Mu mateka ni we mugore warwanye urugamba rukomeye, apfa atabonye icyo yarwaniye

Hari abagore benshi bagarukwaho mu mateka ya Afurika ku kuba barakoze ibikorwa by’ingirakamaro, aho usanga bamwe bafatirwaho ingero bakigwa mu mashuri cyangwa bakabera bamwe icyitegererezo ku buryo bakura bumva bashaka kuzamera nka bo.

Hari umugore cyangwa se umukobwa utagarukwaho cyane mu mateka ariko arihariye mu babayeho b’abanyafurika barwanye urugamba mu ntambara. Yitwa Josina Machel.

Josina Machel yari umukobwa muto cyane ku buryo bamwe batatekerezaga ko yajya ku rugamba. Twamugereranya n’uvugwa mu nkuru yakunzwe ndetse ikamenyekana mu Rwanda witwa Ndabaga, wacunguye se ubwo yari ku rugamba.

Josina Abiathar Muthemba Machel yavutse ku itariki ya 10 Kanama 1945 mu gace ka Inhambane. Yabayeho ari indwanyi kabuhariwe mu mutwe wa FRELIMO waharaniraga ubwigenge, aho se umubyara n’abakuru be bafunzwe bazira kurwanya abanya-Portugal.

Nk’abandi Banyafurika bose, baharaniye impinduka mu bihugu byabo bagaharanira ko haba impinduka. Josina ni urugero rw’umugore wahagurutse agaharanira ko Mozambique ibona ubwigenge, yarahagurutse yambara impuzankano ya gisirikare arwana mu ntambara yo gushaka ubwigenge ndetse ashishikariza abandi bagore hirya no hino mu gihugu guhaguruka bakajya na bo ku rugamba.

Josina Machel mu myaka ye y’ubwana yinjiye mu muryango w’Abanya-Mozambique witwa Núcleo dos Estudantes Africanos Secundários de Mocambique (NESAM), waharaniraga gushyigikira umuco bwite wabo ndetse no kwigisha inyigisho za politiki mu banyeshuri b’Abanyamozambike.

Ubwo yari atangiye kwiyumvamo politiki mu bitekerezo bye, yinjiye muri Tanzania ajya muri FRELIMO yari ifite icyicaro i Dar es Salaam. Mu bo bajyanye icyo gihe harimo umusore w’imyaka 21, ubu ni umusaza yitwa Armando Emilio Guebuza wabaye Perezida mu myaka mirongo ine yakurikiyeho guhera 2005 kugeza muri 2015.

Mu mateka byibukwa ko Tanzania, mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Mwalimu Julius Nyerere yabafashije akabacumbikira muri Tanzania icyo gihe cyose abo barwanyi ndetse na bamwe bari barahunze ubutegetsi bwa bakoloni benshi bari impunzi zaturukaga muri Afurika y’Epfo zahohoterwaga zigakorerwa ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo n’abakoloni, bose bahungiye muri tanzaniya Nyerere arabafasha abaha ubuhungiro.

Ubwo bari mu mu muhanda, Josina n’inshuti z’urungano barafashwe bagwa mu biganza by’abakoloni mu gace bagenzuraga kitwa Rhodesia. Bahise boherezwa mu gace ka Lourenco Marques ubu ni mu murwa mukuru wa Mozambique muri Maputo bahafungirwa igihe kinini.

Nyuma y’igihe kinini, abagize FRELIMO bakoze ubukangurambaga hirya no hino biza gutuma arekurwa, ashakisha uburyo yazambuka akagera muri Tanzania, ku bw’amahirwe agerayo nta nkomyi.

Amaze kuzuza imyaka 20, Josina yayoboye itsinda ry’abanyeshuri b’Abanyamozambike babaga bakaniga muri Tanzaniya.

Josina yahawe amahirwe yo kujya gukomereza amasomo muri kaminuza i Burayi ariko yanga kujyayo bitewe n’umuhate n’intego yari afite zo kubohoza igihugu cy’iwabo, ahitamo kuguma muri Afurika agahangana n’abanya-Portugal bari barigaruriye igihugu cyabo.

Josina afatwa nk’umwe mu bantu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu guharanira ko umugore agira agaciro yifashishije umutwe yabarizwagamo wa FRELIMO. Icyo gihe bamwe mu bagore batangiye kujya ku rugamba ndetse abagore bose baratinyuka bumva ko nabo bashoboye ibyo umugabo akora nabo babibasha.

Uretse kurwana ku rugamba, uyu mutwe wari ufite inshingano zitandukanye harimo gufasha mu bijyanye n’uburezi, mu mibereho ya rubanda, kwita ku bantu no gufasha abari baragize ibibazo biturutse ku ntambara.

Kuba yarakoze imyitozo ya gisirikare mu karere ka Nachingwea muri Tanzaniya, byatumye ahabwa ipeti mu mutwe wa FRELIMO ahita ahabwa kuyobora abagore mu rwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga afite imyaka 24.

Mu mwaka 1967, yagizwe umuyobozi mu ishyaka wari ushinzwe ibijyanye n’imibanire, ni nabwo yashakanye na Samora Machel, wari ugiye kuzaba Perezida wa mbere Mozambique yabonye ubwigenge mu mwaka 1975. Aba bombi barahiriwe bakimara kubana, maze babyarana umwana w’umuhungu bamwita Samora Junior.

Josina wari wishimiye kuzabona abaturage ba Mozambique babayeho mu buzima bwiza bigenga batakiri ku gitugu cya Portugal, yasigiye inshuti ze muri Tanzania umwana yari amaze igihe gito abyaye, yerekeza ku rugamba muri Niassa na Cabo Delgado mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique.

Ahagana mu mwaka 1970, yatangiye kugira uburwayi bukomeye, maze ubuzima bwe butangira kuba bubi cyane, ku itariki 7 Mata 1971 apfira i Dar es Salaam mbere ho imyaka ine atabonye ibyo yamaze imyaka arwanira, ari byo ubwigenge bwa Mozambique. munsi yapfuyeho wizihizwa nk’umunsi w’abagore muri Mozambique.

Josina yirengagije imvugo n’ibitekerezo byariho muri iyo myaka byahezaga abagore, yanga kurebera cyangwa ngo aceceke amabi yakorerwaga Abanyafurika bagenzi be, arahaguruka ajyana n’abagabo ku rugamba. Ikibabaje cyane ni uko yapfuye atabonye ibyo yavunikiye imyaka n’imyaka mu bwana bwe atarebye aho muri Mozambique baririmba “Liberdade! Liberdade!” bisobanuye ngo “Ukwigenga, ukwigenga” cyangwa “Ubwigenge ubwigenge!”

Tariki ya 7 Mata buri mwaka, abanya-Mozambique bizihiza ibikorwa by’ubutwari byaranze Josina Machel, banibuka urupfu rwe.

Yanditswe na Niyobuhungiro David

 
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