Umwaka wa 2019 wabaye uw’amateka y’ubutabera hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bubiligi. Usize hari umuntu wa mbere ubutabera bw’u Bubiligi buburanishije, bukamuhamya icyaha cya jenoside. Noneho ni na Neretse Fabiani w’umunyarwanda! Nyuma y’imyaka 25 yari amaze ahunga ubutabera bw’u Rwanda atazi ko aho ajya ahasanga ubutabera mpuzamahanga!
Byari ku wa kane taliki ya 20.12.2019, ahagana saa ine z’ijoro! Ni bwo Inteko y’inyangamugayo 12 y’Urukiko rwa Rubanda rwa Buruseli yahamyaga Fabiani Neretse icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha by’intambara, yakoreye i Mataba n’i Kigali, mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Babyemeje nyuma y’umwihererero bamazemo iminsi 2 n’amajoro 2 bajya impaka, n’iburanisha rya jugujugu mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 6. Bukeye bw’aho ku wa gatanu, urukiko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25! Ku bwa Me Eric Gillet, umwe mu bunganizi b’abahohohotewe, iyo myaka 25 isobanura byinshi mu rwego rwo kwihangana. Agira ati “abiciwe ababo n’abahohotewe bategereje imyaka 25, kugira ngo babone ubutabera. Byabatwaye igihe kugira ngo bamenye irengero rya Neretse Fabiani” wayobyaga uburari ku izina ry’iritirano rya se umubyara, Nsabimana.
Igifungo cy’imyaka 25, ku myaka 25 abo Neretse yahemukiye bari bamaze bategereje ubutabera. Ariko ni na 25 Neretse ubwe yari amaze ahunga ubutabera. Ni nk’aho buri mwaka wo kwihisha kuri Neretse cyangwa wo gutegereza ubutabera ku bahohotewe, wahanishijwe umwaka umwe w’igifungo. Igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kitajuririrwa. Keretse imbere y’Urukiko rusesa imanza, igihe amategeko yaba atarakurikijwe. Cyangwa se gutakambira Urukiko rw’u Burayi rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu-CEDH-, rutari rwavuguruza na rimwe icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rwa Rubanda.
Guhunga Mataba
Ku munsi wa kabiri w’iburanisha, ku wa 08 Ugushyingo 2019, Perezida w’urukiko, umucamanza Sophia Leclercq, yari yarabwiye Neretse, ubwo yabazwaga ku mateka ye, ko hari mushiki we uvuga ko « abahunze Mataba ari abari bafite icyo bishinja ». Neretse ati « ibyo ni ibyo yivugira ». We asobanura ko yavuye i Mataba ku italiki ya 04 Nyakanga 1994, ari uko ingabo za FPR zimaze kuhagera. Nyuma yo kumara hafi ibyumweru bibiri ku Gisenyi, yageze kuri Goma ku wa 14 Nyakanga, aho yamaze ukwezi kumwe gusa mbere yo gufata indege yerekeza i Kinshasa, aho yamaze na ho ukwezi. Urugendo rwe rwamunyujije i Brazzaville akomeza yerekeza mu gihugu cya Centrafrika, aho yamaze imyaka 2.
Ngo kubera impamvu z’umutekano muke, watejwe n’ingabo zari zigumuye ku butegetsi, ava mu murwa mukuru BANGUI, ahungira mu mujyi witwa BOUNA aho yabonye ubuhungiro mu ishuri rya Seminari Nto yaho. Muri icyo gihe, umwe mu bahungu be we abona ubuhungiro mu BUFARANSA, aho nyina n’abandi bana 2 bamusanze mu 1996. Muri icyo gihe kandi, yashakishirizaga ubuhungiro hose. Ni uko yageze muri KAMERUNI ashakira umukobwa we impapuro zo kumujyana mu gihugu cya CANADA. Icyo gihe ni bwo basa n’abamwibukije neza uwo ari we, kubera ko bimanye ibyo byangombwa bavuga ko ari iby’« umukobwa w’umujenosideri watoje inyeshyamba za PATASSE ».
Mu rukiko, Perezida yatangajwe n’uruhurirane rw’ibi byamubayeho muri Kameruni, no kuba yarageze mu BUFARANSA, mu 1998, yitwa NSABIMANA Fabiani wavukiye ahitwa i BUSANZA. Ayo mazina ni na yo yari muri dosiye ye ya mbere yakozwe na CPCR, ihuriro ry’imuryango y’abahohotewe iba mu Bufaransa, yari yamuvumbuye mu mujyi wa ANGOULEME, uri mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu cy’u BUFARANSA. Mu mwaka wa 2000, ni bwo yabonye akazi muri uwo mujyi, ashinzwe guhuza ibikorwa by’ubufasha ku bantu bari bahuye n’ibiza mu 1999. Nyuma gato, yaje kubona akazi mu Ishyirahamwe ADI ryari rifite ikigega cyo kubitsa no kugurizanya. Ihuriro CPCR rikimara gutangaza umwirondoro wa Neretse, abayobozi ba ADI byarabatunguye kuko biteguraga kumuha izindi nshingano mu buyobozi bw’iryo shyirahamwe.
Mu mwaka wa 2008, ni bwo Neretse yamenye ko inkiko Gacaca z’aho avuka zamukatiye igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko, kubera ko ngo yabaye umuyobozi w’umutwe w’interahamwe, akaba yaranazitwaraga mu modoka zigiye mu bwicanyi. Kuva taliki ya 30 Kamena 2008 kugeza ku wa 30 Werurwe 2018, Neretse iki gihe cyose yakimaze muri gereza: amezi 2 muri gereza ya Bordeaux mu BUFARANSA, ikindi mu gihugu cy’u BUBILIGI.
Neretse mu mboni y’ubutabera !
Mu mwaka wa 2000, ihuriro ry’imiryango irengera abahohotewe mu Bufaransa -CPCR- ryatanze ikirego kuri Neretse, ariko iperereza riza guhagarara bitewe n’uko nyir’ubwite yaje kuburirwa irengero ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu. Hagati aho, ku wa 03 Mutarama 2002, Neretse yashinze sosiyete y’ubucuruzi yitwa Entreprise Monsieur Fabien Nsabimana, icuruza imyenda ariko iza gufunga imiryango yayo ku ya 31.12.2002
Ku wa 8 Kanama 2007, uwari Umushinjacyaha mukuru w’u Rwanda Maritini Ngoga yohereje mu Bufaransa impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi ; n’indi ikubiyemo ibyaha 6 akurikiranyweho harimo jenoside. Impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi zishyikirizwa na Interpol. Mu mwaka ukurikiyeho wa 2008, ihuriro CPCR ryongeye kumutangaho ikirego mu Bufaransa maze ahita akorerwa dosiye nshinjabyaha.
Ku wa 24 Kamena 2011, umucamanza w’umubiligi Jean Coumans yakoze impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi ku rwego rw’ibihugu by’u Burayi, kubera urupfu rwa bamwe mu bagize umuryango rw’umubiligikazi Martine BECKERS. Ku wa 29 Kamena 2011, ubutegetsi bw’u Bufaransa bwataye muri yombi Neretse ; maze, mu rwego rw’ubufatanye, abagenzacyaha 2 b’Ababiligi bajya kumubariza mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa ku wa 30 Kamena 2011.
Kuri iyo taliki ya 30 Kanama 2011, ni bwo abacamanza b’Abafaransa bari bashinzwe dosiye bafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza Neretse mu Bubiligi, aho iperereza kuri dosiye ryari rigeze ku ntera ndende. Nyuma y’igihe gito afungiye aho mu Bubiligi, umucamanza yaje kumurekura by’agateganyo. Hazategerezwa imyaka 8 kugira ngo yaba Neretse, baba abo yaba yarahemukiye, buri wese abone ubutabera. Muri iyo myaka 8 yose, Neretse yari yarasubiye mu mujyi wamwakiriye wa Angoulême, aho yabanaga mu mutuzo n’umuryango we.
Mu izina ry’ububasha mpuzamahanga !
Muri Kamena 1993, igihugu cy’u Bubiligi ni cyo cyafashe iya mbere mu gutangiza gahunda yo gukurikirana ibyaha bikomeye bifitanye isano n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’i Geneve, maze hatorwa itegeko ryiswe itegeko ry’ububasha mpuzamahanga-loi sur la compétence universelle-. Iri tegeko ryahaga ubutabera bw’icyo gihugu ububasha bwo gukurikirana abakoze ibyaha mpuzamahanga « hatitawe ku bo ari bo, aho babikoreye, abahohotewe, baba bari cyangwa batari ku butaka bw’ubwami bw’u Bubiligi ». Iri tegeko riteganya ko nta budahangarwa bugomba kuba inzitizi y’uburyozwacyaha. Mu mwaka wa 1999, ubwo bubasha bwongerwaho icyaha cya jenoside.
Mu birego byatanzwe mu mizo ya mbere, uretse abanyarwanda bakekwaho jenoside, harimo ibyarebaga abayobozi b’ibihugu barimo Augusto Pinochet wigeze kuba perezida wa Chili, Fidel Castro wa Cuba, Saddam Hussein wari perezida wa Irak, Ariel Sharon wa Israel, Georges Bush senior wa Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika na Colin Powell, wari minisitiri w’ingabo w’icyo gihugu. Zikibibona, Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zahise zikoresha imbaraga zishoboka zo kuburizamo iri tegeko, zirimo igikangisho cyo kwimura mu BUBILIGI icyicaro cy’Umuryango wa gisirikare-OTAN- ihuriyeho n’UBURAYI. Muri Kamena 2003, imbaraga za politiki zaruse iz’ubutabera, maze itegeko rya 1993 riraseswa. Nyuma y’amavugurura atandukanye, iryari itegeko rya 1993 ryatakaje umwimerere waryo, risigaramo gusa « ububasha…ku munyabyaha uri ku butaka bw’u Bubiligi ». Ubu bubasha ni bwo bukoreshwa n’ibindi bihugu byose, birimo n’u Rwanda, byatoye ririya tegeko ry’ububasha mpuzamahanga.
Urubanza rwa mbere rwa jenoside
Urubanza rwa Neretse ni rwo rubaye urwa mbere ruburanishijwemo « icyaha cya jenoside ». Iki ni ikintu kitari gisanzwe mu Bubiligi, cyane cyane ko mu manza 4 zarubanjirije kandi zaburanishijwemo abanyarwanda muri 2001, 2005, 2007 na 2009, bose bashinjwe banahamwa n’ibyaha by’intambara ; ni mu gihe bari baragize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 2017, ni bwo urukiko rwari rwemeje ko ibyaha Neretse akurikiranyweho harimo icyaha cya jenoside, hanemezwa ko rugomba kuburanishirizwa mu Rukiko rwa Rubanda-Cour d’assises-, ruburanisha ibyaha by’ubugome.
Mu ikubitiro, uru rubanza rwagombaga kuburanishwamo abanyarwanda bane. Uretse Neretse, abandi ni Dr Butera Jean Baptiste, Nkunzuwimye Emmanuel alias Bomboko na Gakwaya Ernest. Muri Nzeri 2019, ni bwo urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gutandukanya urubanza Neretse n’urwa Nkunzuwimye na Gakwaya, byari bihuriye gusa ku kuba abaregwa barakoreye ibyaha i Nyamirambo. Ni mu gihe kandi urukiko rwari rwarafashe icyemezo ku « buzime bw’uburyozwacyaha » kuri Dr Butera, witabye Imana mu 2004.
Uyu Dr Butera, wari umuyobozi w’ishyaka PECO ryari mu nkora ya Hutu-POWER mu gihe cya jenoside, akekwaho kuba yaragize uruhare rutaziguye mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi bari bahungiye mu bitaro by’i Ndera, barimo n’abarwayi bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, yari ashinzwe kuvura.
Sehene Ruvugiro
