Inzego z’ubutasi 10 za mbere kabuhariwe muri 2020

Inzego z’ubutasi zagiye zirwanya ibibazo by’umutekano imbere mu gihugu no hanze. Zishinzwe gukusanya amakuru, gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kugenzura, zigira uruhare runini mu gusaba guverinoma by’umwihariko ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’igihugu, gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ibinyoma, ndetse mu nzego zimwe na zimwe, gukora ubwicanyi. Ariko, izo nzego zose z’ubutasi ntabwo ari zimwe. Zimwe muri izi nzego z’ubutasi zirazwi neza kurusha izindi, ariko benshi muri twe mu by’ukuri ntituzi ibijyanye n’inzego z’ubutasi zitandukanye ku Isi.

Hano rero twabateguriye urutonde rw’inzego 10 z’ubutasi zifatwa nk’iza mbere ku Isi kugeza ubu mu kazi kazo, dukesha urubuga dnd.com.

Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI)

Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) ni urwego rw’ubutasi rwa Pakistan, rushinzwe ibikorwa byo gukusanya amakuru arebana n’umutekano w’igihugu, rukayatunganya ndetse rukayasesengura. ISI itanga raporo ku Muyobozi Mukuru wayo kandi yibanda cyane ku gushakira amakuru y’ingenzi Guverinoma ya Pakistan.

Ministry of State Security (MSS)

Uri ni rumwe mu nzego z’ubutasi zikomeye ku Isi rwashinzwe mu 1983. Ni urwego rw’ubutasi n’umutekano rw’u Bushinwa rufite icyicaro I Beijing rukaba rufite ibiro bizwi 17 cyangwa amashami, arimo ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ubutasi n’urushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mibereho myiza.

Mu byo MSS ishinzwe harimo kugenzura ibikorerwa kuri internet mu Bushinwa
Gutandukanya Abashinwa n’Isi yo hanze,

Gufasha guverinoma kugenzura ibintu Abashinwa baba bafitiye inyota,

Gufasha leta guhangana n’abatavuga rumwe nayo n’ikintu cyose cyatuma abaturage bigomeka ku ishyaka riri ku butegetsi (Chinese Communist Party),

MSS kandi igira uruhare mu butasi bushingiye ku bukungu yifashishije ikigo cy’itumanaho cya Huawei gishinjwa gufasha uru rwego gukusanya amakuru hirya no hino ku Isi.

N’abakozi bayo basaga 100,000 mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, MSS ibasha gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano zayo by’umwihariko mu bijyanye n’umutekano w’u Bushinwa.

Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS)

Uri ni urundi rwego rw’ubutasi rwaje ku rutonde rw’inzego 10 za mbere ku Isi zishoboye. Uru rufite icyicaro I Canberra muri Australia, rukagira imikorere ijya kumera nk’iya CIA.

Mu nshingano zayo, ASIS ahanini yibanda ku makuru y’ibanga imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, kandi igakorana bya hafi n’izindi nzego z’ubutasi hirya no hino ku Isi.

Kimwe n’izindi nzego z’ubutasi, ASIS yagiye yivanga mu bibazo bitandukanye mu bihe byashize nk’aho mu myaka hafi 30 ishize muri Papua New Guinea, yagerageje guca intege amahuriro yaharaniraga ubwigenge mu gihugu.

Uru rwego kandi rwavuzwe mu ihirika ry’ubutegetsi ryo mu 1973 mu gihugu cya Chili nubwo rwari rwategetswe kuva muri iki gihugu amezi macye mbere yaho.

ASIS bivugwa ko yashinzwe mu 1952, ariko igakomeza kuba urwego rutazwi na rubanda kugeza mu 1972 ubwo ikinyamakuru Daily Telegraphy cyarushyiraga ku karubanda.

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) narwo ni rumwe mu nzego 10 z’ubutasi zikaze ku Isi. Canada ni kimwe mu bihugu bitekanye kurusha ibindi ku Isi, bigahesha amanota CSIS, urwego rukuru rw’ubutasi rw’iki gihugu.

Mu nshingano za CSIS harimo gukusanya amakuru yose arebana n’umutekano wa Canada. Hari kandi gukora ibikorwa by’ibanga no kugira inama guverinoma ku bibazo by’umutekano bishobora kugera ku gihugu.

CSIS kandi ibarizwa mu ihuriro ryiswe “Five Eyes” cyangwa “Amaso atanu” mu Kinyarwanda, ihuriro ry’ibigo by’ubutasi bitanu by’ibihugu bya; Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bwongereza, Canada, Australia, na New Zealand.

N’icyicaro cyayo muri Ottawa mu Ntara ya Ontario ikusanya amakuru y’ubutasi hirya no hino ku Isi ndetse igakura mu nzira ikintu cyose cyabangamira umutekano wa Canada n’abaturage bayo, ariko uru rwego narwo rukaba ruvugwaho gukoresha imbaraga z’umurengera mu bikorwa rukora mu izina ry’umutekano w’igihugu.

Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE)

DGSE ni urwego rw’ubutasi rw’u Bufaransa rushinzwe umutekano wo hanze narwo rukaba rubarizwa mu nzego z’ubutasi 10 za mbere zikomeye ku Isi rukaba rukorera ku mabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Bufaransa.

Mu nshingano za DGSE, harimo kwita ku makuru y’ibanga n’ibibazo byo mu bihugu by’amahanga, mu gihe DGIS (Directorate-General for Internal Security) yo yita ku bibazo by’umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu.

DGSE izwiho kuba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu Ntambara hagati y’abaturage mu Rwanda muri za 90. Uru rwego ngo rwari rufite inshingano yo gukwiza amakuru y’ibihuha yatumye u Bufaransa burushaho kugira uruhare mu byaberaga mu Rwanda.
DGSE kandi yagize uruhare mu Ntambara yo muri Kosovo hagati ya Repubulika ya Yugoslavia n’Ingabo zaharaniraga kubohora Kosovo.

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) ni rumwe mu nzego z’ubutasi kabuhariwe ku Isi. Ni rwo rwego rushinzwe ubutasi bwo hanze y’igihugu rw’u Buhinde. Nubwo izina ryarwo ridakunze kumvikana mu matwi ya benshi, ari ko ni rumwe mu nzego zishoboye ku Isi.

RAW yashinzwe mu 1968 ifite inshingano zo gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru y’ibanga yo hanze y’igihugu kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukingira u Buhinde ibitero by’iterabwoba no gukurikiranira hafi ibihugu bishobora guteza ibibazo u Buhinde.

Raw ikorana bya hafi n’izindi nzego z’ubutasi z’amahanga nka CIA na Mossad mu bijyanye no kugenzura gahunda y’icurwa ry’intwaro kirimbuzi ya Pakistan no guhungabanya amahoro muri Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka na Nepal.

Federal Intelligence Service (BND)

Ntiwavuga inzego z’ubutasi zikomeye ngo wibagirwe Urwego rw’ubutasi rw’u Budage “Federal Intelligence Service” (Bundesnachrichtendienst, BND ). BND yashinzwe mu 1956 kandi iha raporo Chancellier w’u Budage.

Nk’urwego rukumbi rw’ubutasi u Budage bufite, BND ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru y’ubutasi yaba aya gisirikare n’aya gisivile. Ishinzwe kumenya mbere ikibazo cyose cyavuka ku nyungu z’u Budage no ku mutekano w’igihugu giturutse hanze.

BND kandi izobereye mu gukusanya amakuru y’ubutasi ku Iterabwoba, intwaro za kirimbuzi n’izindi ntwaro zishobora gusenya byinshi, ku byaha bitegurwa, ibiyobyabwenge n’ubucuruzi bw’abantu ndetse n’ubwimukira butemewe.

BND izwiho gukoresha uburyo bwo kumviriza no gukoresha utwuma tw’ikoranabuhanga mu gukusanya amakuru, uburyo bukunze kunengwa na rubanda.

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Uru ni urwego rw’ubutasi rw’ikimenyabose rwamamaye ku Isi hose rushinzwe ubutasi bwo hanze ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. CIA yashinzwe mu 1947, ibirugira rumwe mu nzego z’ubutasi zimaze igihe kirekire.

CIA ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru hanze y’igihugu ashobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano wa Amerika cyane cyane ajyanye n’iterabwoba n’icurwa ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi n’izindi ntwaro zasenya byinshi.

Iki kigo cy’ubutasi kandi kizobereye mu gukumira ubutasi (counter-intelligence) n’intambara z’ibitero bikorerwa kuri internet. Usibye gukusanya amakuru kandi CIA izwiho gukora ibikorwa bisa nk’ibya gisirikare by’ibanga, ndetse izwiho gukora amahano menshi n’ibikorwa bitavugwaho rumwe.

Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)

Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) ni urwego rushinzwe ubutasi bwa gisivili hanze y’u Burusiya. Uru nirwo rwasimbuye icyamamare KGB, ndetse rukaba rukorana bya hafi n’urwego rushinzwe ubutasi bwa gisirikare hanze y’igihugu rw’u Burusiya.

SVR ahanini yibanda ku gukusanya amakuru y’ibanga hanze y’u Burusiya ikoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyashaka yibanda cyane ku makuru ya gisirikare n’ubukungu.

SVR yagiye ivugwa mu bwicanyi bukorerwa hanze y’igihugu (ahanini bwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi) no gukwirakwiza ibhuha kuri internet bigamije kuyobya rubanda.

Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)

Secret Intelligence Service ni urwego rw’ubutasi rw’Abongereza rushinzwe ubutasi bwo hanze y’igihugu. Ruzwi cyane nka MI6 kandi ni rumwe mu nzego z’ubutasi zamamaye cyane ku Isi. MI6 yashinzwe mu myaka isaga 100 ishize, rukaba ari rumwe mu nzego z’ubutasi zimaze igihe kurusha izindi.

Kimwe n’izindi nzego z’ubutasi ziri kuri uru rutonde, MI6 ahanini yibanda ku butasi bwo hanze y’igihugu, ubw’imbere ikabuharira MI5. Yibanda cyane ku makuru ajyanye n’iterabwoba, icurwa ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi, icuruzwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, n’ibindi bikorwa bishobora kubangamira inyungu z’u Bwongereza.

Mossad

Ikigo cy’ubutasi cya Israel, Mossad, nacyo ni kimwe mu nzego z’ubutasi kabuhariwe ku Isi ndetse abatari bacye bemeza ko ari nacyo cya mbere muri aka kazi.

Mossad nayo yibanda ku butasi bwo hanze ya Israel mu gihe ubw’imbere bwitabwaho na Shin Bet. Mossad kandi ikora ibikorwa by’ibanga bisa nk’ibya gisirikare ndetse ikagira umutwe wayo wihariye ushinzwe kurwanya iterabwoba uzwi nka “Kidon”.

Mossad kandi ikorana n’izindi nzego z’ubutasi z’amahanga mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, ahanini bashaka gukumira umugambi wa Iran wo kwigwizaho intwaro za kirimbuzi, yakoranye kandi bya hafi mu bihe byashize na CIA ndetse na RAW y’Abahinde.