Mansa Musa ni umwami w’abami wayoboye ubwami bwa Mali bwo mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika, ahagana mu mwaka 1307 kugeza mu mwka 1337. Mansa Musa abanyamateka benshi bamusobanura nk’urugero rwiza rw’umukire uhebuje wabayeho mu myaka yo hambere. Ibi biterwa n’ibikoresho byose yari atunze byari zahabu, abasizi benshi bavuga ko icyo yakoraga cyose cyahindukaga zahabu. Ikinyamakuru Fobs Magazines cyandika ku mitunngo y’abakomeye cyavuze ko imitungo yose ya Mansa Musa yari ifite agaciro ka Miliyari zisaga 400 z’amadorari ya Amerika.
Amateka azwi neza kuri Mansa Musa
Mansa M?s?, ni umwuzukuru w’umwishwa wa Sundiata Keita , umwami washinze ubwami bwa Mali. Yavutse mu mwaka wa 1280, avukira I Niani mu bwami bw’abami bwa Mali. Mansa Musa yayoboye Ubwami bw’abami bwa Mali kuva mu mwaka 1324 , kugeza mu mwaka 1337. Yashakanye n’igikomangomakazi cya Ghana cyitwaga Inari Kunate.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kuri Mansa Musa , yari umu Islam ukomeye cyane , ibi bigaragazwa n’uko mu mwaka 1324, yakoze urugendo nyobokama I Mecca muri Arabia Souditte.
Uru rugendo Mansa yakoreye I mecca , rwagaragarije abariho icyo gihe ko Ubwami bw’abami bwa Mali bwari bufite ubukungu budasanzwe biturutse ku ituro rya Zahabu gusa Mansa yajyanye I Macca.
Uko urugendo nyobokamana rujya I Macca rwa Mansa musa rwari ruteye.
Mu gihe cya none abantu benshi bakora urugendo nyobokamana rujya I Macca mu buryo bworoshye. Ibi biterwa nuko uburyo bw’ingendo bworohejwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikataje. Gusa kuri Mansa Musa we siko byari bimeze, nta Modoka zihuse zari ziri ku isi, kimwe nuko nta Ndege zabagaho. Mu myaka yo hambere abashakaga kujya I Macca bahagurukiraga mu gihugu cya misiri, Cairo.
Ibi bivuze ko na Mansa Musa yagomabaga guca mu Misiri. Dore inzira Mansa yagombaga gucamo ajya I Macca.
Kuva ahari umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bwe I Niani, kugera I Cairo wagombaga kwambuka uruzi rwa Niger mu majyaruguru, uva Niger ukinjira muri Walata (Oualâta, Mauritania) kuva Walata winjira Tuat (Algeria) ubundi ukabona ubwinjira ku mipaka ya Misiri.
Urugendo rwa Musa, yarukoze ari kumwe n’itsinda ry’abagabo b’intarumikwa ku rugamba 60,000, n’abacakara 1,200. Mansa Musa wari witwariye ifarashi, yari agaragiwe n’ingamiya 80 buri imwe itwaye ibiro 138 bya Zahabu yari ajyanye muri Mecca kuzitangaho amaturo.
Amateka agaragaza ko mbere yo kujya I Macca Mansa yasuye umwami wa Mamluk , Al-Malik al-N??ir.
Mu kugaragaza uburemere bw’izina Mansa Musa ku rwego rw’isi, umunyamateka wabayeho mu myaka ya Mansa Musa, al-?Umar?, avuga ko yasuye Cairo mu myaka 12 yakurikiye uruzinduko rwa Mansa Musa. Gusa avuga ko yatunguwe no gusanga imihanda yose yo mu gace ka Cairo iririmba izina Mansa Musa.
Kubohoza ubwami bwa Songhai
Mu rugendo rwo kujya I Macca , Mansa Musa yasigiye ububasha uwari umuyobozi w’ingabo ze, Sagmandia (Sagaman-dir). Ubwo Mansa Musa Yari amaze guhagurukana n’ingabo nyinshi , umugaba w’ingabo Sagmandia yateguye igitero ku bwami bwa Songhai nka bumwe mu bwami bwari bukize kandi bwihagazeho muri icyo gihe.
Sagmandia yaje guhirwa n’igitero afata umurwa mukuru wa Songhai Gao, mu rugamba rutamugoye cyane. Ibn Battutah, umugabo w’icyamamare mu kugenda, avuga ko byamutwaye amezi ane yambukanya ubwami bw’abami bwa Mali bukimara guhuzwa na Songhai.
Mansa Musa akubutse mu Mutambagiro Mutagatifu I Macca , yakiriwe n’umugaba w’ingabo ze , Sagmandia, anamugezaho uko yagabye igitero ku bwami bwa Songhai akabwigarurira.
Umwami Mansa yaranezerewe cyane ahita afata umwanzuro wo gusura Songhai yari imaze kwiyomeka ku butaka bw’igihugu cye.
Aha muri Songhai hari imigi myiza cyane ya Gao na Timbuktu. Mansa abonye iki gihugu gishya yari amaze kubona , yahise ategeka ko mu mugi wa Timbuktu hubakwa umusigiti, nk’ikimenyetso cy’ishimwe rya Allah wari umuhaye igihugu ntagereranwa n’ubutunzi budasanzwe.
Umusizi akaba n’umunyamateka Ab? Is??q al-S??il? wari warajyanye na Mansa mu mutambagiro yahawe ububasha n’umwami bwo gukurukirana imirimo y’iyubakwa ry’umusigiti wa Timbuktu.
Umusigiti wa Timbuktu ni ikimenyetso cy’ubuhangange bw’umwami Mansa Musa
Abu Ishaq yatangiye kubakisha umusigiti. Amatafari ahiye n’ibumba rikomeye
rivanzwe n’ubujeni nibyo byari byubatse umusigiti wa Timbuktu. Kugeza n’ubu Ibisigazwa by’umusgiti wa Timbuktu biracyagagara muri Mali.
Mu gihe cya Mansa, umugi wa Timbuktu waje kuba umugi ukomeye w’ubucuruzi. Uyu mugi kandi wari ufite umuhanda ubahuza n’umugi wa Cairo nawo wari ikicyaro cy’ubucuruzi muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru.
Buhoro buhoro Timbuktu yaje kuba ihuriro ry’abantu baturutse imihanda yose y’isi, ibi byihutishije iterambere ry’ubugeni , ubucuruzi n’imyigire.
Mu mugi wa Timbuktu mu gace ka Sankore , Mansa Musa yahashinze ishuri ryigisha Korowani, iri shuri bivugwa ko ari ryaje gukomeza uko ubwami bwasimburanye kuri ubu rikaba ryitwa University of Sankore.
Abanyamateka ntibahuza ku gihe Mansa Musa yaba yarapfiriye. Icyakora bamwe bavuga ko yapfuye mu mwaka 1332, abandi bakavuga ko yapfuye mu mwaka 1337.
Mu bigwi ntasimburwa bya Mansa Musa, harimo kuba mu gihe cye yari atunze zahabu nyinshi mu gihugu cye. Kuba yari umuntu ukoresha ibikoresho bikoze muri Zahabu uhereye ku nkoni kugeza ku mirimbo itatse ibyuma birinda gituza.
Mu mwaka 2019, urubuga rutangaza amakuru ku butunzi bw’ibyamamare Forbes Magazine , rwashyize Mansa Musa ku mwanya wa 1 mu batunzi b’ibihe byose, aho rwagennye agaciro k’imitungo ye rugasanga ari ubu iba ihwanye na Miliyari 418 z’amadorari ya Amerika.
Mu gutegura ibiri muri iyi nkuru twifashishijeigitabo Mansa Musa and Empire of Mali cya James Oliver, harikandi na Filimi mbarankuru,Mansa Musa:The Richest Black Emporor.
