Rwanda 2019: Umwaka w’umutekano, usize igihato muri dipolomasi

Umwaka wa 2019 uvuze byinshi ku gihugu nk’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’umutekano n’ububanyi n’amahanga! kuko usize benshi mu nyeshyamba n’abayobozi bayo barwanya leta y’u Rwanda bishwe, hari abagaruwe mu gihugu, abandi basubiranyemo. nubwo havugwa umutekano mwiza, mu bubanyi n’amahanga ho ibyiza byinshi bibangikanye n’ “igitotsi” mu mibanire n’abaturanyi. Urugamba rukomeye mu rwego rwa dipolomasi (diplomacy)!

U Rwanda ni igihugu kimaze kwiyubaka no kugera kuri byinshi. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, byari urugamba rutoroheye igihugu muri rusange n’abayobozi, ku mpande zitandukanye. Ibi byatumye amahanga n’abanyarwanda ubwabo bakora bivuye inyuma kugira ngo igihugu kiyubake, cyongera gutekana ndetse kibe nyabagendwa. Umutekano , ububanyi n’amahanga n’ibindi tudatindaho, dore ko ari byinshi, biba bigize ubuzima bw’igihugu muri rusange. Aho habaye ibitero by’abagizi ba nabi byabaye inshuro zitandukanye ndetse bidasize ububanyi n’amahanga

Twavuga ko u Rwanda rwakomeje kwiyubaka mu buryo ubu n’ubu , ariko mu ibice bituma igihugu kigira iterambere harimo kuba gifite umutekano wizewe. Koko rero, nta munyamahanga wagenderera igihugu atizeye umutekano! Ikindi ni uko igihe igihugu cyaba gifite ‘diplomacy’ ijegajega, byagorana ko habaho ubuhahirane n’imigenderanire myiza, dore ko biri mu bizana amadovize , ndetse bigatuma igihugu kiba ubukombe mu rwego mpuzamahanga.

Tugaruke ku mutwe w’inkuru : umutekano na dipolomasi (diplomacy) nk’ inkingi za mwamba mu gutuma igihugu n’ubuyobozi bwacyo bigirirwa ikizere. Iyo dusubije amaso inyuma, dusanga umwaka wa 2019 usize Leta y‘u Rwanda hari byinshi yishimira mu rwego rw’umutekano, nubwo hakiri byinshi byo gukora. Usize na none abashinzwe dipolomasi (dipromacy ) bishimira byinshi bituma igihugu gihagaze neza mu ruhando mpuzamahanga . Nyamara, hari urundi ruhande rwijimye, kubera ko usize urwikekwe no kurebana ay’ingwe kw’ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda, ari nako abaturage babyo bakomeje kuhababarira kuko nta buhahirane bukiharangwa.

Abarwanya u Rwanda mu marembera!

Urwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga, cyangwa se dipolomasi (diplomacy), rwageze kuri byinshi byiza, byagize n’akamaro ku rwego rw’umutekano w’igihugu. Urugero ni nk’ ibimaze iminsi bibera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ahari hakambitse imitwe irwanya leta y’u Rwanda, nka FDLR , RUDI-URUNANA, CNRD , P5 na FLN. Bivugwa ko ingabo za FARDC zayijegeje igatatana, bamwe bagafatwa bagasubizwa mu Rwanda. Si aba gusa kandi, kuko n’ishyaka rya Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa (RNC) ryagizweho ingaruka habaho gusubiranamo no kwirukanwa kwa bamwe.

Uyu mwaka wa 2019 muri RNC bafatwa nka opozisiyo ikomeye ntibahiriwe , ariko ibi byose bishingiye ku mwuka mubi wari mu bayoboke b’iri shyaka, umwuka waje kubaho mubi cyane nyuma y’ ibura ry’ umuyoboke waryo ukomeye Ben Rutabana, ibintu bitavuzweho rumwe bityo bitera amakimbirane, aho byagaragaye ko hari igice kiyobowe na Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa n’ icy’abamurwanya.

“Ibitero shuma” bihungabanya umutekano

Umwaka wa 2019 wabayemo ibitero bihungabanya umutekano, ndetse bikica abaturage, mu ntara z’Iburengerazuba, Amajyarugu no mu y ‘ Amajyepfo mu turere twa Rubavu, nko mu turere twa Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru na Musanze.

Inzego zishinzwe umutekano w’ igihugu zagiye zigaragaza ko abagabye ibyo bitero babaga baturutse muri Congo no mu Burundi, ibitero byagiye bikomwa imbere nubwo hari byagendaga bihitana ubuzima bw’ abaturage.

Umwaka wa 2019 utangira, u Rwanda rwashyizwe mu duce tutizewemo umutekano, cyane cyane ahegereye parike ya Nyungwe, Parike y’ Akagera n’ iy’ i Birunga, ahegereye umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Uganda, ibihugu bimwe bikomeye kandi by’ ibihangange bikaba byarabujije abaturage babyo kwirinda gukora ingendo no gutemberera muri ibyo bice.

Tugarutse kuby’umutekano bifitanye isano na dipolomasi (diplomacy) umuntu yavuga ko umwaka wagenze neza kuko urangiye bamwe mu bayobozi b’imitwe yigambaga guhungabanya umutekano w’ u Rwanda, barakomwe mu nkokora, abandi bakaba bari imbere y’ubutabera, mu gihe nta makuru yizewe agaragaza ko u Rwanda rwabigezeho ku mbaraga za gisirikari hanze yarwo, usibye iza dipolomasi (diplomacy). Icyibazwa gusa kugeza ubu akaba ari ukuntu igihugu nka Congo cyaba cyaribwirije kurwanya iyo mitwe yari imaze imyaka 25 ihakorera nta nkomyi.

Mu rwego rwo gusenyuka kw’ iyo mitwe, nk’uko twabigarutseho mu nkuru zacu zatambutse, twavuga bimwe mu by’ ingenzi byayibayeho. Tariki ya 17 Nzeri 2019, mu rukerera, igisirikare cya Leta (FARDC), cyatangaje ko cyishe Lt Gen. Mudacumura Sylvestre, wari umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba za FDLR/FOCA, yicanwa n’ ibindi byegera bye birimo Col Serge, wari umunyamabanga we, Maj Gaspard wari umurinzi we mukuru, na Soso Sixbert wari umunyamabanga wihariye wa FFLR-FOCA, naho abagera kuri 15 bafatwa mpiri. Iki gitero kikaba cyarabereye muri Bwito muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru.

Bidatinze haje amakuru ry’ iyicwa rya Brig. Gen. Juvenal Musabyimana wari uzwi ku mazina ya Afurika Jean Michel wayoboraga umutwe wa RUD- Urunana witandukanije na FDLR, wiciwe mu Busanza muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru.

Kuwa 03 Ukoboza 2019 hatawe muri yombi Lt. Col Manudi Asifiwe wari umuyobozi wa CRAP, umutwe w’ingabo kabuhariwe wa FDLR, amakuru akaba avuga ko yaba yaragejejwe mu Rwanda. Muri icyo gitero kandi haguyemo abandi basirikari bakuru b’ uwo mutwe barimo Col. Muhawenimana Theogene alias FESTUS, Gen.Wilson Irategeka, Maj.Rusanganwa Felix uzwi ku mazina ya Gbado, Maj Runyuki, Maj.Kibata,Capt Tumaine Maurice, na Capt. Sibomana Musafiri n’abandi barwanyi bato.

Umuriro uzabotsa

Iyi ni umvugo yagaragaye hirya no hino ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kuva tariki ya 8 Gicurasi 2019, ubwo Perezida Paul Kagame yavugaga ko abantu bashaka guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda, baba bari mu mahanga cyangwa ahandi, bagomba kwitonda, kuko u Rwanda rufite imbaraga zo guhangana na bo.

Ubwo yari mu Karere ka Burera, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko hari abantu bafite imigambi mibi ku Rwanda, bari mu mahanga. Avuga ko bamwe bazizana mu Rwanda cyangwa bagafatwa. Yari ahereye ku bantu bigamba ibitero bakoresheje amaradiyo mpuzamahanga na internet, avuga ko bibwira ko bari kure y’u Rwanda, kuko ‘ntaho bahurira n’umuriro’. Yagize ati “Waba uri muri Amerika, Afurika y’Epfo, mu Bufaransa, ukibwira ngo uri kure. Ariko uri kure kuko ntaho uhuriye n’umuriro. Ariko umunsi mwawegereye uzabotsa. Ibyo bari bakwiye kuba babizi, ari bo, ari n’ababashyigikiye, bazi ko hano batahakinira, nta kuhanikinira.”

Abari mu mitwe irwanya Leta y’u Rwanda bisanze i Kigali

Rtd. Maj. Mudathiru yarasiwe mu mirwano mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo Kinshasa, akaba yari umwe mu bakuriye umutwe w’inyeshyamba za P5 bivugwa ko ari uwa Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa. Yafashwe mpiri yoherezwa mu Rwanda, ubu akaba akurikiranywe n’ ubutabera hamwe n’abandi bagenzi be.

Si uwo gusa kuko tariki ya 05 Werurwe 2019, Leta y’ u Rwanda yemeje ko LaForge Fils Bazeye wari Umuvugizi wa FDLR na Lieutenant-Colonel Abega bagejejwe mu Rwanda nyuma y’ aho bafatiwe i Bunagana muri Congo, bivugwa ko bari bavuye mu nama i Kampala muri Uganda.

Mu kwezi kwa Mata hagati, ni bwo hatangajwe indi nkuru nziza ku Rwanda ko Maj. Calixte Sankara yafatiwe muri Comores. Leta y’u Rwanda yemeje ifatwa rya Sankara ivuga ko imufite guhera tariki ya 13 Mata 2019 ari bwo yafashwe akazanwa mu Rwanda. Maj. Sankara yari umuyoboke wa FLN, akanaba yari abareye umuvugizi w’ uwo mutwe wagiye wumvikana mu bitero byo mu duce twegereye ishyamba rya Nyungwe.

Ububanyi n’amahanga

Imbaraga z’u Rwanda mu bubanyi n’amahanga zarigaragaje muri uyu mwaka dusoza aho waranzwe n’ingendo nyinshi z’Abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, harimo iza Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame. Izo ngendo zabaga zigamije gukomeza umubano n’ibindi bihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga. Muri urwo rwego kandi habaye n’ ibindi bikorwa byareberwa mu nguni eshatu hibaza icyo byagezeho; niba byaragenze neza, biraringaniye cyangwa byagenze nabi. Izo nguni eshatu zikaba zerekana ishusho y’uko dipolomasi (diplomacy) yagenze.

Mu byagenze neza, ibiringaniye n’ ibitaragenze neza ntabwo turi bubirondore byose usibye kuvuga kuri bimwe by’ ingenzi byaranze uyu mwaka nko kuba: Kompanyi y’Indege y’u Rwanda, RwandAir, yaraguye amarembo mu bihugu by’amahanga harimo na DRCongo aho ikora ingendo kabiri mu cyumweru;
umunyarwandakazi Louise Mushikiwabo yatangiye ku mugaragaro imirimo ye nyuma yo gutorerwa kuyobora Umuryango uhuza ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa, OIF;

U Rwanda kuba rwaremerewe kuzakira nama y’umuryango w’ibihugu bivuga ururimi rw’Icyongereza, Commonwealth, izaterana mu mwaka utaha wa 2020. Iyo nama ya Commonwealth ihuza abakuru b’ ibihugu na za Guverinoma, bo mu bihugu byose bigize uyu muryango. Ni inama ikomeye y ‘ uyu muryango, ihuza ibihugu binyamuryango bigera kuri 53. Iheruka ikaba yarabereye mu Bwongereza mu Mugi wa Londres, muri Mata uyu mwaka. Ibi si impanuka ahubwo ni ibigaragaza ubushongore n’ubukaka n’imbaraga ziba zakoreshejwe muri ‘lobbying’ kugira ngo igihugu gitoranywe kuyakira .

Ibyamamare n’abakuru b’ibihugu basuye u Rwanda

Abayobozi bakuru basuye u Rwanda, barimo abaje mu nama zitandukanye ndetse n’ibirori byagiye bitegurwa ku rwego rw’igihugu. Miribo twavuga nka Perezida wa Guinée Equatoriale, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, yasuye u Rwanda ku wa 14 Mutarama 2019. Perezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, yagiriye uruzinduko rw’akazi mu Rwanda ku wa 11 Werurwe 2019. Perezida Tshisekedi wari witabiriye inama ihuza abayobozi b’ibigo bikomeye muri Afurika, Africa CEO Forum, yakiriwe na Perezida Kagame ku wa 24 Werurwe 2019. Perezida Faustin-Archange Touadéra wa Centrafrique; Perezida Mnangagwa wa Zimbabwe; Perezida Mokgweetsi Masisi wa Botswana; Perezida Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe wa Togo; Perezida Julius Maada Bio wa Sierra Leone; Perezida Hage Geingob wa Namibia; Perezida wa Tchad, Idris Deby Itno; Perezida wa Djibouti, Ismaïl Omar Guelleh; Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Ethiopia Dr Ahmed Abiy. Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga wa Qatar, Igikomangoma Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, mu 2019, yaje mu Rwanda inshuro ebyiri. Hari n’abandi benshi tutavuze, ariko ibi byose ukaba wabirebera mu kugera ku rwego rwiza rwa Diplomacy.

Burundi na Uganda: Umwuka mubi mu baturanyi

Abakuru b’ibihugu bya Uganda n’u Rwanda basinye, i Luanda muri Angola, amasezerano y’ubwumvikane hagati b’ibi bihugu byombi. Isinywa ry’amasezerano nk’aya ni ikintu cyiza. Cyane cyane ko abaturage bari bahanze amaso kuba umwuka mubi, umaze imyaka ibiri irenga, wari ugiye kurangira. Nyamara kugeza ubu ayo masezerano, ntacyo arageraho giha abaturage icyizere cyo kongera kugenderana.

Indi nguni itari nziza umuntu yareberamo ibitaratunganye muri diplomasi, ishingiye na none kuri iyo ya kabiri. Amasezerano ya Angola yateganyaga ko amatsinda y’impuguke z’ibihugu byombi, zigizwe n’abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga, abashinzwe umutekano n’iperereza, zigomba guhura no gusuzuma uko ibikubiye mu masezerano yasinyiwe Angola yashyirwa mu bikorwa. Bwarakeye ibihugu byombi bikomeza gusa n’ibihanganye mu ntambara y’amagambo, biciye mu bitangazamakuru bishamikiye kuri Leta, kandi ibyo byari binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ayo masezerano.

Inama ya mbere y’izo mpuguke yateraniye i Kigali, ariko ibyayivuyemo ntibyashyizwe mu bikorwa. Iyakurikiyeho yabereye i Kampala, yo izo mpuguke ntizabashije kumvikana ku buryo zatandukanye nta byemezo biyifatiwemo. Aha bikaba byarababaje abaturage bamwe, bavuze ko hatitawe ku nyungu zabo.
Usibye Uganda, u Rwanda rwakomeje kugirana umwuka mubi n’u Burundi, aho ibihugu byombi byakomeje kurebana ay’ingwe kuva aho Pierre Nkurunziza atorewe kuyobora u Burundi n’igihe Coup d’Etat yakorewe igapfuba.

Hagiye habaho guterana amagambo n’ibikorwa by’umutekano muke ku mupaka, buri gihugu gishinja ikindi kugitera, ariko buri ruhande rukabihakana. Ibyo kutumvikana kw’ibyo bihugu by’ibituranyi byakomeje gutera impungenge n’amakenga abaturage, ku buryo imigenderanire isa n’iyahagaze. Hakomeje kandi kuba ubwoba ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose akarere gashobora kuvukamo intambara, mu gihe hatagize igikorwa hakiri kare.

Urugamba rwo kugarura umwuka mwiza mu karere

Uyu mwaka usigiye akazi katoroshye abakora dipolomasi (Diplomacy). Impamvu ni uko bigoye ko u Rwanda rwakwirara, rugatuza ruzi ko nta buhahirane bushoboka hagati yarwo na Uganda n’u Burundi. Kuba bamwe mu banyarwanda baragiye bafatirwa muri Uganda bagafungwa, bagakorerwa iyicarubozo, abandi bakoherezwa ari intere, ni kimwe mu bimenyetso simusiga.

Ibi byakuruye umwaka mubi hagati y’ibihugu byombi, Uganda igashinja u Rwanda koherezayo abajya guhungabanya umutekano wayo. Byaje no gutuma imipaka y’u Rwanda ifungwa ndetse abanyarwanda bagirwa inama yo kutajya muri Uganda.

U Rwanda kandi rwakomeje kurebana ay’ingwe n’u Burundi kuva 2015, aho u Burundi bwashinje u Rwanda kuba inyuma y’igikorwa cyo kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi ryabaye muri uwo mwaka . U Rwanda na rwo rwagiye rushinja u Burundi gucumbikira abashaka guhungabanya umutekano warwo. Ibi byaje no gutuma u Burundi bubuza abaturage babwo kuzana imyaka cyangwa ibiribwa ibyo ari byo byose mu Rwanda. Nko kuva muri 2015, ibiribwa biva i Burundi birimo imbuto byarahenze.

Na none, umwaka wa 2019 usize ibicuruzwa bimwe, byavaga cyangwa bikorerwa i Bugande, bihenze kandi birimo ibyo abaturage bakenera mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Uku kudahahirana hagati y’ibihugu byo mu karere twavuga ko ari ikibazo gikomeye ku bakora dipolomasi (Diplomacy), ndetse kinihutirwa kugira ngo ubuhahirane bukomeze hagati y’abaturanyi.