Nigeria, igihugu cya Afurika gikize kiri muri 12 bya mbere ku Isi bifite injiji nyinshi

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku burezi, ubuhanga n’umuco, UNESCO, rivuga ko uburezi cyangwa kugera mu ishuri ari bumwe mu buryo bwo guha imbaraga zo kwibeshaho abaturage, umuryango cyangwa sosiyete muri rusange, rikaba ryagereranyije urugero rw’uburezi mu bihugu bitandukanye, aho riuga ko kugeza ubu 30% by’abantu bakuze na 20% by’urubyiruko (Hagati y’imyaka 25 na 34) bakomeje kutagera mu ishuri mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku Isi.

Ibi bitandukanye no mu bihugu by’u Burayi, Amerika y’Epfo no muri Aziya aho ibyinshi byageze ku rugero rw’100% by’abantu bize.

Byibuze abantu miliyoni 262 bakiri bato nta burezi bw’ibanze babasha kubona, aho abenshi biganje mu bice byiganjemo amakimbirane n’intambara bikije amajyepfo ya Sahara.

Igitsina gore kandi nicyo gikomeje kubarizwamo abantu benshi batagera mu ishuri ugereranyije n’igitsinagabo muri buri gihugu tugiye kubagezaho 12 birimo abantu benshi batize.

Ikigo cy’Ibarurirashamibare cya UNESCO (UIS) cyifashishije ubushakashatsi cyakoze bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu Ugushyingo 2019 bwakorewe ku bantu bari mu myaka 15 kuzamura nicyo cyakoze urutonde rukurikira:

12. Nigeria (62% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Igitangaje kuri iki gihugu, nuko kiri mu bihugu 2 bya mbere bikize ku mugabane wa Afurika ariko kikaba kibarizwa ku rutonde rw’ibihugu 12 birimo abantu benshi batabashije gukandagira mu ishuri ku Isi.

Kimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu ni umubare muto w’abitabira amashuri abanza, akaba ari 13 ku ijana gusa muri Nigeria ugereranije na 20% muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

11. Sudani (61% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Igihugu cya Sudani nacyo ni kimwe mu bifite umubare munini w’abana batabasha kugera mu ishuri, aho abana bari hagati y’imyaka 5 na 13 basaga miliyoni 3 batiga.
Intambara, ubukangurambaga budahagije ku kamaro ko kwiga n’ubukene karande ni bimwe mu bikekwaho kuba intandaro yo kutitabira kwiga haba ku bahungu n’abakobwa muri iki gihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika.

10. Comoros (59% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Uburezi kuri bose muri Comores bwakunze gushyirwa ku bibazo byo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi gucagase kwatangiye mu 2011 nk’uko byemezwa na UNICEF.

Ibi bibazo ahanini biterwa no kutagira ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri n’ibindi bikoresho, abarimu babifitiye ubumenyi, n’umushahara wabo nawo ukunze gutinda cyane bigatuma benshi bata akazi.

9. Iraq (50% ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Imyaka myinshi y’intambara z’urudaca iri mu byasubije inyuma uburezi muri iki gihugu kibarizwa mu Kigobe cya Perse. Hiyongeraho ishoramari ricye muri uru rwego. Ni mu gihe nyamara mu myaka yashize Irak yari kimwe mu bihugu biyoboye mu bijyanye n’uburezi mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.

Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abana bagejeje imyaka yo kujya mu ishuri ntibari mu ishuri kubera ibibazo birimo kuba baravanwe mu byabo n’intambara, bikarushaho kuba bibi bigeze ku bakobwa.

8. Côte d’Ivoire (47% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Muri Cote d’ivoire uburezi bwigeze kuba bukwirakwira cyane byihuse ubwo igihugu cyavaga mu makimbirane yo mu 2011, ariko kandi, kwiyongera kw’imibare y’abaturage n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ubu biremereye cyane urwego rw’uburezi muri iki gihugu cyo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba.

7. Sierra Leone (43% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Kugera ku burezi bufite ireme, kuguma mu ishuri no gusoza amashuri biracyari ingorabahizi ku bana bo muri Sierra Leone. UNICEF ivuga ko ahanini ibi biterwa n’ubukene, ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, urugendo rurerure kugirango umwana agere ku ishuri n’ibindi birimo gusiramura abana b’abakobwa, gushyira abana bato (30% bashyingirwa batujuje imyaka 18), bimwe mu bituma uburezi kuri bose butagerwaho.

6. Afghanistan (43% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Muri iki gihugu naho urwego rw’uburezi rwahuye n’ibibazo by’intambara z’urudaca zuhamaze imyaka isaga 30. UNICEF ivuga ko ku bana benshi bo muri Afghanistan kurangiza byibuze amashuri abanza bikiri inzozi cyane cyane mu byaro no ku bakobwa.

5. Benin (42% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Urwego rw’uburezi muri Benin narwo rukunze kubangamirwa n’ihungabana riheruka ry’ubukungu ndetse n’ingaruka z’imyuzure yo muri za 2010 yasenye byinshi.

Nubwo iki gihugu ari kimwe mu byishimira urwego rwa demokarasi bifite, urwego rw’uburezi rukomeje kubangamirwa n’ibibazo twavuze haruguru nubwo hari ikizere ko mu myaka iri imbere bishobora guhinduka.

4. Burkina Faso (41% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Muri Burkina faso abana baracyigira munsi y’ibiti, kandi igihugu kiracyafite ibibazo bitatuma uburezi bw’ibanze ku buntu bushoboka ku bana bacyo.

Nubwo mu mategeko uburezi ari ubuntu muri burkina Faso, igihugu kiracyabura ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubwo burezi nk’ibikorwaremezo n’ibikoresho.

Mu gihe ahari amashuri ishuri rimwe riba ririmo abanyeshuri 65, mu mashuri yo mu cyaro uwo mubare wo uba urenze cyane ndetse kubera kubura amashuri abana benshi bakaba batakirwa muri ayo mashuri aba anuzuye bikaba ngombwa ko bategereza ko bazabonamo imyanya mu mwaka ukurikiye.

3. Centrafrica (37% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Ibibazo bikomoka ku ntambara z’urudaca nabyo ni bimwe mu bidindiza uburezi muri iki gihugu cyo muri Afurika yo hagati. Amashuri menshi muri iki gihugu yafunze imiryango kubera kubura abarimu cyangwa ubugizi bwa nabi bwa hato na hato.

2. Mali (35% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

UNICEF ivuga ko abana basaga miliyoni 2 muri Mali bari hagati y’imyaka 5 na 17 batajya ku ishuri. Nubwo uburezi bwagiye butera imbere mu myaka ishize muri iki gihugu, abasaga ½ cy’urubyiruko rwo muri Mali, bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 24 ntibazi gusoma no kwandika.

UNICEF ivuga ko ubukene bwo mu ngo, gukoresha abana bakiri bato, kubashyingira bakiri bato, umutekano mucye no kubura amashuri ari bimwe mu bituma abana bata amashuri imburagihe.

1. Sudani y’Epfo (35% Ntibazi gusoma no kwandika)

Abana basaga miliyoni 2 ntibabasha kujya ku ishuri muri Sudani y’Epfo. Abana benshi bata amashuri kandi biganje mu bice byiganjemo aborozi.

Muri rusange ariko, umubare munini w’abana bata ishuri ni abakobwa, abakene, abashyingirwa bakiri bato n’abafite iwabo bafite imitekerereze ishingiye ku mico n’amadini yihariye ibuza abakobwa kujya kwiga.

Mu gusoza twababwira ko mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda imibare yo mu 2018 yagaragazaga ko uburezi bumaze kugera ku rugero rwa 73%, bisobanuye ko abagera kuri 27% ari bo batabashaga kugera mu ishuri kandi nyuma y’imyaka itatu bikaba bishoboka ko imibare yahindutse.