Mu gihe benshi bari bamenyereye kubona u Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo nk’ibihugu byari bimaze imyaka myinshi bifitanye umwuka mubi, umwaka wa 2026 watangiye kugaragaza impinduka zitunguranye muri dipolomasi y’ibi bihugu byombi.
Uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda i Pretoria ndetse n’ubushake bw’impande zombi bwo kongera kuzahura umubano byatumye hibazwa icyihishe inyuma y’iyo gahunda.
Ese ni ugukemura ibibazo byari bimaze imyaka hagati y’ibihugu byombi? Cyangwa hari inyungu za politiki n’ubukungu ziri gutuma impande zombi zongera kwegerana, harimo n’impinduka zigaragara mu mubano wa Afurika y’Epfo na RDC?
Iherezo ry’imyaka y’ubukonje?
Mu gihe kirenga imyaka icumi, umubano hagati ya Kigali na Pretoria waranzwe n’ibibazo bikomeye bya dipolomasi.
Hari ibihe ambasaderi birukanwaga, ibikorwa bya dipolomasi bikagabanywa, ndetse hakabaho kutizerana ku mpande zombi.
Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ibihugu byombi byatangiye kubona ko gukomeza kubana nabi bitakiri mu nyungu zabyo.
Afurika y’Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika, mu gihe u Rwanda rwiyubatse nk’igihugu gifite uruhare rugaragara muri dipolomasi y’akarere ndetse no mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro.
Ibyo byatumye impande zombi zitangira kureba kure aho gukomeza kurebera ku mateka y’amakimbirane.
Tshisekedi yaba yarahinduye icyerekezo i Washington?
Kimwe mu bibazo biri gutuma abasesenguzi bibaza byinshi ni impinduka zigaragara mu mubano wa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi na bimwe mu bihugu byari inshuti ze za hafi.
Mu myaka yashize, Afurika y’Epfo yari umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ba Kinshasa, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’umutekano.
Yohereje ingabo muri RDC binyuze mu butumwa bwa SAMIDRC, igaragaza ubushake bwo gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi.
Ariko nyuma y’ibibazo byahuye n’ubu butumwa, birimo n’abasirikare bahasize ubuzima, Pretoria yatangiye kubona ko ikibazo cya Congo kidashobora gukemurwa n’imbaraga za gisirikare gusa.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, Tshisekedi yatangiye kongera kwegera cyane Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ishoramari mu mabuye y’agaciro n’umutekano.
Muri politiki mpuzamahanga, iyo igihugu gitangiye gushyira amagi yacyo yose mu gatebo kamwe, abafatanyabikorwa bamwe bashobora gutangira gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kurinda inyungu zabo.
Afurika y’Epfo ishobora kuba yaratangiye kumva ko RDC iri gushyira imbere Washington kurusha abafatanyabikorwa bayo bo muri Afurika, bityo igatangira kongera kubaka ibiraro n’ibindi bihugu bifite ijambo rikomeye ku mugabane, harimo n’u Rwanda.
Nubwo nta kimenyetso gifatika cyerekana ko Ramaphosa na Tshisekedi batumvikana, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko inyungu za buri ruhande zitakiri ku murongo umwe nk’uko byahoze mbere.
Ikibazo cy’abimukira: Kigali yahisemo inzira y’ibiganiro
Mu minsi ishize, Afurika y’Epfo yongeye kotswa igitutu nyuma y’amakuru n’amashusho byagaragazaga ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ihohoterwa bikorerwa bamwe mu bimukira baturuka mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Mu bihe nk’ibi, ibihugu byinshi bikunze gusohora amatangazo yo kwamagana Pretoria cyangwa guhamagaza abadipolomate babyo.
Ariko u Rwanda rwafashe undi murongo.
Kigali yagaragaje ko kwamagana Afurika y’Epfo bidatanga umuti urambye ku kibazo, ahubwo ko hakenewe ibiganiro, ubufatanye n’ingamba zifatika zo kurengera uburenganzira bw’abimukira.
Uyu mwanya watunguye bamwe kuko wari utandukanye n’uw’ibihugu byinshi byahisemo gukoresha igitutu cya politiki.
Ku ruhande rwa Pretoria, kuba igihugu nk’u Rwanda cyaragaragaje ubushake bwo gushaka ibisubizo aho kwinjira mu murongo wo kwamagana bishobora kuba byaragize uruhare mu kongera icyizere hagati y’impande zombi.
Inyungu z’ubukungu zishobora kuba ari zo ziri imbere
Nubwo ibitekerezo byinshi byibanda ku bibazo bya RDC n’umutekano, ukuri ni uko inyungu z’ubukungu zishobora kuba ari zo ziri gutuma Kigali na Pretoria byegerana.
Afurika y’Epfo ikeneye amasoko mashya, ishoramari rishya n’abafatanyabikorwa bashya ku mugabane bafite politiki y’ishoramari ihamye.
U Rwanda narwo rukeneye gukomeza gukurura ishoramari no kwagura ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bikomeye bya Afurika.
Mu gihe isi ihanganye n’ihindagurika ry’ubukungu, ibihugu byinshi birimo guhitamo gushyira imbere inyungu zifatika aho gukomeza gutsimbarara ku makimbirane ya politiki.
Afurika y’Epfo irashaka kongera kubaka isura yayo muri Afurika?
Hari n’ikindi gishobora kuba kiri inyuma y’iyi dipolomasi nshya.
Mu myaka ishize, Afurika y’Epfo yakunze kunengwa n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika kubera ibibazo by’abimukira, kugabanuka k’uruhare rwayo muri dipolomasi y’umugabane ndetse n’ibibazo by’ubukungu byayugarije.
Kongera kubaka umubano n’u Rwanda, igihugu gifite ijambo rikomeye muri dipolomasi nyafurika, bishobora gufasha Pretoria kongera kwerekana ko ishaka kuba umuhuza n’umwubatsi w’ubufatanye aho kuba igihugu gikunze kujya mu makimbirane.
Afurika iri kwinjira mu gihe gishya cya dipolomasi?
Mu by’ukuri, ibyo biri kuba hagati ya Kigali na Pretoria bishobora kuba birenze umubano w’ibihugu bibiri gusa.
Birashoboka ko ari ikimenyetso cy’uko Afurika iri kugenda iva muri dipolomasi ishingiye ku matsinda n’amakimbirane ikajya mu gushyira imbere inyungu z’umugabane, aho ubukungu, umutekano n’ubufatanye bihabwa agaciro kurusha amateka y’amakimbirane.
Niba uwo murongo uzakomeza, Kigali na Pretoria bishobora kuba biri gutanga urugero rw’uburyo ibihugu byari bimaze imyaka birebana ay’ingwe bishobora kongera kubaka icyizere no gukorera hamwe.
Umwanzuro
Ukwegerana kwa Kigali na Pretoria gushobora gusobanurwa n’impamvu nyinshi zirimo inyungu z’ubukungu, impinduka mu kibazo cya RDC, ubushake bwo gukemura amakimbirane binyuze mu biganiro ndetse n’inyota ya Afurika y’Epfo yo kongera kugira uruhare rukomeye muri dipolomasi ya Afurika.
Nubwo hakiri kare kuvuga ko ibibazo byose byakemutse hagati y’impande zombi, ibimenyetso biri kugaragara byerekana ko Kigali na Pretoria bishobora kuba byatangiye kubaka umubano mushya ushingiye ku nyungu zifatika kurusha amakimbirane y’amateka.
