Imyaka 52 irashize Icyizere cy’Abirabura, Martin Luther King yishwe

Tariki ya 4 Mata 1968 ni bwo Umuvugabutumwa akaba n’impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Amerika, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. yishwe arasiwe mu mugi wa Memphis muri leta ya Tennessee, urupfu rwe rwakurikiwe n’imyigaragambyo ikomeye mu migi itandukanye bitewe n’ishingiro ry’ukuri yahaganiraga ko kubohora abaturage bari barahejejwe inyuma n’amateka.

Icyo Luther yaharaniye n’icyo yavugiye i Washington DC mu myigaragambyo y’amahoro yari ayoboye yabereye ku rwibutso rwa Perezida Abraham Lincoln tariki ya 28 Kanama 1963 cyatanze icyizere cy’ubuzima bw’umwirabura muri Amerika ndetse no ku Isi muri rusange. Imbere y’imbaga y’abantu babarirwa mu 250,000 bari bahateraniye, yagize ati: “Mfite inzozi” nyuma yo kwitegereza ihezwa rya bamwe mu birabura muri Leta zitandukanye nka Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi na Florida.

Mu gihe kinini cyari gishize, ntabwo umwirabura yagiraga uburenganzira bwo kubona akazi muri leta, kwemererwa gutora cyangwa gutorwa, bakorerwaga itotezwa mu buryo butandukanye, ivanguramoko, bakicwa ndetse ubukene bwarabokamye bitewe no kudahabwa amahirwe nk’aabandi, Luther yavuze ko afite inzozi z’uko ibi byose byagombaga guhinduka, umwirabura akabaho mu bwisanzure kandi afite amahirwe angana n’ay’umuzungu.

Luther wavutse tariki ya 15 Nyakanga 1929 agendeye ku mahame ya gikirisito, yahaganganye n’aka karengane, ayobora n’ishyaka ryahaganiraga uburenganzira bwa muntu mu 1955. Yateguye imyigaragambyo y’amahoro mu migi na leta zitandukanye, agenda asakaza ubutumwa bushishikariza abayobozi n’abaturage kumva ko ntaho batandukaniye, bityo bagafatwa kimwe.

Inzozi za Luther n’andi magambo akomeye yavuze

Bumwe mu butumwa bwavugaga ku hazaza h’Abanyamerika, mu cyo yise inzozi ati: “Mfite inzozi uyu munsi ko hari igihe ishyanga rizahaguruka rikabaho mu myemerere yaryo. Uku ni ukuri dufashe kugira ngo abantu bose bagaragaze ko baremwe kimwe. Mfite inzozi ko ku musozi wa Georgia abana bahoze ari abacakara bazicarana ku meza y’ubuvandimwe. Mfite inzozi ko igihe kimwe leta ya Mississipi yuzuye akarengane no gukandamizwa izahinduka ikibaya cy’ubwisanzure n’ubutabera. MFITE INZOZI.”

Amagambo akomeye Luther yavuze n’inyandiko ye iherutse kugaragara:

• Iteka igihe gihora ari icya nyacyo kugira ngo dukore ibyiza.
• Ntabwo umwijima wanesha umwijima, keretse umucyo wonyine. Ntabwo urwango rwakuraho urwango, urukundo rwonyine ni rwo rwarutsinda.
• Ikibazo gihoraho kandi cyihutirwa mu buzima ni: “Ese ni iki ukorera abandi?”
• Nahisemo kwizirika ku rukundo kuko urwango ari umutwaro ntashobora kwikorera.
• Amaherezo ntabwo tuzibuka amagambo y’abanzi bacu, ahubwo guceceka kw’inshuti zacu.
• Akazi gahambaye ni ugushyira hamwe abantu, ukabunga maze umujinya bari bafite ugahinduka imbaraga zubaka.

• Inyandiko ye iherutse kugaragara Gashyantare 2020 ku gapapuro gato yasize yanditseho yasobanuraga uko yumva ijambo ‘urukundo’. Yagize ati : « Urukundo ni imbaraga zikomeye cyane mu isanzure. Ni ukudiha k’umutima w’isanzure ry’imico ya muntu. Umuntu ukunda afite uruhare mu kubaho kw’Imana.” Igitangazamakuru CNN cyatangaje ko umuntu washakaga kugura aka gapapuro yagomba kwishyura amadolari y’Amerika 42,000.

Ni iki Martin Luther King avugwaho?

Mu bihe bitandukanye, benshi mu batuye Isi bifashisha ubutumwa Martin Luther King Jr. yavugiye mu rugamba rwo kubohora abari barahejwe muri Amerika. Ubu butumwa bwabaye akabando buri wese yagenderaho kugira ngo ashobore kubana n’abandi mu mahoro, mu bwisanzure n’ubwubahane.

Muri aka kanya ku mbuga zitandukanye, abantu benshi nta kindi bakoze uretse kwandika ubutumwa buherekejwe n’amagambo uyu muvugabutumwa yavuze hagati y’1955 n’1968.

Urubuga rw’ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu by’Amerika (Whitehouse.gov) mu nyandiko rwashyize hanze tariki ya 20 Mutarama 2020, rwanditse ko Martin Luther King Jr. ari Icyitegererezo cy’Umunyamerika Ukunda Igihugu (Model of an American Patriot). Rwifashishije ubutumwa buri mu mvugaruhame y’i Washington D.C mu 1963.

Urubuga rwa Noble Prize rwitiwe Nobel watangije igikorwa cyo gutanga ishimwe ku muntu waharaniye amahoro n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, rugereranya Luther Jr. n’ubutabera ku baturage.

Umwanditsi Steven Thrasher mu busesenguzi bwe bwatambutse kuri The Guardian tariki ya 15 Mutarama 2019, yavuze ko iyo Luther Jr. aba akiriho uyu munsi atari kumvikana n’abanyapolitiki. Yashingiye kuri politiki yo kwikubira (capitalism) Amerika igenderaho, aho umukene adashobora kwitabwaho.

Uyu mwanditsi avuga ko iyi politiki yakomotse mu bihe by’ikandamizwa ry’abirabura mu gihe cy’ubucakara. Kuri Thrasher, ngo iyo Luther aba akiriho ntiyari kwemera ko iyi politiki ikomeza, ubwumvikane hagati ye n’abanyapolitiki bukaba buke.

Abahanga mu bya politiki, filozofi (philosophy) ndetse n’imibanire n’abantu (sociology) kandi bagereranyije imyumvire ya Martin Luther King Jr. n’iya Mahatma Gandhi, wari umunyamategeko w’Umuhinde waharaniye ukwishyira ukizana kw’abenegihugu, agobotora igihugu ingoyi y’ubutegetsi bw’Abongereza.