Jenoside ni ijambo kugeza ubu ritarabonerwa inyito nyayo mu Kinyarwanda. Bamwe babanje kuyita Itsembabwoko, abandi bakayita Amahano, abandi bakayita Itsembatsemba, abandi ngo ni Ubwicanyi ndengakamere. Ku isi izimaze kwemezwa ni iy’abanyarumeniya (1915), iy’abayahudi (1941-1945), iy’abatutsi(1994), n’iy’abanyabosiniya(1995).
Abanyamateka benshi bagerageza gushakira Jenoside inyito ihuza n’uko umuryango w’abibumbye ONU wayemeje. Umwe mu bazobereye kwandika no gusesengura za Jenoside, Yves Ternon, agira ati, « Jenoside ni icyaha ndengakamere kibasira inyoko muntu. Igikorwa cyitwa Jenoside iyo cyujuje ibintu bitanu bikurikira : Ubwicanyi, bw’abantu, hagamijwe kubagabanya cyangwa kubamaraho, hatitawe ku myaka n’igitsina byabo, ku buryo bwateguwe n’ubutegetsi ».
Ubu bwicanyi kandi, bugomba kuba bugamije kurimbura abenegihugu runaka, idini, ubwoko cyangwa abahuje uruhu. Butegurwa n’ubutegetsi bubi, bugamije kwikiza ba nyamuke badafite imbaraga zo kuburwanya.
Hari ibyaha byinshi byitirirwa Jenoside, ariko umuryango w’abibumbye umaze kwemeza enye harimo n’iyo mu Rwanda yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994. Gusa mu rwego rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, izimazwe kwemezwa ni eshatu, nk’uko urubuga alter-mrax.actifforum.com › rubivuga.
1.Jenoside yakorewe Abarumeniya mu 1915, yemejwe n’akanama ka ONU gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Kanama 1985, nyuma y’imyaka 70 ibaye.
Yakozwe n’abaturuki bw’ubwami bwa Ottoman, ihitana abasaga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 800.
2.Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi n’Abatsigani, mu gihe cy’intambara ya kabiri y’isi, ikorwa n’abanazi, ibera mu Budage, muri Polonye no mu Bufaransa. Yemejwe bwa mbere mu 1945 n’urukiko rwa Nuremberg, rwashyizweho n’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti n’iz’Amerika. Muri uyu mwaka ni nabwo hashyizweho ONU (umuryango w’abibumbye).Hari abavuga ko iyi Jenoside ari yo yaba yifashishwa mu kugena inyito y’icyaha cya Jenoside.Iyi nayo ngo yaba yarahitanye abarenga miliyoni 11.
3.Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda yabaye mu 1994, ikozwe n’abahutu b’abahezanguni. Iyi yemejwe mu mwanzuro nimero 955 w’umuryango w’abibumbye. Iyi yibukwa muri iki cyumweru, yahitanye abasaga miliyoni.
4.Jenoside yakorewe ababosiniya mu 1995, ikozwe n’abaseribe mu cyahoze kitwa Yougoslavie. Iyi nayo yemejwe mu 2001 n’urukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho icyahoze kitwa Yougoslavie, iza kwemezwa bidsubirwaho mu 2004. Iyi Jenoside yahitanye abari hagati ya 7000 na 8000, nkuko alter-mrax.actifforum.com › ikomeza ibivuga.
Ubwicanyi bukurikira busa na Jenoside butari yo
-Itwarwa bunyago ry’abirabura bajyanwa gukora imirimo y’agahato muri Amarika, kimwe n’icuruzwa ry’abacakara, ryahitanye abari hagati ya miliyoni 60 na 600. Iri ntirifatwa nka Jenoside nubwo bisabwa na byinshi mu bihugu bya Africa n’uburayi, ngo kuko icyari kigambiriwe bitari ugutsemba abirabura.
-Ubwicanyi bwiswe Holodomor, bwakorewe Abanya Ukraine buhitana abagera kuri miliyoni indwi bishwe n’inzara. Hari abavuga ko iyo nzara yaba yarateguwe Joseph Staline wayobora Leta zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti, ari nazo zacungaga Ukraine.
-Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Aba Kurde bo muri Irak, ku ngoma ya Sadaam Hussein hagati ya 1988 na 1989 ; bwahitanye abasaga ibihumbi 182. Mu Ukuboza 2005, urukiko rw’i La Haye rwemeje ko ubu bwicanyi ari Jenoside, kandi mu byo Sadaam yarezwe birimo.
-Itsembwa ry’aba Herero mu Budage mu 1904, ryemejwe n’umuminisitiri w’icyo gihugu mu 2004, hibukwa imyaka ijana ribaye.
– Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abanya Kamboje hagati y’umwaka wa 1975 na 1979 bukozwe n’aba Khmers rouges hagamijwe guhuza amasura : ubwoko, idini n’ingengabitekerezo. Ubu bwahitanye abarenga miliyoni n’ibihumbi 700. Nubwo bwujuje ibisabwa ngo bwitwe Jenoside, umuryango w’abibumbye nturabyemeza.
-Iyicwa n’itwarwa ry’aba Azeri muri Haut-Karabagh ryakozwe na Leta ya Armeniya. ONU ibivuzeho kenshi ariko ntibyoroshye kwemeza ko ari Jenoside.
-Ubwicanyi bwa Darfur muri Sudani, muri Nyakanga 2004 Kongere ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yari yemeje yose ko ubu bwicanyi ari Jenoside, ariko nyuma y’amezi abiri gusa, umunyamabanga wa Leta ahindura imvugo. Nyuma y’andi mezi atatu, ONU ivuga ko Leta ya Sudani itabashaga guhagarika ibitero cyangwa kwambura intwaro abibasiraga abasivili muri Darfur.
-Ubwicanyi bwo muri Congo Kinshasa, bwahitanye abasaga miliyoni enye n’igice, bamwe bishwe n’inzara abandi barashwe. Ibi byabaye kuva mu 1997, mu cyiswe intambara ya mbere ya Congo n’iya kabiri.
-Inzara yahitanye abashinwa barenga miliyoni 30, hagati y’umwaka wa 1959 na 1962 ku ngoma ya Mao Zedong. Nubwo ari ingaruka y’ubutegetsi bubi, ngo nta gahunda yo kumara aba baturage yari ihari.
-Ubwicanyi bwo muri Guatemala, bwahitanye abahinde basaga ibihumbi 100 bo mu bwoko bw’Aba Maya, barashwe n’ingabo za Guatemala.
-Ubwicanyi bwo muri Tibet, bwahitanye abarenga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 200 kuva mu 1950.
-Ubukoloni bwo muri Algeria, bwahitanye kimwe cya gatatu cy’abaturage ku mpamvu zinyuranye : kwicwa, gutwarwa bunyago, inzara, indwara z’ibyorezo, byose bifitanye isano.
Ibyaha byibasira inyoko muntu
Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyizweho mu 1998, rushyirirwaho kuburanya imanza z’ibyaha by’intambara, ibyaha byibasira inyoko muntu, Jenoside n’ubushotoranyi.
Ingingo ya 7 ishyiraho urwo rukiko, itanga urutonde rw’ibyo byaha, birimo :
— ubwicanyi
— gutsemba
— guhindura abantu abacakara
— itwarwa bunyago no kohereza abantu ku ngufu
— gufunga umuntu umubuza uburenganzira bwose
— iyicarubozo
— imibonano mpuzabitsina ku ngufu, guhatira abantu gukora uburaya,
— itotezwa ry’abantu
— ivanguramoko
— n’ibindi bikorwa bitabereye mwene muntu
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Karegeya Jean Baptiste
