Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu bihe by’intambara

Ijambo ‘ikiyobyabwenge’ muri iki gihe ryumvikana nk’ikinyobwa, ibyatsi cyangwa ifu, umuntu akoresha ( anywa cyangwa yitera mu mubiri) bigahindura imikorere y’ubwonko, imyitwarire ye nayo igahinduka. Byumvikana mu bihugu bitandukanye nko mu Rwanda bicukurirwa imyobo, bikamenwamo, ibindi bigatwikwa kuko bitemewe kubikoresha, kubihinga no kubicuruza.

Mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 594 mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ikomoza ku bihano biteganyirijwe ukoresha ndetse n’ucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Gusa n’ubwo hari ibihugu byashyizeho amategeko ahana abahinga, abakoresha n’abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge, byagiye byitabazwa n’abasirikare mu gihe cy’intambara, bamwe bakizera ko bituma badatinya kwishora mu rufaya rw’amasasu, bikagabanya impuhwe bagira bari ku rugamba.

Ikiyobyabwenge ni igikoresho, ndetse n’intwaro ifatwa nk’ikomeye mu rugamba. Byarakoreshejwe n’ingabo za Hitler wabaye Umukuru w’Igihugu w’u Budage mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi (1939-1945). Na we ubwe yavuzweho kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kimwe na mushuti we, Benito Mussolini.

Umwanditsi Norman Ohler mu gitabo yise ‘Blitzed’ yasobanuye ubwoko bw’ibiyobyabwenge byakoreshwaga na Hitler birimo Cocaïne na Heroïne, byatumaga uyu muyobozi afatwa nk’utinyitse ku buryo amaso y’Isi yose abibona, amatwi akabyumva. Umushakashatsi Dr. Theodor Morell we agira ati: “Hitler ntiyari yoroshye mu gufata ku kiyobyabwenge. Birumvikana kuko byamugize umudahangarwa.”

Kamienski Lukasz mu 2016 yashyize hanze igitabo gifite umutwe ugira uti: “Ibiyobyabwenge birema umusirikare rurangiranwa”. Yasobanuye iby’imbaraga zidasanzwe ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zigeze kugaragaza mu ntambara ya Vietnam, zakomoraga kuri iyi miti zabaga zarafashe. Ibi byatumye zidashobora kumva ko zishonje, zitsinda ubwoba, ntizumva ubukonje ndetse bibazifasha kwibagirwa ibyazibayeho byaziciye intege.

Izi nyandiko zombi zisobanura icyo ikiyobyabwenge gikora mu gihe cy’intambara. Umusirikare wagifasheho ntagira impuhwe kuko hari abizera ko uwazigize, bishobora kumuviramo gutsindwa urugamba rugikubita kuko yatinya kwica n’uhindukira, akamwica ubwe.

Ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyaha by’intambara

Mu rugamba, kirazira kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare, kirazira kwica abasivili ndetse kirazira gufata ku ngufu [ab’igitsina gore cyangwa ab’igitsina gabo). Abenshi biganjemo abayobozi b’imitwe y’inyeshyamba bagiye bagongwa n’ibyaha nk’ibi, abafashwe bajyanwa imbere y’ubutabera nko mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rw’i La Haye mu Buholandi gusa biragoye guhamya niba barabitewe n’ibiyobyabwenge.

Mu gihe ibiyobyabwenge bihindura imyitwarire y’umuntu, nta gushidikanya ko ubumuntu yagira ari ku rugamba mu gihe atafashe ikiyobyabwenge bwaba butandukanye n’ubwo yagira yagifasheho.

Uretse no mu ntambara, hari abakomeje gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byakuyeho amategeko ahana ababihinga n’ababikoresha. Guhinga urumogi muri Malawi, Afurika y’Epfo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho na hakurya y’inyanja nko muri Jamaica ubu biremewe, kuko barufata nk’umuti.

Nk’uko bigaragara, ikiyobyabwenge kiba cyo mu gihe kigize ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’uwagikoresheje, bikagera no kuri rubanda. Mu gihe kigamije ineza y’abantu cyitwa ‘umuti’. Ntacyo byaba bitwaye mu gihe gikoresheje kugira ngo gikize ba nyir’ukugikoresha. Abasirikare ku rugamba nabo baza muri uwo murongo.

Wowe wumva ute imikoreshereze y’ibiyobyabwenge?