Umuryango w’Akarere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ugizwe n’ibihugu bitandatu: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, u Rwanda, u Burundi na Sudani y’Epfo. Havuyemo Kenya na Tanzania, ibindi bihugu biyobowe n’amashyaka ya politiki amwe mu gihe kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 47 bitewe n’ibikorwa by’ubutsinzi byagiye biyaranga, umuntu yavuga ko ari ibigwi by’aya mashyaka .
U Rwanda ruyobowe n’ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi mu gihe kirenga imyaka 20, u Burundi buyobowe na CNDD-FDD mu gihe kirenga imyaka 15, Tanzania iyobowe na CCM (Chama cha Mapinduzi) mu gihe kirenga imyaka 47, mu gihe Uganda iyobowe na NRM mu gihe kirenga imyaka 34. Ni izihe mpamvu zaba zaratumye aya mashyaka aguma ku butegetsi muri iki gihe cyose? Ni byo tugiye kureba, dushingiye ku mateka y’aya mashyaka:
FPR Inkotanyi mu Rwanda
Uwumva Inkotanyi azi amateka y’u Rwanda yo kuva mu 1990, ahuza neza iri shyaka n’umutwe w’ingabo za RPA (Rwanda Patriotic Army) zari zigizwe n’Abanyarwanda bari impunzi mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga ya kure, zaje gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu , no guhagarika jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abarenga miliyoni imwe bahatakariza ubuzima. Uru rugamba rwarangiye tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 2020, izi ngabo zifashe u Rwanda.
Ubutegetsi bwafashwe na Pasteur Bizimungu, Paul Kagame wari umugaba mukuru wa RPA aba Visi Perezida, bigeze mu 2000 ubwo Bizimungu yeguraga, Kagame yabaye Umukuru w’Igihugu kugeza ubu ngubu.
Umukoro Umuryango RPF Inkotanyi wari usigaranye ni ukunga Abanyarwanda bari baramaze gucikamo ibice, komora ibikomere by’abiciwe ababo ndetse no kuzahura ubukungu isa n’ihereye ku busa nk’uko abayobozi bakuru muri iri FPR bagiye babitangaza. Ibyo byagezweho ku kigero gishimishije, u Rwanda ni urugero rwiza rw’ibihugu bizamukana umuvumba mu bukungu nk’uko amahanga abishimangira.
Intego ya FPR Inkotanyi ni ukuba “umusingi w’ubumwe, demokarasi n’iterambere”.
NRM (National Resistance Movement) muri Uganda
Iri ni ishyaka ryakomotse ku mutwe w’ingabo wa NRA (National Resistance Army) washinzwe mu 1980 n’abarimo Yoweri Kaguta Museveni. Nyuma y’aho NRA itsindiye urugamba rwitiwe Luwero rwo kubohora Uganda mu 1986, ihiritse Milton Obote wari Umukuru w’Igihugu, wageregeje kuzana impinduramatwara, ugerageza gusana aho Obote yari yarananiwe n’aho yari yarangije (yimakazaga ivanguramoko, irondakarere,..).
Muri iyi myaka yose Perezida Museveni uhagarariye NRM amaze ku butegetsi, yazamuye imibereho y’Abagande, ateza imbere igihugu mu buryo bugaragarira amahanga. Umuhungu we, Lt. Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba yemeza ko se ari umuyobozi wa mbere w’impinduramatwara wabashije kugera kuri byinshi.
Chama cha Mapinduzi muri Tanzania
Iri shyaka ryashinzwe na Julius Nyerere muri Gashyantare 1977, nyuma y’aho iki gihugu cyaboneye ubwigenge mu 1961 abigizemo uruhare rukomeye. Bitewe n’icyizere iri shyaka ryagiriwe, abarihagarariraga mu matora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu.
Guhera mu 1977 kugeza mu 1985, Tanzania yayobowe na Julius Nyerere, kuva mu 1985 kugeza mu 1995 iyoborwa na Ali Hassan Mwinyi, kuva mu 1995 kugeza mu 2005 iyoborwa na Benjamin Mkapa, kuva mu 2005 kugeza mu 2015 iyoborwa na Jakaya Kikwete, kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2020 iyoborwa na Dr. John Pombe Magufuli wasimbuwe na Samia Suluhu uri ku butegetsi. Abayoboye Tanzania bose baturuka muri CCM kandi bose barangije manda ebyiri bemerewe.
Iri shyaka rifite umwihariko wo kwita ku iterambere ry’ubuhinzi, nk’umwe mu mirage Julius Nyerere yasize kuko mu mateka ye bivugwa ko ubwo yari Umukuru w’Igihugu, yacishagamo agafata isuka, akifatanya n’abahinzi.
CNDD-FDD (Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense
de la Démocratie) mu Burundi
CNDD ryari ishyaka rya politiki, mu gihe FDD wari umutwe w’ingabo urishamikiyeho. Iri shyaka ryabayeho kuva mu 1994 nyuma y’iyicwa rya Melchior Ndadaye wari Umukuru w’Igihugu, uhangana n’ababigizemo uruhare kugeza mu Kwakira 2002 ubwo Guverinoma y’u Burundi n’umutwe wa FDD byasinye amasezerano y’amahoro, urambika intwaro.
CNDD-FDD ryabaye ishyaka ryemewe mu 2005, icyo gihe rihitamo Pierre Nkurunziza ngo ayobore igihugu, hashingiwe ku masezerano ya Arusha yagennye ugomba gusimbura Perezida w’inzibacyuho.
Kuva mu 2005, CNDD-FDD ni ryo shyaka riyoboye u Burundi. Kuva mu 2005 kugeza mu 2020 ni Pierre Nkurunziza wari uyoboye kugeza apfuye tariki ya 18 Kamena 2020.
Iri shyaka riharanira demukarasi, rigaragara cyane mu bikorwa by’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nka kimwe mu bigize politiki yaryo yo kwihaza mu biribwa.
Aya mashyaka uko ari ane, yose ashobora kuguma ku butegetsi cyane ko nka FPR Inkotanyi yatsindiye indi manda ya kane y’imyaka itanu mu matora aheruka muri uyu mwaka wa 2024 kandi iracyafitiwe icyizere cy’uko yakomeza kuzamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda. Ikindi kandi, nta rindi shyaka rihanganye nayo bigaragara ko rifite imbaraga zo kuyitsinda.
Muri Uganda naho, Yoweri Museveni ashobora kongera guhagararira NRM mu matora yo mu 2026 kandi ashobora kongera gutsinda kuko nta mpinduka nini mu mihatanire ye n’abadashyigikiye poliki ye.
Muri Tanzania, ishyaka CCM naryo nta rindi rifite imbaraga bihanganye, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko uyu Mukuru w’Igihugu ashobora gutsindira indi manda. Imitima y’abaturage yigaruriye, ishobora gutuma CCM ikomeza kuyobora no mu gihe kirekire kiri imbere usibye ko ishyaka Chadema naryo muri iyi minsi ubona ko ririmo kugenda ryigaragaza.
Mu Burundi ho, CNDD-FDD imaze imyaka hafi 20 ku butegetsi, izakomeza iyobore kugeza mu 2027 ubwo hazaba amatora ataha. Hari amahirwe y’uko Perezida Ndayishimiye ashobora kuzatorerwa indi manda, mu gihe yazaba agiriwe icyizere n’ishyaka.
Ibi nabyo birashoboka, kuko bigaragara ko politiki ye idatandukanye cyane n’iya Pierre Nkurunziza ; na we wari ukunzwe n’Abarundi. No muri iki gihugu, ishyaka ryagaragaraga ko ryahangana na CNDD-FDD ni CLN ya Agathon Rwasa ariko nayo yacitsemo ibice ingufu zayo ziratatana bigaragara ko nta cyapfa gukura CNDD-FDD ku butegetsi mu bihe bya vuba nubwo ikomeje gushinjwa gukenesha igihugu.
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Ibigwi by’amashyaka amaze imyaka 15-47 ku butegetsi mu karere
Mwiriwe
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Ariko itariki u Rwanda rwabohoreweho mukosore is not 04/07/2020
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