Isi yugarijwe n’icyorezo cya Coronavirus, imigabane yose ndetse n’uturere ni uko. Ibihugu bigize Akarere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) kimwe n’ahandi byafashe ingamba bishyiraho amabwiriza atandukanye byo kukirwanya ariko igiteye impungenge ni uburyo bidahuza umurongo, bishobora guteza akaga kagira ingaruka kuri buri kinyamuryango.
Si ikintu gishya kumva ko ibihugu bidahuje umurongo, byaba ibyafashe ingamba nziza n’ibigaragara ko bikijenjetse, byose bigezweho n’ingaruka mbi kuko no mu Masezerano ya Paris 2016 yo kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere byagenze, ubwo Perezida Donald Trump tariki ya 1 Kamena 2017 yatangaje ko igihugu ayoboye cyivanyemo. Byateje icyuho gikomeye mu musaruro aya masezerano yateganyaga kugeraho kuko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ziri mu bihugu bifite inganda nyinshi, kandi zigira uruhare runini mu gusohora imyotsi ihumanya ikirere.
Imbaraga ziri mu guhuza umurongo umwe ni zo zatumye ibihugu biri mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Afurika: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania na Niger; byihuriza muri gahunda ya G5 Sahel igamije guhuriza hamwe imbaraga zo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’umutekano muke giterwa n’imitwe y’iterabwoba. Gusa ariko ibi bihugu biranengerwa kugenza gake intego byihaye, imbaraga z’iyi mitwe zikaba zikomeje kwiyongera, byatewe ahanini no kudahuza umurongo.
Guhuza imbaraga ni cyo ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo bwifuje, ubwo bwasabaga ibihugu bigize Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari gufatanya, bikarwanyiriza hamwe imitwe yitwaje intwaro imaze igihe iteza umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu. N’ubwo ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byiyemeje kujya bihanahana amakuru (biri mu itangazo ry’Intumwa y’akanama k’umutekano ya ONU muri aka karere, Huan Xia ryo ku wa 22 Mata 2020 dufitiye kopi), hari ibyakuyemo akarenge, byanga kohereza ingabo zabyo ngo zifatanye na RDC, ikaba imwe mu mpamvu iyi mitwe ikibarizwa kuri buriya butaka.
Ni nko kwirukana umwanzi, undi akamucumbikira
U Rwanda, Uganda na Kenya bisa n’ibyahuje ingamba zo kurwanya icyorezo cya Covid-19, by’umwihariko ku kuba byarashyizeho ibihe bidasanzwe, abaturage bagasabwa guhagarika ibikorwa byabo mu buryo bw’itegeko. Ariko kandi muri Tanzaniya no mu Burundi, ibikorwa bihuriza hamwe imbaga y’abantu nko gusenga biracyakomeje n’ubwo abayobozi babyo batangaje ko amabwiriza yo gukumira iki cyorezo naho bayashyizeho.
Hejuru y’izi ngamba zafashwe, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka biracyakomeje, kuko amakamyo atwara ibicuruzwa yemerewe kuzenguruka ibi bihugu; ibintu bigaragara ko biteye inkeke ariko bitewe n’aho aba bashoferi baba baturutse. Ikindi kandi, byagaragaye ko muri aka karere, hari abaturage baca mu rihumye abayobozi babo ndetse n’abashinzwe umutekano, bakajya mu bihugu bituranye, bakagaruka mu miryango yabo, bamwe bazana ubu burwayi, abandi baza ari bazima ku bw’amahirwe.
Kwambukiranya ibihugu biracyahari [n’ubwo bikorwa na bake] kandi bigaragara ko ubwandu muri ibi bihugu buri kwiyongera ariko nta ngamba zikakaye zirafatwa, mu gihe ibindi bimaze igihe kirenga amezi abiri byarazifashe. Ibi ni byo byagereranwa no gucumbikira umwanzi umuturanyi yirukanye, cyangwa se kumugarura aho yakubitiwe.
Ingaruka zo kudahuza ingamba
Bishoboka cyane ko igihugu kimwe kigize uyu muryango cyangwa se ibirenze kimwe byashobora guhashya burundu iki cyorezo, abaturage bakemererwa gusubukura ibikorwa byabo imbere mu bihugu ariko ntabwo byakwemera gutanga ubuzima bw’abaturage babyo ngo bifungure imipaka, ubuhahirane n’imigenderanire bikomeze. Hazabaho gutekerezwa niba abaturage baramutse bemerewe kujya mu bindi bihugu by’akarere cyangwa se kwemerera abaturutse hanze kwinjira bitatuma habaho kwanduzanya; abaturage bagasubira mu bihe bibi.
Kuba hari ibihugu bitarafata ingamba zikakaye, byoroshya inzira yo kwanduzanya hagati y’abakora ingendo mu bihugu by’Akarere, iki cyorezo bakagikwirakwiza. Urugero rwa hafi ni muri Uganda, aho bakomeje gutahura abatwazi b’amakamyo baturuka mu karere banduye Covid-19. Imibare dukesha Chimp Reports igaragaza ko Uganda yakira amakamyo 2000 ku munsi, muri buri imwe haba harimo abantu batatu. Ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu bwafashe ingamba zo kujya zipima aba bantu bose ndetse bagashyirwa mu kato, ukaba undi mutwaro cyongerewe.
EAC ishobora guhuza ingamba zo kurwanya Covid-19?
Iki ni ikibazo cyibazwa na benshi kuri uyu muryango ugizwe n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bitumvikana, utegura gahunda zitandukanye ariko bikarangira zidashyizwe mu bikorwa kubera impamvu buri gihugu kinyamuryango cyagiye gitanga.
Kimwe n’indi miryango nk’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ibihugu 20 bikize ku Isi (G20) na Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) byasabwe kunga ubumwe kugira ngo bishobore guhashya iki cyorezo. Byabisabwe kandi n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (WHO). Umurongo bikwiriye guhurizaho ni ingamba zifatwa, gutanga inkunga ndetse n’imisanzu itandukanye ku bikorwa byo guhangana na Covid-19.
WHO kandi iherutse kuburira ibihugu bigize Isi ko bitakwihurira kugabanya ingamba byafashe zo guhangana no gukumira iki cyorezo; by’umwihariko kureka abaturage bagasubukura ibikorwa byabo. Ibitarashyiraho izi ngamba kandi bikomeje kugaragaramo ubu bwandu bizakora iki?
Iki ni igihe gikomeye cyatumye ibihugu byirengagiza inzigo bifitanye, bihuza imbaraga kuko byabonye ko ubwabyo bitashobora guhashya Covid-19. Byagaragaye ko ibihugu nk’u Bushinwa byiyemeje gufatanya n’Amerika, u Burusiya nab wo bwemera gutera inkunga Amerika kandi ubusanzwe byari bizwi ko bidacana uwaka, birangwa n’ubwumvikane buke kuva mu mateka ya nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi (1939-1945).
EAC iramutse igendeye ku ngero z’indi miryango ndetse n’ibi bihugu by’ibihangange, ibihugu biyigize byashyiraho ingamba zimwe zo kurwanya iki cyorezo, ntihabemo igisa no kuvuguruzanya [n’ubwo byaba atari ko bibibona] bityo cyazagenda, kigacikira rimwe kandi byatwara igihe gito ugereranyije n’icyo byatwara ubu, abaturage bagasubira mu buzima busanzwe, batabaye ab’igihugu runaka ahubwo bakaba abo mu muryango w’ibihugu. Ibi byagabanya n’umutwaro igihugu kimwe cyikoreza ikindi mu buryo buziguye, urwikekwe hagati y’abaturage bo mu karere narwo rukavaho.
