Gen. Sultani Makenga, inyeshyamba bitazwi ishyamba irimo

Ijambo ‘inyeshyamba’ rikunze kuvugwa mu Kinyarwanda ushaka kuvuga umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi bishyira hamwe basangiye umugambi wo kurwanya leta mu gihugu runaka, bakabikora bifashishije intwaro zinyuranye za gisirikari. Mu ndimi z’amahanga tumenyereye babita ‘rebels’ cyangwa ‘rebelles’. Muri izo ndimi ntizisobanura neza ngo usange bijyanye n’inyeshyamba kuko ushatse wabita ‘abagumutse’, ‘ibyigomeke’, n’andi mazina nk’ayo.

Inyeshyamba ryagombye kumvikana nk’umuntu cyangwa abantu batuye, bakanibera mu ishyamba runaka. Kwitwa inyeshyamba rero bifite impamvu kuko wa mugani abarwanya leta y’igihugu runaka bahera mu ishyamba aho biborohera kwihisha ingabo za leta cyangwa undi wese barasangiye umugambi. Bityo rero izo nyeshyamba zikagenda zigaba ibitero byaba shuma cyangwa ibigaragara. Buhoro buhoro bajegeza ingabo z’igihugu bagakomeza bava mu mashyamba bafata imijyi mito n’iminini kugeza no ku murwa mukuru ( iyo bahiriwe).

Iyi nzira y’inyeshyamba Gen. Sultan Makenga yayinyuzemo kenshi ariko cyane mu Rwanda, ubwo yinjiraga igisirikari bwa mbere mu ngabo zari iza FPR- Inkotanyi mu mutwe witwaga APR. Yongeye kuba inyeshyamba muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, afatanya n’abandi mu guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu. Yakomeje aba inyeshyamba y’umutwe wa M23, waje gutsindwa gisirikari uhungira igice kimwe muri Uganda ikindi mu Rwanda.

Ubu ntawe uzi ishyamba aherereyemo, abantu bakaba bibaza aho aherereye, ibyo abugiyemo na gahunda afite kuko atagaragara haba mu nkampi za Uganda yari yarahungiye, ntagaragara mu Rwanda, nta n’uwemeza ko yaba ari muri Congo.

Intego y’iyi nkuru si ugushakisha kumenya aho yaba aherereye, kumuvumbura cyangwa kumutungira agatoki [tutabishinzwe] ariko bigaragara ko ibyo yaba arimo abikora mu bwihisho bukomeye, nk’inyeshyamba nyine, abantu bazamenya ari uko abihishuye mu gihe kiri imbere.

Gen. Makenga ni muntu ki?

Usibye ibyo twamuvuzeho hejuru by’ibihe bitandukanye yabaye inyeshyamba, Gen. Makenga yamamaye cyane muri Congo, mu Karere no mu Mahanga, ubwo yayoboraga umutwe w’inyeshyamba zarwanyije leta zifata Goma, umurwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Makenga bakunda kwita mu gisikari S5, yavukiye muri teritwari ya Rutshuru mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru tariki ya 25 Ukuboza 1973, ubu akaba afite imyaka 47. Yavukiye mu muryango w’Abakongomani bavuga Ikinyarwanda. Ni umugabo muremure wirabura, umusirikari w’umurwanyi bivugwa ko azwiho kumasha akomora kubamutoje, APR yinjiyemo akiri umusore. Ni umwe mu basirikari banze gutahana n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zafashije Laurent Désiré Kabila kugera ku butegetsi, nyuma y’aho u Rwanda rufatiye icyemezo cyo gutahana ingabo zarwo ziva muri Congo. Gen. Makenga, Gen. Ntaganda na bagenzi babo banze gutaha mu Rwanda kuko bo bumvaga barageze muri Congo igihugu cyabo kavukire batakivamo, ibintu icyo gihe byababaje u Rwanda.

Ni uko bakomereje mu gisirikari cya Congo bagenda bazamuka mu ntera, bahabwa amapeti yo hejuru. Uyu Makenga yakomeje kuba icyegera cya Gen. Laurent Nkunda mu ntambara zose zabaye muri Congo kugeza no ku ya CNDP mbere ya 2009. Umwanya uyu mu jenerali aheruka mu ngabo za FARC, uw’umuyobozi mukuru mu ngabo, ashinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikari muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Uyu mwanya yaje kuvaho ajya kwifatanya na M23, umutwe w’inyeshyamba wari umaze kuvuka uyobowe na Gen. Bosco Ntaganda. Bivugwa ko yavuye i Bukavu n’abasirikari bamurindaga, ajijisha asa n’unyura ku butaka asanga M23, we aca mu kiyaga akoresheje ubwato maze ingabo za leta zirasana mu mayira n’izimurinda bibaza ko ari we, nuko abacika atyo kugeza ageze mu birindiro by’inyeshyamba.

Aho muri pariki y’ibirunga ahari ibirindiro bya M23, yahise yungiriza uwari umuyobozi wayo Gen. Bosco Ntaganda, bataje kumvikana nyuma, ingabo zicikamo ibice, buri gice gishyigikiye ikindi, uko gusubiranamo kwaje guha icyuho leta ya Congo cyo kubarasa maze ibyo bice byombi biratsindwa, bihungira kimwe ukwacyo mu Rwanda na Uganda muri Mata 2013. Ugusubiranamo byashimishije abandi ba kongomani bari basanzwe banga Abanyarwanda, FARDC yivuga ibigwi ko batsinze urugamba ku ruhande rumwe, naho abandi baturage bavuga Ikinyarwanda benshi bari mu buhungiro mu nkambi z’u Rwanda barababara bikomeye kuko uko urugamba rwa M23 rwari rwifashe bari batangiye kwizera ko bagiye gutaha mu gihugu cyabo. Uko gusubiranamo kugeza ubu hakaba hari abafite ibikomere byo kuba baheze ishyanga nta cyizere bafite cyo kuzataha.

Gen. Makenga aherereye mu rihe shyamba?

Nyuma y’aho uyu mu jenerali ahungiye muri Uganda, hagiye haba ibiganiro binyuranye by’uko abari abarwanyi basubira muri Congo, kugeza ubwo hasinywe amasezerano y’i Addis Abeba y’uko byazakorwa. Ibiyakubiyemo kugeza ubu ntibirubahirizwa. Makenga rero akaba ateye amakenga kuko nko mu myaka ibiri ishize we na bamwe mu bari abarwanyi be basa n’ababuriwe irengero, atari uko bishwe cyangwa bafunzwe kuko ntawe ubaca iryera mu nkambi bahoze babarizwamo muri Uganda. Bikaba byarigeze kuvugwa ubwo batongeye kugaragara mu nkambi ko baba barasubiye mu mashyamba ya Congo. Gusa nta makuru adafite aho abogamiye abyemeza haba ku ruhande rwa leta ya Congo cyangwa ku ruhande rwa Uganda. Haribazwa, agace aherereyemo n’icyo agamije kuko na we ubwe atigeze agira icyo abivugaho.

Kuba leta ya Kabila itarigeze ikemura ikibazo cy’abari abarwanyi ba M23, bituma impuha ziba nyinshi, buri gihe bahora bikanga ko yakongera kubyutsa umutwe. Hari abakeka ko yibera mu mashyamba ahuriweho ku mipaka ya Congo, u Rwanda na Uganda, abandi bahwihwisa ko yaba ari mu Minembwe yifatanya n’Abanyamulenge, n’ahandi hatandukanye. Ibyo byose ariko bikaba ari ugukekeranya ( speculations), kuko nta makuru yizewe arabyemeza.

Aramutse afite gahunda mu gihe Congo itabashakiye igisubizo vuba, birashoboka ko igihe runaka hakongera kwaduka imirwano mu gihugu kirengeje imyaka 20 cyibasiwe n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba isa n’iyananiranye kurandurwa burundu. Gen. Makenga, hari abari mu nkambi bamufata nka Mose wo muri Bibiliya, naramuka akuye impunzi zimaze mu buhungiro bamazemo imyaka irenga 20, abandi bakaba batamubabarira we na bagenzi be ku ntambara biteje ubwabo kugeza batsinzwe . Hatagendewe kuri ibyo kuko bishingiye ku marangamutima kandi amateka y’intambara akaba ari uko akunze kugenda, leta ya Congo ifite inyungu mu gushakira umuti urambye w’iki kibazo, amasezerano ya Addis Abeba akaba yakubahirizwa uko yakabaye, hakaba gutanga imbabazi, gusubizwa mu ngabo, gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, no gucyura impunzi ziri mu nkambi zitandukanye. Ibi bishobora guha umutekano igihugu cya Congo aho guhora hikangwa intambara buri gihe.