Ariko kandi hari ibintu umuntu ashobora kuvuga biboneka mu mavanjili, kuba Yezu avuka k’umugore w’isugi, kuba, yaravukiye i Betelehemu, kuba akomoka mu muryango wa Dawudi, bisa kandi bigahura n’imyemerere ya kiyahudi itangira mu kinyejana cya 5 mbere ya Yezu. Ibi rero byakwerekana kw’imyandikire y’amavanjili yagiye mu murongo w’imigani ya cyera na kare kuko Yezu akiriho, nta wigeze avuga ko yavutse atagira se, ko ari mwene Dawudi n’ibindi. Biragaragara k’ubuzima bwa Yezu uko buvugwa mu mavanjili bwashingiye ku bintu bimwe by’ubuzima ariko cyane cyane ku nyubako ya gatigisimu ishaka guhuza ibyahanuwe mu buyahudi y’imyemerere yo gutegereza umucunguzi (croyance messianique juive).
Icya gatatu abanditsi b’ibitabo bishingirwaho, benshi ntibabonye Yezu, Mariko umwanditsi w’Ivanjili ya mbere waje gusubirwamo hafi kimwe na Matayo yari umwigishwa wa Paulo.
Muri make, dufashe icyo twakwita igihe cya Yezu ku giti cye mbere y’uko bifatwa n’abandi mu maboka yabo, dusanga inyigisho ze zigaragaramo ibitekerezo bibiri by’ingenzi:
Imyemerere iri mu murongo w’itsinda ry’aba Esséniens irimo nko: izuka ry’abapfuye, ibatizwa, ubuzima nyuma y’urupfu, umwijima n’urumuri n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Imyemerere iri mu murongo w’aba Hellénistes (ishingiye kuri filozofia ngeliki). Twibutse ko Yezu avuka i Galileya Akarere kari hagati ya Yudeya na Samariya, yari yiganjemo abayahudi b’abasamariya hellénistes itandukanye n’abayahudi ba Yeruzalemu yari ku bitekerezo by’abiyita gakondo (traditionalistes).
ABAKIRISITU BA MBERE NYIRIZINA
Nkuko twabivuze, Yezu amaze gupfa, ibitekerezo n’inyigisho bye byafashwe n’abigishwa be ndetse n’abigishwa b’abigishwa be. Kw’isonga hari abitwa Petero kugeza mu mwaka wa 44 hanyuma bifatwa na Jacques kugeza mu mwaka wa 62. Petero na Jacques baje kugirana ikibazo cy’imyumvire, Jacques avuga k’uwinjiye mu bukirisitu agomba kubanza kuba umuyahudi naho Petero we akavuga ko atari ngombwa. Kuba Umuyahudi byavugaga gukurikiza amategeko ya Mussa.
Izo mpaka zakemuriwe mu nama nk’ebyiri zabaye I Yerusalemu bamwe bita concile abandi ikoraniro rya Yeruzalemu (mu myaka ya 50 (49-58) bafata imyanzuro y’uko n’abapagani bahabwa ubutumwa bwa Yezu ndetse bajya no mu mategeko y’imibereho yari asanzwe ari aya kiyahudi. Aha havutse itandukaniro nyaryo hagati y’ubukirisitu buvuka n’ubuyahudi busanzwe byaje no kuvamo icyitwa ubuyahudi talmudique buhanganye n’ubukirisitu primitif.
Ntawavuga ko kugeza ubu ubukrisitu bwavutse, ahubwo yavuga ko bwenda kuvuka.
Nyuma y’iryo zurungutana ry’ibitekerezo bidahuye, nibwo havutse Umuntu mushya witwa Sauli Paulo, ngo wabonekewe na Yezu ajya i Damas. Twibutse ko Paulo yari umuyahudi w’umufarizayo ariko kandi w’umu helléniste. Asanga Petero amaze gusaza, amurusha imbaraga maze amwambura ibintu aba ariwe uhinduka Kizigenza. Idini rya Paulo ryari rikubiye mu bintu nka bibiri :
•Icya mbere Yafashe iby’ubuyahudi byose maze avuga ko ibya Yezu ari ihishurwa risimbura byose ariko atabivanyeho, ahubwo bibiha umurongo.
•Icya kabiri ni ubutumwa bugenewe bose, kuko amategeko atarikiri ngombwa ko ahubwo avuguruwe. Umuntu abikubiye mu mvugo imwe, ibya Paulo byakwitwa uruvange rw’ubuyahudi n’ubukristu (judéo-christianisme). Icyo gihe, ubukirisitu bwari urwo ruvange rw’ibitekerezo binyuranye, ndetse bisa n’ibihanganye ariko bidafite umurongo umwe munsi ya Kiliziya imwe. Ibyo bizaza mu bihe bikurikiraho nko mu kinyejana cya gatatu.
Bimwe mu birango byariho iki gihe abakrisitu ba none batazi : ni uko iki gihe Umusaraba utari uzwi mu bukirisitu, Ubukirisitu bwarangwaga n’amafi abiri (ichtus). Nyuma y’izo mpinduka ndetse twavuga ko yateje intambara y’amakiliziya mu bukristu, Umuntu yavuga ko mu kinyejyana cya kabiri hari ubukirisitu butangiye kugimbuka buteye butya :
Kiliziya ya Petero, iya Jacques n’iya Paulo bitanga icyo twakwita ubukristu buyahudi (christianisme judaïque), Hakaba n’ikindi gice cy’ubukirisitu buri mu murongo wa Mariya Madeleine na Simon bita ubukirisitu gnostique mu murongo hellénique. Tuvuge gato kw’itandukaniro ry’ubu bukirisitu gnostique n’ubundi bukrisitu: ni uko Ubu bukrisitu gnositique bushingira kw’izamuka rya muntu yegera Imana (elevation personnelle), ntibwemera icyaha cy’inkomoko, ntibwemera ko Yezu ari Imana, ntibwemera ko yazutse, bumufata nk’urugero rwiza gusa rwo kureberaho.
IYAMAMAZA RYA MBERE RY’IRI DINI RISHYA RYA GIKIRISTU
ABAMAMAZA:
Ubukrisitu bwatangiye ari idini iboneka cyane cyane mu mijyi kuruta mu byaro. Higaragaje imigi nk’ine kurusha iyindi: Yeruzalemu muri Yudeya, Antiyokiya muri Syiriya, Alexandriya muri Misiri na Roma yo mu Butaliyani. Nkuko amateka mu by’ukuri y’umugani abivuga (légende), abigishwa ba Yezu bakwiriye isi mu buryo buteye butya : Petero yagiye Roma, Andereya mu Bugiliki, Jacques muri Espagne, Filipo muri Turikiya, Barthélemy muri Armeniya, Tomasi mu Buhinde, Matayo muri Iran, Mariya Madalena mu Bufaransa, Paulo I Roma naho Mariko mu Misiri. Ibi ni umugani nk’iyindi yose. Ibyo aribyo byose hatangiye gahunda yo kwamamaza buriya bukrisitu nabwo ubwabwo bukijagaraye muri iyo myumvire myinshi kandi itandukanye.
