Ibigwi bya Kamala Harris, Umwiraburakazi wa mbere ubaye visi perezida wa USA

Kamala Harris niwe Munyamerikakazi ufite igisekuru mu Buhinde wabaye senateri, ndetse aba n’Umunyamerikakazi ufite igisekuru muri Afurika wa kabiri wabaye umusenateri, kuri ubu akaba agiye kuba n’Umunyamerikazi wa mbere ufite inkomoko muri Afurika n’umugore wa mbere ugiye kuba visi perezida.

Kamala Devi Harris wavukiye mu Mujyi wa Oakland, muri Leta ya California, ku itariki 20 Ukwakira 1964, ni umunyapolitiki w’Umunyamerikakazi watorewe kujya muri Sena ku iturufu y’ishyaka ry’Abademokarate mu 2016 atangira manda ye mu mwaka wakurikiye.

Nyina, Shyamala Gopalan, wari umukobwa w’umudipolomate w’Umuhinde, ni umuhanga mu binyabuzima wakoze mu bushakashatsi bwa kanseri y’ibere. Yageze muri Amerika avuye muri Tamil Nadu mu Buhinde mu 1958, ku myaka 19 arangiza mu bijyanye n’imirire na endocrinology (ibijyanye n’ikorwa ry’imisemburo) muri Kaminuza ya California Berkeley. Gopalan yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga ya PhD mu 1964.

Kamala na nyina umubyara

Se, Donald J. Harris, ni umwarimu wa Kaminuza ya Stanford mu by’ubukungu, wageze muri Amerika avuye muri Jamaica mu 1961 agiye kwiga muri Kaminuza ya California Berkeley, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya PhD mu by’ubukungu mu 1966.

Harris yaje kuba umushinjacyaha w’akarere wungirije muri Oakland kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1998, aho yamenyekanye cyane mu manza z’ifatwa ku ngufu, icuruzwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, n’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina.

Harris yagiye azamuka mu ntera mu 2004 aza kuba umushinjacyaha w’akarere.
Mu 2010 yatorewe ha Mana kuba umushinjacyaha mukuru wa California arushije uwo bahiganwaga inota rimwe gusa ku ijana, ahita aba umugore wa mbere ndetse n’umunyamerikakazi w’umwirabura uhawe izi nshingano.

Akimara gutangira akazi ke, mu mwaka wakurikiyeho yahise atangira kugaragaza ko adashobora gukoreshwa mu nyungu za politiki, nk’aho yagiye yanga igitutu cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Barack Obama nyuma yo gushaka gukurikirana mu gihugu cyose abantu batangaga inguzanyo mu buryo burimo uburiganya.

Azwiho kandi kuba yaritambitse umwanzuro wiswe ‘Proposition 8’ (2008), wabuzaga gushyingiranwa kw’abahuje ibitsina muri leta, bituma uyu mwanzuro uvanwaho mu 2013. Igitabo cya Harris, “Smart on Crime” (cyanditswe ku bufatanye na Joan O’C. Hamilton mu 2009), cyafashwe nk’icyitegererezo mu gukemura ikibazo cyo gusubiramo ibyaha.

Mu mwaka wa 2012, Harris yatanze ijambo ritazibagirana mu Nama y’Igihugu y’Abademokarate, azamura ishusho ye ku rwego rw’igihugu. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri yashakanye n’umunyamategeko Douglas Emhoff.

Kamala Harris n’umugabo we, Douglas Emhoff

Harris ufatwa nk’inyenyeri izamuka mu ishyaka rye, yinjijwe mu kwiyamamariza umwanya wa Sena ya Amerika wari ufitwe na Barbara Boxer, wari uri kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Mu ntangiriro za 2015 Harris yatangaje kandidatire ye, maze mu kwiyamamaza ashishikariza amavugurura ku mategeko agenga abinjira n’abasohoka no mu bijyanye n’ubutabera mpanabyaha, kongera umushahara, no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abagore mu bijyanye n’imyororokere. Yatsinze byoroshye amatora yo mu 2016.

Nyuma yo gutangira imirimo muri Mutarama 2017, Harris yatangiye gukorera muri komite ishinzwe amakuru y’ubutasi na komite y’ubucamanza, no mu yindi mirimo. Yamenyekanye cyane mu buryo yakoreshaga mu bushinjacyaha abaza abatangabuhamya mu gihe cy’iburanisha, byatumye anengwa n’abasenateri b’Abarepubulikani.

Muri Kamena 2017, yarushijeho gukurikiranwa cyane kubera ibibazo yabajije umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Jeff Sessions, watanze ubuhamya imbere ya komite ishinzwe iperereza ku bivugwa ko u Burusiya bwivanze mu matora ya perezida yo mu 2016; mbere yari yaramuhamagariye kwegura.

Kamala Harris, nyina na se

Nyuma yaho gato, Harris yatangaje ko ashaka kandidatire ya perezida mu ishyaka ry’Abademokarate mu matora yo muri 2020. Kuva mu ntangiriro yagaragaye nk’umwe mu bahatanira umwanya wa mbere, kandi aterana amagambo n’umukandida mugenzi we, Joe Biden mu kiganiro mpaka bakoze kubera ukuntu uyu, Biden yarwanyaga ibyo kujyana abanyeshuri ku ishuri muri za bus mu myaka ya za 1970 na 80, mu zindi ngingo zijyanye no kwiyamamaza.

Nubwo abari bamushyigikiye (Harris) ku ikubitiro babanje kwiyongera, muri Nzeri 2019 kwiyamamaza kwe kwari mu bibazo bikomeye, maze mu Kuboza yivana mu isiganwa. Yakomeje kugira izina rikomeye, cyane cyane aba umuvugizi uharanira amavugurura mu bijyanye n’imibereho n’ubutabera nyuma y’urupfu rw’umwirabura, George Floyd, wishwe n’umupolisi muri Gicurasi 2020.

Imbaraga ze zacecekesheje bamwe mu banenze manda ye nk’umushinjacyaha mukuru, bavuga ko yananiwe gukora iperereza ku byaha byo kwitwara nabi kwa polisi, harimo no kurasa kutavugwaho rumwe.

Kubera ko akarengane gashingiye ku moko kamaze kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri Amerika, Abadepite benshi b’Abademokarate bahamagariye Biden, umukandida w’ishyaka ryabo, guhitamo umugore w’Umunyamerika w’Umwiraburakazi, babonaga ari ingenzi cyane kugirango azagire amahirwe yo gutorwa, nk’uzaba visi perezida we.

Muri Kanama 2020 Biden yahisemo Harris, bityo aba abaye Umwiraburakazi wa mbere wagaragaye ku itike y’ishyaka rikomeye. Muri uku kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 2020, Harris akaba yabaye Umunyamerikakazi wa mbere wirabura watorewe kuba Visi Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.