Muri ibi bihe u Rwanda n’Isi muri rusange bahanganye n’Icyorezo cya Virus ya Corona (Covid-19), hafashwe umwanzuro ko amasomo mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, amakuru na za kaminuza yaba ahagaze mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko iki cyorezo cyakwirakwizwa. Icyemezo gihagarika amasomo kireba na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR) muri ibi bihe yahise itangiza uburyo bushya bwo guha amasomo abanyeshuri hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga (E-learning) rikoresha murandasi (internet). E-learning ikora ite? Ubu buryo bwa E-learning ni uburyo busanzwe bwifashishwa muri kaminuza z’ibindi bihugu. Umwigisha ashyira amasomo ku rubuga rwabugenewe, aho buri munyeshuri ufite murandasi muri telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa abasha kurufungura agashaka ahari isomo ryo mu ishami rye. Umunyeshuri ashobora kuritwara (download) akajya kuryiga cyangwa akaryigiraho kuri urwo rubuga. Birumvikana ko hari uburyo bw’itumanaho bukoreshwa hagati y’umwigisha n’abanyeshuri bashaka kubaza ibibazo, guhabwa imikoro se n’ibindi nk’amagambo y’ibanga (password) yemerera umunyeshuri kubona isomo igihe hari iyakoreshejwe n’umwigisha. Hagendewe ku buryo bwifashishwa umunyeshuri agera ku isomo ryashyizwe ku rubuga n’umwigisha, nta gushidikanya ko bisaba kuba umunyeshuri afite interineti. Si ibyo gusa, bigaragaragara ko ubu buryo bushya bwo kwigisha busaba interineti kuri buri kimwe gikorwa n’umunyeshuri aho ari iwabo. Ahari imbogamizi Mu bushobozi bw’abanyeshuri, ntibyoroshye kubona amafaranga yo kugura interineti buri uko akeneye kureba isomo rishya ryashyizwe ku rubuga, gukora imikoro (asignments), gukora ubushakashatsi ku byo abazwa no kuvugana na mwarimu ku bibazo afite mu gihe batabasha kubonana amaso ku maso. Ni imbogamizi kuko ubusanzwe abanyeshuri baba bafite interineti muri za kampisi (campus) ku bazibamo. Ku bataha hanze nabo ni kenshi bagaruka ku ishuri baje kwegera interineti ngo babashe gukora imikoro, ubushakashatsi n’ibindi bijyanye n’amasomo yabo. Birumvikana ko ababasha kubona interineti y’ubuntu nk’uko byari bisanzwe ni bake hagendewe ku hantu iboneka hirya no hino mu gihugu. Uretse no kutagira amafaranga yo kugura interineti, nk’uko The New Times kuwa 3 Mata 2020 yabyanditse, hari n’aho abanyeshuri badafite ibikoresho byabafasha gukoresha interineti. Nta gitangaza kirimo kubona cyangwa kumva umunyeshuri wa UR adafite telefoni igezweho (smartphone) cyangwa mudasobwa. Ibi byemejwe n’umwe mu banyeshuri biga mu Ishami ry’Uburezi (CE) mu mwaka wa Mbere wavuganye na Bwiza.com. Avuga ko “ hari ikibazo cyo kugura interineti agiye kureba note azanakora ikizamini.” Uyu avuga ko hari n’abanyeshuri badafite telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa ngo babe babona ayo masomo.” Mugenzi we mu mwaka wa Gatatu avuga ko bisa nk’aho e-learning ari iy’ababa mu mujyi. Ati “ Njyaho gake cyane kuko nta interineti nabona buri gihe. Za kompanyi zicuruza internet zaratubeshye zivuga ko tuzajya dusura e-learning nta data tuguze. Njye sinjya kuri e-learning nta interineti mfite. Ni gahunda yabashwa n’abo mu mujyi, twe mu cyaro imirimo iba inameze nabi. Sinajya kwiga ibintu minister [minisitiri w’uburezi] yavuze ko nidutangira ari ugutangira kuri zeru. Erega na telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa bose ntibabifite.” Abadafite ibi bikoresho, ubusanzwe batira bagenzi babo igihe hari ibyo bakeneye gutunganya bikeneye interineti gusa ubu si ibintu byoroshye kuba babona aho batira cyane ko hari n’abatuye n’ahatagera umuriro w’amashanyarazi. Umwe mu bigisha utashatse ko amazina ye atangazwa, avuga ko akeka ko abanyeshuri yigisha bafite imbogamizi mu kugera ku masomo ashyira ku rubuga. Avuga ko iyo arebye ingano y’abanyeshuri baba basuye isomo yashyize ku rubuga, asanga hakirimo ikibazo. Uyu mwigisha ati “ Bishobora kuba bibagora kuko mba mbona umubare w’abaje kureba isomo ku rubuga. Birasaba amafaranga cyane kugira ngo bahorane interineti kugira ngo bakurikirane amasomo nk’uko byagendaga tucyiga bisanzwe.” Imihini mishya itera amabavu Uyu mwigisha kandi yavuze ko hari n’abarimu bikigoye gushyira amasomo ku rubuga ku bwo kutamenyera uburyo bwo gukoresha e- learning. Ibi nabyo birumvikana ko n’abanyeshuri bakigowe n’ubu buryo bushya batameneyereye mu kwigishwa. N’ubwo e-learning itangijwe kubera icyorezo cya Coronavirus cyatumye uburyo busanzwe bwo kwigisha buhinduka, ni uburyo bwakabaye bwaratangiye kera ku buryo n’umunyeshuri utabashije kwitabira ishuri yabona amasomo yatanzwe. Muri iki gihe Isi n’u Rwanda rudasigaye barajwe ishinga n’iiterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zose, kaminuza y’igihugu nayo yakabaye idasigara inyuma kuri iyi ngingo, ikaba ifite ubu buryo. Mu bindi bihugu ntabwo bategereje ko Coronavirus yaduka ngo bashyireho uburyo bwa e-learning. Ibi bigaragaza ko ntacyo UR yigiye ku zindi kaminuza kuri iyi gahunda yitwa nshya kandi ahandi ishaje mu gukoreshwa. Ikibazo cy’ubushobozi bw’abanyeshuri ba UR gikunze kugarukwaho kenshi mu bitangazamakuru. Leta y’u Rwanda ikomeza gushaka ibisubizo kuri iki kibazo, n’ubwo urugendo rukiri rurerure. Kaminuza ikwiriye gushaka uburyo kugera (access) ku rubuga rushyirwaho amasomo ku banyeshuri bidasabye interineti. Ni ngombwa ko kandi haba ubukangurambaga ku ikoreshwa ry’ubu buryo kugira ngo n’igihe habaye ikindi kibazo bukoreshwe. Byaba byiza kandi ubu buryo bukomeje gukoreshwa n’iyo Coronavirus yaba itakiriho ndetse no mu biruhuko abanyeshuri ba UR bagakomeza kwihugura banyibutsa. Abarimu bakwiriye nabo kwikubita agashyi bagashyiraho note kuri urwo rubuga kuko kutazishyiraho muri iki gihe byafatwa nko gusiba akazi kandi bahembwa. Bakwiriye kwandikirwa urupapuro (demande d’explication) kuri iki kibazo. Nanone birasaba Leta gutekereza ku buzima bwiza bw’abanyeshuri biga muri kaminuza y’igihugu mu buryo bw’imibereho myiza, ibikorwaremezo n’ibindi bituma ireme ry’uburezi ry’izi ntiti riba nta makemwa. Ubu buryo ni bushya mu Rwanda ariko bandi bwabagiriye akamaro, niharebwa imbogamizi zihari zose, zikemuke noneho bubyazwe umusaruro uko bukwiriye.
