Ibyo wabemenya kuri TPLF, uwari ubayoboye bafata igihugu mu 1991 ni nawe ubayoboye

Hashize umwaka Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed, atangije intambara ku barwanyi bo mu Ntara ya Tigray yizeza intsinzi yihuse, ariko aba bamuhindukirijeho ibintu tukaba tugiye kurebera hamwe impamvu ibyo yatekerezaga bitabaye ndetse n’impamvu ashobora kwisanga banamwambuye ubutegetsi.

Kuva mu ntangiriro z’Ugushyingo 2020, Igisirikare cya Ethiopia gihanganye n’abarwanyi bo muri Tigray bibumbuye mu mutwe wa TPLF uharanira ubwigenge bw’iyi ntara, abantu bagera mu bihumbi bakaba bamaze kugwa mu ntambara mu gihe abagera ku 400,000 bugarijwe n’inzara nk’uko byemezwa na Loni.

Imirwano yarushijeho gufata intera guhera mu kwezi kwa gatandatu (Kamena) ubwo abarwanyi ba TPLF batangiraga kongera kwigarurira ibice bari barambuwe ndetse bagatangira no gufata ibindi bice mu ntara zituranye na Tigray. Kuri ubu aba barwanyi babashije kwifatanya n’abandi barwanya ubutegetsi ndetse bari gusatira umurwa mukuru, Addis Abeba.

None se aba barwanyi bo muri Tigray ni bantu ki?

Bahoze ari inyeshyamba, bayobora igihugu mbere yo kongera kuba inyeshyamba none barashaka kongera kugifata.

Hagati mu myaka ya za 70, itsinda rito ry’abarwanyi ryashinze TPLF (Tigray People’s Liberation Front), biyemeza kurwanira uburenganzira bw’Abanya-Tigray, ubwoko bungana na 5% by’abaturage batuye igihugu cyose bakomeje guhezwa na guverinoma nkuru.

Bigeze mu myaka ya za 80, TPLF yari imaze kugira imbaraga ari ikibazo gikomeye kuri guverinoma yagenderaga ku matwara y’abakomunisiti yategekeshaga igitugu. TPLF yahise iyobora ihuriro ry’imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi ryiswe EPRDF (Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front) ryaje guhirika ubutegetsi bwari bushyigikiwe na Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyete mu 1991.

Ihuriro ryahise ritangira kuyobora igihugu ariko TPLF aba ari yo yiganza mu myanya ikomeye y’ubuyobozi mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi 30. Uwari ukuriye Abanya-Tigray, Meles Zenawi yabaye Perezida w’inzibacyuho kuva mu 1991 kugeza ku matora ataritabiriwe cyane mu 1995, ubwo yatorerwaga kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Abarwanyi ba TPLF muri za 90 harimo n’abagore

Yayoboye igihugu kuva ubwo kugeza apfuye mu 2012, asimburwa na Hailemariam Desalegn. Muri icyo gihe, Ethiopia yari ifite umuvuduko udasanzwe mu iterambere ry’ubukungu, ariko Guverinoma igashinjwa kutihanganira abatavuga rumwe na yo.

Guverinoma ya EPRDF yayoboye igihugu mu gihe cy’amapfa n’inzara, maze hagati y’1998 na 2000 ijya mu ntambara ishingiye ku mupaka na Eritrea. Icyo gihe uburenganzira bwa muntu bwarakandagiwe, abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakunze kwitotombera itotezwa na ruswa byatumye n’abaturage batangira kubyinubira.

Bigeze mu ntangiriro za 2018, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’imyigaragambyo ya hato na hato irwanya guverinoma y’abo mu moko atandukanye, Guverinoma ya EPRDF yatangiye gucika intege, Hairemariam aregura.

EPRDF yahise itoranya Abiy Ahmed, wo mu bwoko bwa Oromo, ngo amusimbure, nyuma gato atorerwa kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Abiy, utari Umunya-Tigray, wari ufite aho ahuriye hato cyane na TPLF, yahise atangira kwishimira ubwamamare bwe muri rubanda. Hadaciye kabiri, yahise atangira gushyira ku gatebe Abayobozi b’Abanya-Tigray, bamwe abashinja ibyaha bya ruswa, ndetse atangiza amavugurura ya politiki yashyize ku ruhande TPLF.

Abiy Ahmed arahirira kuyobora Ethiopia bwa mbere

Mu mpera za 2019, Abiy yasenye Guverinoma y’ihuriro rya EPRDF ashinga ihuriro rishya yise Prosperty Party (PP). TPLF yanze kuryiyungaho isubira muri Tigray mu ndiri yayo.

Nyuma y’aho amatora ya 2020 asubikiwe kubera Covid-19, TPLF n’abandi bayobozi b’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bashinje Abiy Ahmed gukereza amatora kugirango agume ku butegetsi. Batitaye kuri ibyo ariko abayobozi bo mu Ntara ya Tigray bo bateguye amatora yo ku rwego rw’intara muri Nzeri 2020. Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe, Guverinoma nkuru yatangiye guhagarika amafaranga agenewe ubuyobozi bw’intara.

Bigeze mu Ugushyingo 2020, TPLF yashinjwe gutera no gusahura ibirindiro bya gisirikare byo muri iyi ntara ya Tigray, Abiy Ahmed ahita atangiza intambara yizeza gukubita inshuro byihuse abarwanyi ba TPLF. Ku ikubitiro byaramuhiriye ndetse abarwanyi ba TPLF basa nk’abatatanye bamwe bahungira muri Sudani.

Ariko mu ntangiriro za Kamena 2021, Ingabo za Ethiopia zagiye zisubizwa inyuma zivanwa muri Tigray zamburwa ibice zari zarafashe, none imirongo y’urugamba iragenda irushaho kwegera Addis Abeba, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Abiy Ahmed ahamagarira abaturage kwitegura kurwana ku murwa mukuru.

Nk’uko tubikesha Deutsche Welle, abarwanyi bo muri Tigray bashobora kuba basa nk’abafite imbaraga ariko gufata Addis Abeba ntibizaborohera. Bashobora kwitambikwa n’Abanya-Ethiopia bafite ubwoba bwo gusubira ku butegetsi kw’ishyaka ryabategetse imyaka hafi 30.

Uwari uyoboye abarwanyi ba TPLF bafata igihugu muri za 90 ariko ni nawe ubayoboye

Umugabo uyoboye ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya TPLF kuva mu Ugushyingo 2020 yitwa Tsadkan Gebretensae, ababikurikiranira hafi kandi bemeza ko uyu ari we uri inyuma y’intsinzi TPLF irimo kugeraho muri aya mezi ashize. Usibye kuba ari umusirikare udasanzwe, Gebretensae, wanabaye Umugaba Mukuru w’Igisirikare cya Ethiopia, ubwo iri shyaka ryari ku butegetsi, ni n’umuntu waminuje mu mashuri, witonda kandi utekereza cyane.

Niwe wari uyoboye TPLF n’ubundi ubwo yinjiraga muri Addis Abeba, birukana ku butegetsi Umunyagitugu, Mengistu Hailemariam muri Gicurasi 1991. Ni nawe kandi wari uyoboye Igisirikare cya Ethiopia mu ntambara na Eritrea kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2000.

Gen. Tsadkan Gebretensae ubu ni umugabo ukuze

Uyu mujenerali wamamaye cyane, Tsadkan Gebretensae kuri ubu ni umugabo ukuze w’imyaka 68 ariko ufite ubunararibonye bw’imyaka 50 mu ntambara nk’uko tubikesha Radio Mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa, RFI.

Yavukiye mu misozi ya Chercher, mu misozi miremire yo muri Tigray, aza guhagarika ishuri aho yigagaga muri Kaminuza ya Addis Abeba ibijyanye n’Ibinyabuzima, mu 1976, ajya mu nyeshyamba zarwanyaga abasirikare bari bamaze guhirika Umwami w’Aabami, Haile Selassie, ari kumwe n’inshuti ye biganye, Meles Zenawi. Nyuma yagiye azamuka mu ntera kugeza ubwo ahabwa kuyobora inyeshyamba zigera mu 100,000 za TPLF na brigade ye ikoresha ibimodoka by’intambara itarashoboraga kugira ikintu kiyihagarika.

Amaze kuba umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za Ethiopia, yacishijemo umweyo, yongera kugishyira ku murongo akiyobora mu ntambara cyarwanye na Eritrea. Yacyohereje kandi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare nko muri Somalia na Sudani kugeza ubwo yakurwaga ku mwanya we mu 2001 n’inshuti ye Zenawi yari yarabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe. Aba bagabo bombi bashwanye nyuma y’aho Gen. Tsadkan yahatirije ashaka gufata umurwa mukuru wa Eritrea, Asmara, ariko Zenawi akabyanga.

Gen. Tsadkan Gebretensae apanga intambara na Eritrea

Amaze gusezererwa mu gisirikare no kutumvikana na bagenzi be barwananye muri TPLF, yatangiye gukoreshwa na Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza, Loni cyangwa Sudani y’Epfo nk’umu “Consultant” mu bijyanye n’igisirikare.

Ubwo Abiy ahmed yajyaga ku butegetsi mu 2018, Gen. Tsadkan yishimiye amakuru meza, ariko hashize umwaka yisubiraho avuga ko umutyobozi mushya nta bushake afite bwo kuvugana n’Abanya-Tigray.

Mu Gushyingo 2020, igihe intambara yadukaga, yashyize ku ruhande ibyo atumvikanyeho n’abahoze ari bagenzi be muri TPLF yongera gusubira mu ishyamba no kuyobora inyeshyamba z’Abanya-Tigray zirimo gusatira Addis Abeba na none nyuma y’umwaka w’intambara ikaze zihanganye n’igisirikare cya leta.

Ni umwe mu bahanga mu by’intambara muri Afurika kandi ufite impamyabumenyi za kaminuza zizwi

Uyu “musirikare udasanzwe”, nk’uko abamuzi bamusobanura, ntabwo ari “umwe mu bahanga mu mirwanire beza bo mu gisekuru cye muri Afurika” gusa nk’uko umushakashatsi Alex de Waal wo muri World Peace Foundation abitangaza. Ni n’umucuruzi, washinze akaba na nyir’urwengero ruzwi cyane w’inzoga n’ifamu ihingwamo imboga mu karere yavukiyemo.

Afite kandi impamyabumenyi nyinshi zo muri kaminuza zizwi mu bijyanye na politiki n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Masters degree) mu bijyanye na business administration yakuye muri Open University (OU) yo mu Bwongereza, n’indi mu bijyanye na politiki mpuzamahanga yakuye muri Kaminuza ya George Washington muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Umwe mu bahoze ari abarimu be ndetse avuga ko ari urugero rwiza rw’umuyobozi wo ku rwego rwo hejuru: umugabo “utuje, utekereza, utega amatwi, usa nk’ugira isoni, ufungutse mu bitekerezo, ariko ukoze mu cyuma imbere muri we”.