Hashize imyaka 32 Afurika y’Epfo ivuye ku butegetsi bwa Apartheid, gahunda yari ishingiye ku ivangura rikomeye rishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu.
Mu 1994, amatora ya mbere ya demokarasi yahaye ubutegetsi Nelson Mandela, bituma benshi babona ko igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe gishya kirangwa n’ubwiyunge, uburinganire n’ubumwe bw’abaturage.
Ariko nyuma y’imyaka irenga itatu uhereye kuri izo mpinduka z’amateka, Afurika y’Epfo iracyahanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho n’ubukungu. Muri ibyo bibazo harimo n’urwango rukomeje kwibasira abanyamahanga, cyane cyane abaturuka mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Ibi byatumye bamwe mu basesenguzi bibaza niba koko umurage wa Apartheid wararangiye burundu, cyangwa niba hari ibibazo byimbitse byasizwe n’iyo politiki bikomeje kugaragara mu buryo bushya.
Abanyamahanga bashinjwa ikibazo cy’ubushomeri
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bikunze gutera urwango rwibasira abanyamahanga ni ubushomeri bukabije.
Afurika y’Epfo iri mu bihugu bifite umubare munini w’abadafite akazi ku isi, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Mu mijyi minini nka Johannesburg, Pretoria na Durban, hari abaturage bamwe bavuga ko abanyamahanga bemera gukora imirimo ku mishahara mito, bigatuma Abanyafurika y’Epfo babura amahirwe y’akazi.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugaragaza ko abanyamahanga atari bo ntandaro nyamukuru y’ubushomeri, mu gihe ubuzima bugoye abantu akenshi bashaka uwo bashinja ibibazo byabo. Muri icyo gihe, abanyamahanga bahinduka igitambo cyoroshye.
Ubukungu budatanga ibisubizo ku baturage benshi
Mu myaka yashize, Afurika y’Epfo yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi by’ubukungu birimo izamuka ry’ibiciro, ibibazo by’amashanyarazi, igabanuka ry’ishoramari, ubukene ndetse na ruswa mu nzego zitandukanye.
Abaturage benshi bumvaga ko nyuma y’iherezo rya Apartheid ubuzima bwabo bwagombaga guhinduka ku buryo bukomeye. Ariko kuba benshi bakomeje guhura n’ubukene n’ubushomeri byatumye bamwe batangira gushakira ibisubizo ahandi, rimwe na rimwe bagashinja abanyamahanga aho kureba ibibazo by’imiyoborere n’ubukungu.
Abanyapolitiki bakoresha ikibazo cy’abimukira mu nyungu zabo
Ikibazo cy’abanyamahanga cyabaye n’intwaro ya politiki.
Hari abanyapolitiki n’amashyaka bamwe bakoresha uburakari bw’abaturage bavuga ko abanyamahanga ari bo batera ikibazo cy’akazi gake, ibyaha cyangwa umutwaro kuri serivisi za Leta.
Iyi mvugo ikunze gukurura amarangamutima y’abaturage bafite ibibazo by’imibereho, bigatuma urwango n’ihohoterwa byiyongera.
Afurika y’Epfo yaba yaribagiwe ubufasha yahawe na Afurika?
Hari ikibazo gikomeza gutera impaka: uruhare rw’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika mu rugamba rwo kurwanya Apartheid.
Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’ivangura, ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byakiriye impunzi z’Abanyafurika y’Epfo, bifasha abaharaniraga kurwanya Apartheid ndetse biha ubuhungiro abayobozi b’uyu mutwe barimo Nelson Mandela.
Uyu munsi, bamwe mu baturage baturuka muri ibyo bihugu ni bo bahura n’ihohoterwa n’ivangura muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Bamwe babona ko ibi bihabanye n’umwuka wa Pan-Africanisme wari ushingiye ku bumwe n’ubufatanye hagati y’Abanyafurika.
Ibyaha n’umutekano nabyo bigira uruhare
Afurika y’Epfo ifite ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibyaha. Iyo habaye ubujura, ubwicanyi cyangwa ibikorwa by’amatsinda y’abagizi ba nabi, hari abaturage bahita berekeza urutoki ku banyamahanga.
Nubwo nta bimenyetso byerekana ko abanyamahanga ari bo benshi mu bakora ibyaha, imyumvire ya bamwe mu baturage ikomeza kubafata nk’ikibazo cy’umutekano.
Iyo amakuru nk’aya akwirakwijwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ashobora kongera umwuka w’urwango ndetse agakurura ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa.
Apartheid yararangiye, ariko ubusumbane buracyari ikibazo
Ikibazo cy’ibanze Afurika y’Epfo ihanganye na cyo ni ubusumbane bukomeye hagati y’abakire n’abakene.
Nubwo habaye impinduka za politiki, abaturage benshi batuye mu duce twahoze ari utw’Abirabura mu gihe cya Apartheid baracyahanganye n’ubukene, ubushomeri ndetse no kutabona amahirwe angana.
Iyo abaturage babuze icyizere cy’ejo hazaza, biroroha ko urwango rwiyongera kandi hakaboneka uwo bashinja ibibazo byose.
Ese Afurika y’Epfo ishobora kugwa mu mutego mushya?
Nubwo urwango rwibasira abanyamahanga rutandukanye na Apartheid yari ishingiye ku ruhu, hari ababona ko hari amasomo ahuza ibi bihe byombi.
Mu gihe cya Apartheid, abantu bacibwaga ibice hashingiwe ku ibara ry’uruhu. Uyu munsi, bamwe batinya ko hari kubakwa uburyo bushya bwo gucamo abantu ibice hashingiwe ku gihugu bakomokamo.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikomeza kuburira ko niba Afurika y’Epfo idakemuye ibibazo by’ubukungu, ubushomeri n’ubusumbane, urwango rwibasira abanyamahanga rushobora gukomeza kwiyongera.
Nyuma y’imyaka 32 ivuye kuri Apartheid, Afurika y’Epfo iracyari urugero rukomeye rwa demokarasi muri Afurika, ariko kandi ihanganye n’ikigeragezo gikomeye. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abanyamahanga ryerekana ko gukuraho amategeko y’ivangura bidahagije; hakenewe no gukemura ibibazo by’ubukungu, imibereho n’ubutabera.
Ikibazo nyamukuru si abanyamahanga bari muri Afurika y’Epfo, ahubwo ni uko inzozi z’ubukungu n’ubuzima bwiza zasezeranyijwe nyuma ya Apartheid zitaragerwaho ku baturage benshi. Iyo ibyo bibaye, urwango rushaka uwo rwikorezaho umutwaro w’ibibazo igihugu gifite.
