Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo, SADC, byamaze kwemeranya ku guhindura umutwe wa FIB (Force Intervention Brigade) wa Monusco, wahashyije umutwe wa M23 mu 2013, wongererwa ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho kugirango urusheho gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano zawo, aho hateganywa no kongeramo n’ingabo zitava mu bihugu bya SADC.
Nyuma y’imyaka 7 ukorera muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, FIB, ugiye gutakaza ibyawurangaga byose urusheho kwihuta mu kurinda abasivili inyeshyamba.
FIB yabanje gutekerezwa nk’imbaraga z’ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (MONUSCO), zifite inshingano zikomeye zo kurwanya imitwe y’inyeshyamba. Igizwe n’abasirikare ba SADC baturutse muri Afurika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi, yasohoje inshingano zayo za mbere ikubita inshuro inyeshyamba za M23 zari zigiye kwigarurira uburasirazuba bwa Congo mu 2013.
Nyuma yaho, uyu mutwe wa FIB wagombaga gukurikizaho indi mitwe y’inyeshyamba ikorera muri iki gice nka FDLR n’indi nk’umutwe wa ADF, kuri ubu ukomeje gutera ubwoba abasivili ndetse unavugwaho gukorana n’imitwe y’iterabwoba.
FIB ariko ntabwo yabashije guhagarika iyi mitwe. Ugereranyije na M23 wari umutwe witwaje intwaro usanzwe, ADF ikorera mu bice bitandukanye kandi nta buyobozi ufite buhamye bubasha kugenzura ibikorwa byawo. FIB kandi ntabwo ifite ibikoresho bihagije byo guhiga imitwe nk’iyi, ibintu bikomeje kuzamura kwibaza byinshi ku nshingano zayo.
Umuryango w’Abibumbye umaze igihe ugerageza guhindura FIB, kuko ihenze, itwara igice kinini cy’ingengo y’imari ya MONUSCO ya miliyari 1.2 y’Amadolari.
Umushakashatsi mukuru wa ISS Gustavo de Carvalho agira ati: “Habayeho igitutu kinini cyo kugabanya ingano ya FIB na MONUSCO muri rusange. Icyifuzo cya Loni ku butumwa bwagutse gifite aho kigarukira kuri uru rwego”.
Akomeza agira ati: “Benshi bumva ko ejo hazaza ho kubungabunga amahoro hazaba hagizwe n’ubutumwa buto, abasirikare bacye, no kurushaho gukorana hakoreshwa ibikoresho byo mu karere ndetse n’igihugu. Kubera ko ingengo y’imari yo kubungabunga amahoro igabanuka buri mwaka, ahantu ha mbere ho kureba mu kuyigabanya ni ubutumwa bumaze igihe kinini nka MONUSCO”.
Kugeza vuba aha, SADC yari yarwanyije cyane igitutu cya Loni cyo kugabanya FIB, kongeramo ingabo zitari iza SADC no guhindura inshingano zayo. Iyi myifatire ariko, yari iri kugenda itihanganirwa, kuko wasangaga SADC ishimangira ko FIB ikomeza kuba ingufu z’akarere ikorera kuri manda n’ingengo y’imari bya Loni.
Kuri ubu ariko nk’uko tubikesha urubuga defenceweb.co.za, SADC isa nk’iyisubiyeho. Mu nama idasanzwe y’umutekano wayo yabereye Gaberone ku itariki 27 Ugushyingo, SADC yemeye icyifuzo cya Loni cyo gusubiza ku murongo ingabo za FIB hashyirwaho imitwe ibiri y’ingabo zo gutabara byihuse (Quick Reaction Forces, QRFs).
Inshingano nshya za FIB ivuguruye ntabwo zasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye mu itangazo ry’inama ya SADC, ariko abayobozi mu bunyamabanga bwa SADC bavuga ko QRFs ebyiri nshya zizaba zigizwe n’ingabo za SADC mu gihe FIB izaba igizwe n’abasirikare badaturuka muri SADC. Birasa rero nk’ikintu cyo kumvikana.
Inshingano z’ejo hazaza za QRF nazo ntizisobanutse. FIB yari ifite manda yo kugaba ibitero ku mitwe y’inyeshyamba, haba ku bufatanye n’ingabo za DRC cyangwa igakora yonyine. Ariko yahagaritse kugerageza kubikora hashize igihe. Nkuko bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi babigaragaje, bitandukanye na M23, imitwe yitwaje intwaro isigaye nka FDLR na ADF yarushijeho gucengera mu baturage. Ibi bituma bitaborohera gutera batiyemeje kugira ibitambo batanga.
Ikindi gihangayikishije, nuko nka ADF ikomeje ingamba zayo mbi zo kwihorera ku baturage mu gihe FARDC, Monusco cyangwa FIB biyikurikiranye. ADF ikaba ibikora igamije guca intege ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye izibuza kugaba ibitero, ibintu abaturage bamaganye cyane babaza icyo monusco na FIB biri gukora muri DRC niba bitabarinda.
Kuri ubu rero haribazwa niba FIB izahindura ibi bintu, nuko izabikora. Umwe mu bayobozi ba SADC yabwiye ikinyamakuru Daily Maverick ko FIB izaguma ku butaka bwa Congo ariko ikavugururwa yongerwamo umutwe w’ingabo zo gutabara byihuse wa QRF, n’ibikoresho byihariye, n’ubushobozi bwo kwihuta no kugera ahantu hatandukanye byihuse.
Kuba imitwe yitwaje intwaro yarivanze n’abaturage kuyigabaho ibitero bishobora kubashyira mu kaga.
Ibi bishobora gusobanura ko FIB na QRFs bizakomeza manda isanzwe yo kugaba ibitero, ariko birushijeho. Cyangwa bikaba bivuze ko QRF byibuze izahabwa indi manda itandukanye, atari iyo gutangiza ibikorwa bya gisirikare ku mitwe y’inyeshyamba nka ADF ahubwo igashingwa gutabara byihuse mu gihe inyeshyamba ziteye abasivili.
Ibi byahuza n’icyifuzo cya Adam Day wahoze ari umuyobozi mu Muryango w’Abibumbye cy’uko FIB yakurwaho igasimbuzwa imitwe nk’iyi yihuse, yiteguye kwihutira gutabara abasivili batewe. Kuba QRFs ishobora kwihuta bihagije kugirango irinde abasivili cyangwa niba koko iyi ari yo ntego bagamije ntibiramenyekana.
Ariko QRFs isa nk’icyo Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres yatekerezaga ubwo yagaragazaga gahunda y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yo kuvana ingabo za MONUSCO mu ntara esheshatu za Congo zisa nk’izituje mu ntangiriro z’umwaka utaha. Ibi bizafasha MONUSCO kwibanda ku ntara zo mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu zikomeje kugaragaramo ubugizi bwa nabi nka Kivu zombi n’Intara ya Ituri, aho itariki yo kuhava itarateganywa.
