Inama mpuzamahanga ya mbere ku by’isanzure, iri kubera muri Grand Palais i Paris ku itariki ya 9 na 10 Nzeri, yahuje abantu batandukanye kugira ngo baganire ku bibazo by’umutekano, ubukungu, n’amategeko agenga ibijyanye n’uru rwego no ku bushakashatsi mu by’ikirere. Biteganijwe ko intumwa nyinshi za Afurika n’abakuru b’ibihugu byinshi, harimo na Perezida w’u Rwanda, bazitabira. Kuva Ikigo cy’igihugu gishizwe iby’Isanzure cy’u Rwanda cyashingwa mu 2020, u Rwanda rwagaragaje ibyo rwifuza kugeraho; nk’aho umwaka ushize, igihugu cyafunguye sitasiyo yo ku butaka i Rwamagana, kikaba giteganya no kohereza ikindi cyogajuru mu isanzure.
Iyi sitasiyo ifite antene ifite umurambararo wa metero icyenda ifata amakuru ya satelite, igatuma habaho isesengura rinini ry’ibipimo bitandukanye, nk’uko Adelin Kajangwe, umuyobozi w’umushinga muri iki kigo abisobanura: “Aka ni akazi dukora buri munsi mu nzego zitandukanye, imicungire y’ibiza, ubuhinzi, ibidukikije, n’ibindi byinshi.”
Usibye antene; hari ikigo gishinzwe kubika amakuru, aza nyuma gusesengurwa i Kigali n’ikigo cy’ubutaka cy’u Rwanda hakamenyekana byinshi ku iterambere ry’imijyi, ububiko, amazi meza, ndetse n’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka kugeza ku igenzura ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, amakuru ava kuri satelite akaba afite akamaro kanini cyane.
Umuyobozi yongeraho ati: “Ibyuma bipima ubutaka bishobora kuba bifite uburyo buke bwo kubigenzura, ariko iyo bihujwe n’amakuru ya satelite, dushobora kugenzura ubuso bunini cyane.” Yongeyeho ko ibi bishobora gufasha mu bijyanye no kutibeshya mu iteganyagihe.
U Rwanda rwizeye gusubira mu isanzure vuba
Muri Kamena, sitasiyo yo ku butaka i Rwamagana, mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, yabaye iya mbere muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yahawe icyemezo n’Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya Teleport (World Teleport Association (WTA)).
Ibi bigaragaza intambwe ya mbere igana ku mahirwe ashobora kubaho, nk’uko Adelin Kajangwe abivuga. Yagize ati: “Hari urwego rw’ubucuruzi, rukubiyemo gutanga serivisi zacu ku bakoresha satellite, baba abakorera ubutumwa mu kirere cyo mu karere cyangwa abatangije ubutumwa bwa kure mu isanzure.”
Kandi intego z’u Rwanda ntizigarukira kuri teleport gusa. Nyuma yo kohereza icyogajuru cya mbere mu 2019, u Rwanda rurateganya gusubira mu isanzure mu myaka iri imbere.
Nyuma y’abakoze ibi mbere: Misiri, Afurika y’Epfo, na Nigeria, umubare w’ibihugu byinshi ku mugabane bishora imari mu isiganwa ryo mu isanzure, harimo u Rwanda, Ghana, Senegal, n’ibindi byinshi. Ibi bikorwa birimo no guhuzwa n’Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Isanzure cya Afurika, cyafunguwe ku mugaragaro i Cairo mu 2025.
Kuri Kwaku Sumah, washinze SpaceHubs Africa, ikigo cy’ubujyanama cyihariye mu bijyanye n’isanzure cya Afurika, ikibazo ni ukwigenga mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’isanzure ku mugabane. Agira ati: “Ndatekereza ko kuri Afurika, ikibazo nyacyo kiri mu kumenya amakuru yayo bwite, umutungo wayo bwite mu by’ubwenge, n’uburyo ayo mashusho akoreshwa.”
Akomeza agira ati: “Ni no kuba uwa mbere mu kubona amakuru no kuyagenzura. Ibihugu bya Afurika bikoresha cyane amakuru yatanzwe; bishobora gukomeza kuyakoresha mu gihe biteza imbere ubushobozi bwabyo.”
Amakuru ya satelite yabaye ingenzi kuri Afurika
Amakuru ya satelite akoreshwa mu rwego rw’umutekano, urugero, mu kugenzura imipaka n’urujya n’uruza rw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Akoreshwa kandi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no gukurikirana ingendo z’inyamaswa; ibikorwa nko gutema amashyamba no guhiga ahantu hatemewe bishobora gukurikiranwa muri ubu buryo. Ni ingirakamaro kandi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubuhinzi.
Ariko, kubona aya makuru birahenze, kandi kuyakoresha bisaba ubunararibonye. Ni muri urwo rwego Ikigo Nyafurika gishinzwe iby’Isanzure giteganya kugira uruhare runini mu guhuza ibikorwa muri uru rwego. Guteza imbere serivisi za satelite hirya no hino ku mugabane binakemura ibibazo by’ingenzi byo guhuza abantu, cyane cyane bitewe n’intege nke zihari ndetse no kutagira ibikorwa remezo bya fibre-optic mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Nubwo Misiri na Afurika y’Epfo ari byo byafashe iya mbere, aho bifite mu isanzure satellites 14 na 12 muri 70 zo muri Afurika, uRwanda, Senegal na Côte d’Ivoire birimo gukora ku buryo bwo gushyira ku murongo uru rwego hashingwa ibigo by’ibihugu, ibigo by’amahugurwa n’ibindi.
Uku kwaguka kwihuta gutera ibibazo bijyanye n’imikorere myiza n’ingaruka z’ishoramari ritameze neza, byitezwe ko isoko ry’ibijyanye n’isanzure rya Afurika rizaba rifite agaciro ka miliyari 40 z’amadolari mu 2030.
