Amateka y’umuhanga Galileo wahanganye na Kiliziya kakahava

Tariki ya 15 Gashyantare mu 1564 nibwo Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de’ Galilei yavutse, avukira i Pisa mu Butaliyani. Se Vicenzo yari umunyamuziki naho nyina Giulia Ammannati yavukaga mu muryango w’umuherwe Iacopo Ammannati wari umunyamabanga wa Papa Pius II.

Galileo Galilei yamenyekanye cyane kubera ubuvumbuzi yagiye ageraho mu bijyanye n’imibare, Ubugenge n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere.

Ubwo yari afite imyaka 17 yoherejwe kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuganga muri Kaminuza ya Pisa, mu gihe yari akiri umunyeshuri muri iyi kaminuza nibwo yaje kuvumbura ko afite impano mu bijyanye n’imibare maze asaba se ko amasomo y’ubuganga yayahagarikira aho akajya kuba umwarimu w’imibare.

Vicenzo yaje kumva iki cyifuzo cy’umuhungu we maze birangira yibereye umwarimu w’imibare.

Mu 1609, Galileo yumvise inkuru zivumburwa ry’igikoresho cyitwa Spyglass cyakoreshwaga mu gukurura ibintu biri kure bikagaragara nk’ibiri hafi.

Galileo yakoresheje ubumenyi yari afite mu mibare maze avugurura iyi Spyglass akora igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kwitegereza ibiri mu isanzure kizwi nka Telescope.

Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, Galileo akoresheje Telescope yabaye umuntu wa mbere urebye ku kwezi maze abasha kuvumbura ko ukwezi kudafite ubuso bunogereje ko ahubwo kimwe n’isi ubuso bwako bugizwe n’imisozi n’ibibaya.

Iyi Telescope kandi yayikoresheje mu kuvumbura umubumbe wa Saturn no kuvumbura ibyiciro bya Venus ndetse no kwiga byinshi ku izuba.

Uku kuvumbura no kurushaho kwitegereza isanzure yifashishije Telescope byatumye Galileo arushaho kwemera ibyihame rya Copenicus rivuga ko Isi n’indi mibumbe bizenguruka izuba.

Iyi myemerere yari mishya cyane ko mu gihe cya Galileo abantu bemeraga ko Isi ariyo iri hagati mu isanzure izuba n’indi mibumbe bikaba biyizenguruka, inyigisho yari yarakwirakwijwe cyane na Kiliziya gatorika.

Nyuma yuko Galileo atangiye gusohora inyandiko zirimo ubu buvumbuzi bwe ko Isi izenguruka izuba, Kiliziya Gatolika yamuhamagaje i Roma.

Iki gihe yahamagajwe kugira ngo yisobanure kuko ubu buvumbuzi bwe bwafatwaga nkubunyuranya n’inyigisho za Kiliziya kandi ubuhakanyi cyari icyaha gishobora guhanishwa igihano cy’urupfu.

Mu 1616 Galileo yakuriweho ibi byaha by’ubuhakanyi ariko ategekwa kutazongera gusohora inyandiko zirimo iyi myemerere ye ko Isi izenguruka izuba.

Nyuma yo gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse Galileo yakomeje kubona ibimenyetso bimuhamiriza ko koko ibyo yavugaga ari byo, maze mu 1632 ashyira ku mugaragaro igitabo yise ‘Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems’ aho yongeye guhamya ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri.

Ibi byatumye Kiliziya Gatolika yongera guhamagaza Galileo maze bamuhamya ubuhakanyi akatirwa gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose.

Mu 1633 kubera imyaka ye n’ibibazo by’ubuzima yemerewe gukorera igifungo cye mu rugo maze aza gushiramo umwuka mu 1642.

Byafashe imyaka irenga 300 kugira ngo kiliziya yivuguruze ndetse yemeze ko Galileo yari mu kuri, ndetse izina rye riza gukurwaho icyasha cy’ubuhakanyi.

Amateka atuwira ko Galileo yapfuye kuwa 8 Mutarama 1642, aguye i Arcetri mu butaliyani.

Inshamake ku buzima bwa Galileo

Galileo usanzwe ufatwa nk’umubyeyi w’ubumenyi bw’isi n’isanzure (Astronomy) afatwa kandi nk’umuntu wagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere rya Siyansi igezweho .

Galileo mu buto bwe yize mu ishuri riherereye i Vallombrosa hafi ya Florence ryari ishuri ry’abihaye Imana.

Mu 1581 yatangiye kaminuza ya Pisa aho yize ubuganga aha yaje kubireka yiyemeza kuba umwarimu w’imibare abifatanya no kwiga isomo rya philosophy ryaje no guhindura ubuzima bwe.

Galileo yaje kwitegura kwigisha ubuhanga bwa Aristote, ni umwe mu bafilozofe babayeho mu mateka bari abahanga cyane, yigishaga iyo filosozi akongeraho n’isomo ry’imibare.

Mu 1588 Galileo yahataniye kuyobora ishami ryi’mibare muri kaminuza ya Bologna, ku bwamahirwe make ntiyabasha kwegukana uwo mwanya.

Nubwo byari bimeze gutyo, yakomeje kwamamara kugeza naho yaje kubona amahirwe yo gutanga amasomo abiri muri Florentine Academy.

Mu nama mpuzamahanga yari iteraniyemo abahanga mu bumenyi naho yagaragarijemo ubuhanga buhanitse, ku buryo ikintu kiri ku butaka kiba kiremereye cyagera mu kirere kikoroha, Ibi byaje kwitwa Centre de Gravite.

Nyuma y’ibi yanditse inyandiko ikubiyemo ibisobanuro by’iri hame yise Manuscript. Iyi Nyandiko yaje kogera imwongera igikundiro mu bahanga bagenzi be. Amaze kumenyekana cyane, noneho yaje gutsindira ya ntebe yo kuyobora ishami ryimibare muri kaminuza ya Pisa mu 1589.

Mu kwezi kwa munani mu mwaka w’1609 yamuritse Telescope ifite utwuma umunani tuyongerera ububasha. Icyo gihe yari imbere ya sena yo mu Butaliyani.

Abayobozi benshi bakiriye neza iyo telescope noneho anahembwa kongererwa umushahara we, bawukuba kabiri kandi akazajya ahembwa kugeza avuye mubuzima.

Mu 1609 Galileo yongereye ubushobozi bwa Telescope yari yarakoze ku buryo yari imaze kwiyongeraho incuro 20. Mu Ukuboza kuwo mwaka, Telecope yari yakoze yari ifite ububasha bwo kureba ku kwezi.

Mu kwezi kwa mbere mu 1610 yari amaze kubona ko ukwezi gufite indi mibumbe igukikije, yaje no gukoresha Telescope abona inyenyeri.

Galileo ku myaka 70 yakomeje gukora, muri Sena yatangiye kwandika ikindi gitabo, gusa hari zimwe mu nyandiko yamazeho igihe zitigeze zijya hanze kubera gushyira ingufu ku mushinga wa telescope.

Mu gusaza Galileo yaje guhinduka impumyi, Gusa akomeza kwigisha ibijyanye na Siyansi kugeza umunsi yapfiriyeho.