Kuva mu myaka isaga 30 ishize Umugabane w’Afurika waranzwe no kugirana umubano wihariye n’u Bushinwa, ahanini bishingiye ku ishoramari, inkunga n’inguzanyo zitari nkeya iki gihugu cyahaye ibihugu by’Afurika aho kugeza na n’ubu bimwe mu bihugu bigifite imyenda yacyo yaje no kwiyongera nyuma y’umwaduko w’icyorezo cya Covid-19.
Icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyugarije Afurika n’Isi muri rusange cyakomye mu nkokora iterambere ryayo n’ibihugu byayo cyane cyane ibyo ku mugabane w’Aurika byari bisanzwe bifite amikoro aciriritse, ibindi bigana mu nzira y’Amajyambere. Ibi byatumye umwenda w’amafaranga uyu mugabane ufitiye ibihugu n’ibigo bitandukanye byo hanze yawo byiyongera kugirango ubashe guhangana n’ingaruka zatewe n’iki cyorezo.
Ibihugu biyobowe n’u Bushinwa, Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukungu (IMF) nibyo biza imbere mu gutanga inguzanyo ku bihugu by’Afurika, ari nabyo tugiye kureba ingaruka bishobora kuzagira kuri uyu muganane ukomeje kwiyongeraho amadeni yo hanze mugihe raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko n’aya mbere yari asanzwe atari make wari utari warangiza kuyishyura.
Covid-19 yongereye Afurika umutwaro w’amadeni
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins muri Mata 2020 igaragaza ko umwenda wose u Bushinwa bwahaye ibihugu byo muri Afurika kuva mu 2000 kugeza mu 2018 ungana na miliyari 143$, bingana na 20% by’umwenda wose uyu mugabane ubereyemo ibihugu by’amahanga, amabanki n’indi bigo by’abikorera bitandukanye ku Isi.
Kuva Covid-19 yakwaduka iyi myenda yahise yiyongera cyane kuko raporo y’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukungu (IMF) igaragaza ko muri aya mezi ashize y’icyorezo ibihugu bya Afurika bimaze gufata umwenda mu mahanga ungana na miliyari 10$ mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka cyateje, zirimo guhagarara kw’imirimo y’iterambere, inzara, kubona ubuvuzi no kwita ku banduye n’izindi. Iyi raporo kandi igaragaza ko Afurika ariwo mugabane wa mbere wagujije inguzanyo nyinshi mu mahanga kuva OMS yakwemeza Coronavirus nk’icyorezo cyugarije Isi.
Muri izi nguzanyo inyinshi ni izagiye zitangwa na IMF, u Bushinwa naho izindi zitangwa Banki y’Isi n’ibindi bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba nka Kenya, Uganda n’u Rwanda (rumaze kwakira asaga miliyoni 109$) kimwe na Nigeria na Senegal ni bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bigera kuri 30 bimaze inguzanyo nini kurusha ibindi muri iki gihe cya Covi9-19, izi nguzanyo zikaba zaragiye ziva ahantu hatanduakanye nko mu Bushinwa, IMF, Banki y’Isi n’ibindi bigo bikomeye by’abikorera.
Ni izihe ngaruka bizagira nyuma y’icyorezo?
Nk’uko n’ubundi hari bimwe mu bihugu kugeza uyu munsi byari bitararangiza kwishyura imyenda byari byarafashe mu myaka ishize, biragoye kuvuga ko igihugu cyo muri Afurika kikiyubaka kitabangamirwa no kugira inguzanyo nyinshi z’amahanga nubwo biba bigomba kubaho murwego rwo gufasha abaturage bacyo mu bihe bigoye nk’ibyo isi irimo by’icyorezo cya Coronavirus.
Nta wabura kuvuga ko nyuma y’icyorezo nubundi ibihugu bizasigara bihanganye n’ingaruka cyasize, harimo no kugorwa no kwishyura amadeni bizaba byaragiyemo ngo bogoboke abaturage babyo. Ibi bishobora kuzatuma iterambere rya bimwe bihazaharira, cyane cyane ibitaragiye bifata inguzanyo zijya mu mishinga ibyara inyungu.
Mugihe kandi ibizaba bigifite inguzanyo byafashe bitari byarangiza kwishyura, bizaba bigoye kongera kuba byabona izindi mugihe bizikeneye ngo byongere byubake ubukungu bwabyo bwazahajwe n’icyorezo, ndetse no mu kindi gihe.
Ibi ntibivuze ko kuba igihugu gifite inguzanyo nyinshi buri gihe ariko bikigiraho ingaruka mbi, ahubwo byose biterwa n’uko amasezerano yagiye asinywa hagati y’ibihugu ateye kandi hakagenderwa ku buryo buri ruhande rwagiye ruyubahiriza cyangwa hakaba hanabaho koroherezwa nk’uko u Bushinwa bwagiye bubikora ku bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo muri Afurika.
