarwanyije abakoloni mu gihugu cya Kenya birangira akibereye perezida wa mbere ndetse na minisitiri w�intebe wacyo wa mbere kuva mu 1963 kugeza mu 1964, ndetse na Perezida wacyo wa mbere kuva mu 1964 kugeza atabarutse mu 1978.
Kenyatta yagize uruhare runini kugirango Kenya yigobotore ubutegetsi bw�Abakoloni. Yari imbere mu banyapolitiki ba KANU (Kenya National African Union). Kenyatta yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere amahoro mu moko atandukanye y�Abanyakenya, ndetse niwe winjije Kenya mu Muryango w�Ubumwe bwa Afurika.
Kenneth Kaunda
Kenneth Kaunda ni umunyapolitiki wo muri Zambia wagiye mu zabukuru (ufite imyaka 95 kuri ubu) wabaye Perezida wa mbere w�iki gihugu kuva mu 1964 kugeza mu 1991. Nk�umwarimu wabigize umwuga, Kaunda yagiye abona ubunararibonye muri politiki ubwo yakoraga muri minisiteri y�ububanyi n�amahanga nk�umusemuzi n�umujyanama mu 1949.
Yakoreraga Sir Stewart Browne, wari Umukoloni w�Umwongereza. Kaunda nyuma yinjiye mu ishyaka ANC ryo muri Zambia afata umwanya wo hejuru, aza kwifashisha imyigaragambyi yo mu mahoro mu gusaba ubwigenge bwa Zambia.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Madamu Ellen Sirleaf niwe mugore wenyine ugaragara kuri uru rutonde ariko udashobora no gupfa kwirengagiza na cyane ko yakoze amateka yo kuba umutegarugori wa mbere watorewe kuyobora igihugu muri Afurika. Uyu yahoze ari Perezida wa Liberia kuva mu 2006 kugeza mu 2018. Yize muri Kaminuza ya Harvard ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by�ubukungu.
Arangije amasomo ye muri Amerika, yagarutse muri Liberia akora muri Guverinoma ya William Tolbert kuva mu 1971 kugeza mu 1974, nyuma asubira gukora mu burengerazuba bw�isi ahantu hatandukanye mbere yo kugarka muri Liberia mu 1979 bamugize minisitiri w�imari, umwanya yabayeho kugeza mu 1980 ubwo Samuel Doe yahirikaga ubutegetsi agafata iy�ubuhungiro akagaruka mu 1985.
Uyu yabaye icyitegererezo ku bategarugori benshi b�Abanyapolitiki b�Abanyafurika, ndetse yanahawe Igihembo cya Nobel cy�Amahoro.
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