Muammar al-Qaddafi (Khadafy, Gadhafi, Qadhdhafi) yavukiye muri Surt, Libya mu 1942. Yishwe n’abarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwe bifatanyije n’ingabo z’umuryango wa NATO ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2011 ahiritswe ku butegetsi yari yaragiyeho mu 1969.
Qaddafi wavukiye mu butayu muri Libya yarangije muri Kaminuza ya Libya mu 1963, mu 1965 na bwo arangiza amasomo ya gisirikare mu kigo cya Libya, aba umwe mu basirikare bakomeye mu gihugu, aho yanaje kuba umugaba mukuru w’igisirikare cya Libya. Yagarukiye ku ipeti rya ‘Colonel’ cyane ko atigeze yifuza kurirrenza. Mbere ho gato, Qaddafi yari yaratangiye gutegura uburyo azahirika ubutegetsi bw’Umwami Idris I maze umugambi umuhira ku wa 1 Nzeri 1969.
Qaddafi yakuye muri Libya ingabo z’Amerika n’Ubwongereza mu 1970, yirukana Abataliyani n’Abahudi. Mu 1973, yambuye abanyamahanga umutungo wa peteroli wari muri Libya, awugira uw’igihugu. Agendeye ku mahame ya kiislamu yari yimirije imbere [cyane ko yari mu bakomeye mu idini], yaciye ibinyobwa bisembuye ndetse n’urusimbi mu gihugu. Igisirikare cye cyagije uruhare mu igeregeza ry’ihirika ku butegetsi bwa Misiri na Sudani, ndetse igihugu cye kikaba cyaragije uruhare mu makimbirane yamaze igihe muri Chad.
Qaddafi yashinjwe gufasha imitwe y’iterabwoba mu mahanga, nka Black Panthers, Nation of Islam wari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, afasha Irish Republican Army muri Ireland. Ingabo za Libya kandi ngo zajyaga kwicira abarwanya ubutegetsi bwayo mu mahanga kandi ikaba yaragize uruhare mu bitero by’iterabwoba byagabwaga n’ibyihebe byo muri Palestine n’Abarabu ku mugabane w’i Burayi.
Kubera ibi bikorwa byo gufasha imitwe y’iterabwoba yari yegamiye ku idini rya Isilamu, amakimbirane ye n’Amerika ndetse n’Uburayi cyane nk’Ubwongereza yariyongereye. Muri Mata 1986, indege za gisirikare z’Amerika zabaga muri Bwongereza zagabye igitero muri Libya, zica bamwe mu bana be, Qaddafi aracika.
Ibitero bitandukanye byatumye Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Amerika bikura Libya mu miryango mpuzamahanga mu 1988 no mu 2003 ari bwo Qaddafi yatangaje ko arakeye kugaba ibitero. Washington DC yakuyeho bimwe muri ibi bihano gusa abenshi ntibabyishimiye kuko ntibumvaga ukuntu iki gihugu kigaruka mu muryango mpuzamahanga.
Mu 2009, Qaddafi yatorewe kuba Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, arangwa n’imbwirwaruhame ndende kandi zirimo amagambo akakaye anenga ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi, ahamagarira Afurika kunga ubumwe maze ikigira.
2011 wabaye umwaka w’iherezo rya Qaddafi, ubwo mu mugi wa Benghazi habaga imyigaragambyo imusaba kuva ku butegetsi. Imyigaragambyo yageze mu duce twinshi tw’igihugu ari na ko Qaddafi yoherezaga ingabo na polisi ngo zibasubize inyuma, hifashishijwe n’intwaro zikomeye harimo indege. Amahanga yamunengeye ibi bikorwa byo kwica abaturage ndetse arabimubuza ariko we atangaza kuri televiziyo ko atazigera ahagarika kwica abo yitaga abagambanyi b’igihugu.
Qaddafi n’umuryango we bahise bafatirwa ibihano byo kutajya mu mahanga, umutungo wabo urafatirwa ndetse igisirikare cye gihagarikirwa kugura intwaro ari na ko abigaragambyaga bahabwaga ubufasha buturutse hanze. Ku wa 7 Werurwe 2011, akanama k’umutekano kafashe umwanzuro wo kohereza igisirikare muri Libya ngo barinde abaturage bicwaga kuko Qaddafi yari yanze kumanika amaboko. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orginazation) irimo Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Canada,… yemerewe kohereza indege z’intambara muri iki gihugu ku bufatanye n’abarwanyaga Qaddafi bamuhirika arasiwe muri Surt ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2011. Ibi bitero byatwaye kandi na bamwe mu bagize umuryango we nka Sayf al-Arab n’abuzukuru batatu.
