Pablo Escobar Gaviria wamenyekanye nka ‘El Patron’, ni umugabo w’icyamamare ukomoka muri Colombia. Escobar azwi mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubugiraneza , azwi kandi nk’umuherwe wabayeho abikesheje ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge yakoraga binyuze mu mutwe w’abacuruzi ba Cocaïne witwa Medellin Cartel.
El Patron bivugwa ko yagenzuraga 80% by’urumogi rwinjiraga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kuva mu mwaka 1970-1993. Ni ubucuruzi kandi bwamukijije ku buryo budasanzwe, kuko ikinyamakuru Forbes Magazine kivuga ko umutungo we ufite agaciro ka miliyari 30 z’amadorari ya Amerika, kikamushyira ku mwanya wa 10 mu bakire ba mbere ku Isi mu mwaka 1980.
Ubuzima bwa Escobar n’ibigwi bye mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge
Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria yavutse tariki ya 1 Ukuboza 1949, avukira mu gace ka Rionegro, mu Ntara ya Antioquia muri Colombia.
Pablo yavukiye mu muryango wifashije, aho nyina umubyara Hermilda De Los Dolores Gaviria Berrio yari umwarimukazi, na ho se Abel De Jesus Escobar Echeverri yari umuhinzi wabigize umwuga mu gace bari batuyemo.
Pablo akiri muto yahoraga abwira ababyeyi be ko ashaka kuzakira cyane kurusha uko bari bameze. Ngo yababwiraga ko we yifuza kuzabaho nta munsi n’umwe abuze amafaranga mu mifuka ye y’ishati.
Kubera inyota y’ubutunzi Pablo Escobar yari afite yatangiye gukorera amafaranga akiri muto. Ku myaka 15, Pablo yatangiye ubujura bw’imodoka, ibi akabifatanya no gukwirawiza ikiyobyabwenge cya Cocaïne mu baturage.
Umuryango wa Pablo Escobar
Mu mwaka 1976, Pablo yarongoye umukobwa w’imyaka 15 witwaga Maria Victoria Henao. Uyu babyaranye abana 2, Juan Pablo (Umuhungu) na Manuela Pablo (Umukobwa).
Kuri ubu Juan Pablo akora nk’umuhanga mu kuganiriza ababaswe n’ibiyobyabwenge , yanahinduye amazina yitwa Sebastian Marroquin.
Mu mwaka 2015 Juan Escobar yanditse igitabo kivuga ku buzima bwa se yise ”Pablo Escobar: My Father) muri iki gitabo Juan Pablo agaragaza ubuzima buteye ubwoba yabayemo se akiho, gusa asoza iki gitabo avuga ko se yiyahuye.
Amateka y’umutwe w’abacuruzi b’ibiyobyabwenge Medellin Cartel EL Patron yari abereye umuyobozi
Igihugu cya Colombia, kuva mu myaka ya za 70 kugeza ubu gifatwa nk’ubwami bukomeye bw’ikiyobyabwenge cya Cocaïne. Mu 1970, Pablo Escobar ajya kwinjira mu bucuruzi bw’ibyobyabwenge, yatangiye acuruzi urumogi rusanzwe (Marijuana), gusa uko abacuruzi b’ibiyobyabwenge bagendaga bakura isoko rya Cocaïne ryaje gukura kuruta andi masoko yose y’ibiyobyabwenge yariho muri iyo myaka. Ibi kandi bigahurirana n’uko igihingwa cya Coca gikorwamo ibi biyobyabwenge cyera cyane muri gace Colombia iherereyemo, mu bihugu bya Bolivia na Peru.
Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ni ryo ryari isoko rya mbere ry’ikiyobyabwenge cya Cocaïne ubusanzwe kigura umugabo kigasiba undi biturutse ku gaciro kacyo. Ibi byatumye Pablo n’itsinda rye batangira gutekereza uburyo bagurisha bene icyo kiyobyabwenge ku isoko rya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.
Mu mwaka 1975, Pablo yahagaritse ubundi bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge bwose yakoraga ahitamo kwinjira mu bucuruzi bwa Cocaïne yari imaze kwigaragaza nk’isoko rikomeye ryageza nyiraryo ku bukire bwihuse.
Muri uyu mwaka kandi nibwo umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge Fabio Restrepo yishwe, bivugwa ko byari biturutse ku itegeko rya Pablo, wari ushaka kwigarurira agace kose ka Medellin mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge.
Abatekereje ibi ntibibeshye koko Pablo ari we watanze amafaranga yo kwica Fabio, ngo yigarurire Medellin. Ibi byaje no kumuhira Pablo atangira kugenzura buri kimwe kirebana n’ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge muri uyu mujyi. Uko ubucuruzi bwe bwagukaga Pablo Escobar yaje kurema umutwe w’abacuruzi yahaye izina rya Medellin Cartel.
Umutwe w’abacuruzi b’ibiyobyabwenge wa Medellin Cartel waje kwaguka uba nk’ikigo kinini cy’ubucuruzi. Pablo wari uwuhagarariye yashatse amasoko hirya no hino, kugeza ubwo mu mwaka 1980 yari amaze kubona isoko rigemura 80% bya cocaïne yose igemurwa muri Leta zunze ubumwez’Amerika.
Muri uyu mwaka kandi ubutunzi bwa El Patron bwazamutse ku buryo budasanzwe, kuryo ikinyamakuru Forbes cyamushyize ku mwanya wa 10 mu bakire ba mbere ku isi n’akayabo ka miliyari 30 z’amadorari ya Amerika.
Icyo gihe Medellin Cartel yakoraga Cocaïne ingana na toni 15 ku cyumweru, ibisobanura ko binjizaga miliyoni 450 z’amadorari kuri buri cyumweru.
Kugeza iki gihe Pablo Escobari ubutunzi yari amaze ku bugwiza icyari gisigaye kwari ugushaka urukundo rw’abaturage, aha yatangiye kwiyita Robin Hood, afata indege zuzuye amadorari akazenguruka mu gace ka Medellin anyanyagiza amadorari mu baturage. Abaturage baje gukunda Pablo cyane byahise bimutera kumva yakwiyamamariza kuyobora abaturage.
Ubuzima bwa El Patron nk’umunya Politiki
Pablo akiri muto nk’abana bose ngo yigeze abwira nyina ko azaba Perezida wa Repubulika. Mu mwaka 1982, Pablo yahisemo kwinjira muri Poliki Atari uko ayikunze ahubwo agamije kumenyana n’abakomeye bazamufasha gukora ubucuruzi bwe bw’ibiyobyabwenge ntawe umukeka na gato.
Kubera urukundo abaturage bakundaga Pablo, mu mwaka 1982 yatorewe guhagararira Medellin mu nteko ishinga amategeko.Uyu mwanya ntiyawumazeho igihe kuko mu mwaka 1984, yasabwe kwegura na Minsiteri y’Ubutabera nyuma yuko bimwe mu bikorwa bye byari bimaze gushyirwa ku ka rubanda.
Umubare w’abantu Pablo Escobar ( El Patron) yishe ntuzwi neza
Kugeza ubu umubare w’abantu El Patron yishe nturamenyekana, gusa abenshi bavuga ko yishe abanya politiki, abakozi ba Leta, abashinzwe umutekano, abanyamakuru n’abaturage basanzwe.
Ubwo Pablo yabonaga ko bitamworohera kuba Perezida wa Colombia mu gihe na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zarimo kumuhiga , Escobar yatangiye kwikiza uwo ari we wese akeka ko yamubangamira ariko akabikora mu ibanga rikomye.
Mu bantu bivugwa ko Pablo yishe harimo akakandida 3 barimo kwiyamamariza kuyobora Colombia. Pablo kandi bivugwa ko yishe umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Colombia mu mwaka 1987. Mu gihe yari umuyoboz wa Medellin Cartel abapolisi barenga 1,000 bishwe n’abasore bamukoreraga umunsi ku munsi. Mu mwaka 1989, Pablo yagabye igitero ku ndege ya Colombia kigwano abantu 100.
Amayeri ya El Patron n’uburyo yiyubakiye gereza yo gufungirwamo ‘La Catedral’
Muri Kamena 1991, Escobar yamanitse amaboko kuri Guverinoma ya Colombia yari iyobowe na Cesar Gaviria,
Ibi byaje bikurikira igikorwa Escobar yari amazemo iminsi cyo kubakisha icyo yise Gereza ye yahawe izina rya “La Catedral”. Iyi gereza bivugwa ko nta kintu na kimwe cyari kukwereka ko ari gereza, umuntu wese winjiragamo yakekaga ko yinjie muri Hoteli y’inyenyeri 5. Ni inyubako yari irimo aho bakinira urusimbi (casino), utubyiniro, ubwogero n’ibindi byinshi bitaboneka muri gereza.
Mu mwaka wa 1992, Escobar yapanze gucika gereza nyuma yo kuvumbura ko muri Guverinoma bamwe mu bayobozi bamugambaniye ngo yicwe. Iki gihe byasaga naho ubwami bwa Pablo Escobar bugeze ku musozo.
Polisi yabanje kugaba ibitero ku cyicaro cya Medellin Cartel, birangira yishe uwari uyihagarariye ubwo Pablo yapangaga gucika.
Urupfu rwa Pablo Escobar
Tariki 2 Ukuboza 1993, Guverinoma ya Colombia yemeje ko Pablo avanwa muri ya Gereza ye ya La Cathedral. Abatasi ba Pablo bamubwiye ko ari buze kwimurwa uwo munsi, kuva ubwo ahita abasaba kwitegura guhangana nabo kuko n’ubundi nta cyizere cyo kubaho yari kuva asigaranye mu gihe bari kuramuka bamuvanye muri La Cathedral.
Polisi ikigera kuri gereza ya La cathedral yakirijwe urufaya rw’amasasu n’abasore b’umutwe wa Medellin Cartel. Ibi bwari uburyo bwo kujijisha ngo umuyobozi wabo aboneka uko acika.
Ku bwa’amahirwe make ariko, Pablo n’abamurindaga baje kuraswaho amasasu menshi na Polisi bagerageza kucikira ku gisenge cy’inzu , bose baricwa.
Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Pablo, abakoranaga na we bose batawe muri yombi. Ibikorwa bye byinshi bifatirwa na Leta ya Colombia. Umuhango wo kumushyingura witabiriwe n’abaturage barenga 25,000 by’abanya Colombia bamufataga nk’intwari idasanzwe.
Amwe mu magambo Pablo Escobar yakundaga kuvuga aganira n’abantu yagiraga ati”Igifite agaciro mu mu buzima ni ukugira incuti wizera, gusa nzi neza ko nubwo mvuga ibi mu buzima habamo incuti utazakenera kwizera.”
