Indwara ya Ebola ( EVD ) or Ebola irangwa no kuvira imbere no guhinda umuriro ( EHF ) ni indwara abantu barware bayitewe n’ Agakoko ka Ebola. Ibimenyetso nyir’izina byayo bitangira kugaragara guhera ku minsi ibiri kugera ku byumweru bitatu umuntu yandujwe n’ako gakoko, akagira umuriro, akababara mu muhogo, akaribwa mu mitsi, no kurwara umutwe. By’umwihariko agira iseseme, akaruka, kandi agahitwa hakurikiraho, gucika intege k’ umwijima n’ impyiko. Iyo indwara igeze kuri urwo rwego, abantu bamwe batangira kuvirirana amaraso.
Ako gakoko gashobora kwandurira mu maraso cyangwa amatembabuzi ava mu mubiri w’inyamaswa yanduye (akenshi kaboneka mu nkende cyangwa mu ducurama). Ikwirakwizwa n’umwuka ikanyanyagira ahantu hadukikije n’ubwo nta nyandiko iriho ibinononsora. Bakaba bakeka ko yazanywe n’Uducurama noneho tukayikwirakwiza kandi two ikaba yari itaratangira kutugaragaraho. Iyo umuntu amaze kwandura, na we atangira kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi bantu .
Abagabo bayanduye mu gihe bakiriho bashobora kuyanduza biciye mu masohoro mu gihe nk’icy’amezi abiri. Kugira ngo babashe kuyisuzuma, kuko ibimenyetso byayo nyir’izina bisa nk’iby’izindi ndwara nka malariya, kolera n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’agakoko zirangwa no kuva amaraso no guhinda umuriro zigomba kubanza gutandukanywa na yo. Kugira ngo ibivuye mu isuzuma byemezwe amaraso yafashwe apimwamo udukoko ndwanyamubiri, udukoko RNA, cyangwa ako gakoko ubwako.
Uko wayirinda
Kuyirinda bisaba kuyibuza gukwirakwira iva mu nkende zanduye no mu ducurama twanduye yinjira mu bantu. Kugira ngo ibyo bikorwe ni ugusuzuma izo nyamaswa niba zaranduye izanduye zikicwa kandi imibiri y’izishwe igatwikirwa cyane ku buryo bwabigenewe.
Guteka inyama zigashya ku buryo bwabigenewe kwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri mu gihe umuntu akorakora inyama nabyo byafasha kwirinda, kimwe n’uko wakwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri ugomba no gukaraba intoki mu gihe wegeranye n’umuntu wanduye. Ibipimo by’amatembabuzi n’iby’uruhu rw’umubiri by’abantu banduye bigomba gukorwaho mu bwitonzi budasanzwe.
Nta muti wihariye igira
Nta muti wihariye wo kuvura iyi ndwara; imbaraga zo gufasha abantu bayanduye zishyirwa mu kuba wabaha nk’ ibinyobwa bibarinda umwuma ( amazi yo kunywa arimo agasukari gake n’umunyu) cyangwa kubatera serumu mu mutsi. Iyi indwara ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’abantu ihitana: akenshi ihitana hagati ya 50% na 90% y’abanduye agakoko kayitera.
Yabonetse bwa mbere muri Sudani
Indwara ya Ebola EVD yabonetse bwa mbere muri Sudani no muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Iyi ndwara ku bw’umwihariko iboneka mu bihugu by’akarere k’ibihugu bikikije koma y’isi byo Muri Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Kuva muri 1976 (ubwo yagaraga bwa mbere) muri 2013, abantu benda kugera ku 1,000 buri mwaka baranduye.
Kugeza ku munsi wa none igihe yabonetse cyane kuruta indi myaka ni muri iyi minsi Ebola yagaragaye muri 2014 muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba, ubwandu bwagaragaye muri Gineya, Sierra Leone, Liberiya bukanagaragara muri Nigeriya. Kugera mu kwezi kwa munani 2014 abantu barenga 1600 banduye bamaze kuboneka. Imbaraga kuri ubu zirimo zirashyirwa mu gushaka urukingo; ariko rero byumvikane, nta rukingo na rumwe rwari rwaboneka.
Kuva ku itariki ya 01 Kanama 2018, iyi ndwara yongeye kwaduka muri repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, aho ku ikubitiro abantu bane ari bo bapimwe basangwa baranduye mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu mu Ntara ya Ituri.
Iyi ndwara kandi muri Kamena 2019 yarambutse igera muri Uganda ijyanwe n’umwana w’umuhungu w’Umunyekongo w’imyaka 5 wari kumwe n’umuryango we biba ngombwa ko basubizwa inyuma.
Mu Ugushyingo 2018 iyi ndwara ikaba yari inkuru ivugwa cyane muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kandi iba icyorezo cya kabiri kibasiye benshi mu mateka nyuma yo kwibasira ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika hagati ya 2013 na 2016.
Ku itariki 03 Gicurasi 2019, amezi icyenda nyuma yo kugaragara kwa Ebola muri Congo, yari imaze guhitana abasaga 1,000, mu gihe iyagaragaye mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika nko muri guinea yahitanye abagera ku 2,500. Kuri ubu imibare ikaba igaragaza ko abamaze guhitanwa na Ebola muri Congo bagera ku 1600 mu bagera ku 2500 bayanduye.
Source: Wikipedia
