Hashize imyaka 173 Liberia ibaye igihugu cya mbere cy’Afurika kibonye ubwigenge

Tariki ya 26 Nyakanga 1847 igihugu cya Liberira cyabonye ubwigenge ku b’Abanyamerika, kiba kibaye imfura mu bihugu bya Afurika bibonye ubwigenge.

Dore uko urugendo rwa ruteye

Repubulika ya Liberia mbere yari agace gafitwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kugeza mu mwaka w’1847.;Muri uyu mwaka, igihugu cy’u Bwongereza cyahatirije Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika guha ubwigenge igihugu cya Liberia cyari icyambu gikomeye mu buhahirane bw’u Burayi, Amerika n’Afurika mu cyitwaga ubucuruzi bw’impande eshatu (Commerce Triangulaire).

Iki gitutu ahanini Abongereza bagishyiraga kuri Amerika bagamije kubona inzira z’ibicuruzwa byabo n’amabuye y’agaciro bakuraga muri Afurika bayajyana i Burayi.

Umuryango The American Colonization Society wafatwaga nk’ufite Liberia mu maboko yawo wari warashinzwe mu mwaka w’1816 n’Umunyamerika Robert Finley. Intego nyamukuru y’uyu muryango kwari ukugarura Abanyafurika bajyanwe muri Amerika n’ubucara mu bice bakomokagamo.

Mu mwaka w’1820, ni bwo abahoze ari abacakara bageze muri Afurika, abenshi muri bo bahise bajya gutuzwa mu gace kari kari mu maboko y’u Bwongereza [Kuri ubu ni mu gihugu cya Sierra Leone].

Umuryango The American Colonization Society watangije intambara ku Bongereza, aho wavugaga ko ushaka guca ubucakara ariko u Bwongereza bwo bugakomeza, igisa n’ubucara bugezweho.

Iyi ntambara yahoshejwe n’intambara ya gisivili yo muri Amerika. Kuva mu 1822 kugeza mu 1847, Liberia yari imaze kwakira Abanyafurika bavuye muri Amerika bagera ku 15,000. Ibi byatumye u Bwongereza butangira gushyira igitutu kuri Amerika ngo ibahe ubwigenge bitorere umuyobozi udakomoka muri Amerika.

Tariki ya 26 Nyakanga 1847, The American Colonization Society ibisabwe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Amerika, yemeye ubusabe bw’abanya Liberia bari bashigikiwe cyane n’u Bwongereza. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe Liberia ibonye ubwigenge, mu 1848 Joseph Jenkins Roberts yatorewe kuyobora iki gihugu nka Perezida wa Repubulika. Liberia iba ibaye Repubulika ya mbere ivutse muri Afurika.

Mu mwaka w’1862, u Bwongereza bwohereje intumwa ibuhagarariye muri Liberia. Iyi ntumwa ngo yari ije gufasha Liberia guca burundu ubucuruzi bw’abacakara bwakorwaga hifashishije umwaro w’iki gihugu.

N’ubwo Liberia yabonye ubwigenge mbere y’ibindi bihugu by’Afurika, yagiye igorwa n’intambara za gisivili mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho. Imwe mu ntambara yamamaye n’iyabaye hagati y’umwaka w’1989 n’1997. Iyi ntambara yarangiye Charles Taylor atorewe kuyobora Liberia, ahabwa inshingano zikomeye zo kuzahura ubukungu n’umubano w’abaturage bari bamaze imyaka myinshi bahanganye mu ntambara za gisivili.