Tariki ya 16 Nyakanga mu 1945: Intwaro ya mbere kirimbuzi yageragerejwe i Manhattan muri USA

Kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 16 Nyakanga 2020, ni umunsi wa 198 mu minsi igize 2020. Uyu mwaka urabura iminsi 168 ngo ugere ku musozo.

Tariki ya 16 Nyakanga mu 1945 , Ni bwo igisasu gikozwe mu kinyabutabire cya Uranium cyageragerejwe mu gace ka Alamogordo muri Leta ya New Mexico iri mu zigize iza Amerika zinyunze.

Incamake ku mushinga wa Manhattan waje gutanga intwaro kirimbuzi zibasiye imbaga mu burasirazuba bw’isi

Umushinga wa Manhattan watangijwe mu ibanga mu mwaka wa 1939. Igitekerezo cy’uwo mushinga cyatanzwe n’umuhanga mu bugenge Enrico Fermi, akigeza ku muyobozi w’ingabo muri Amerika, mu biganiro byabereye muri Kaminuza ya Columbia. Muri ibyo biganiro, Enrico yagaragarije Umuyobozi w’ingabo ko hari uburyo bakoresha budatwaye abasirikare benshi bagatsinda urugamba aho rwava hose.

Uwo mwaka wa 1939 kandi wahuriranye no kuba umuhanga mu bya siyansi, Albert Einstein, yari yandikiye Perezida Franklin Roosevelt, amubwira ku buryo bushya bwarimo bukoreshwa n’Abadage mu gukora intwaro nto zifite imbaraga nyinshi z’uburozi bwo kurimbura abantu.

Muri Gashyantare mu 1940, Leta ya Amerika yahaye abari abashakashatsi kuri uyu mushinga $6,000 yo kwifashisha, kugeza ubwo itahuriye neza ko Ubudage bari bahanganye mu ntambara ya Kabiri yIsi burimo gukora intwaro kirimbuzi. Icyo gohe Ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku ntambara mu gisirikare cya Amerika ryahise rishyira ingufu muri wa mushinga bari baragejejweho na Enrico Fermi.

Umushinga wa Manhattan wahise wongerwa amafaranga yo kwifashisha, unahabwa Brigadier-General Leslie R. Groves wayoboraga ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu ngabo za Amerika ngo abe ari we ukurikirana ibyawo, agaha amakuru Perezida Franklin.

Ubushakashatsi ku ntwaro kirimbuzi bwarakomeje, gusa kuko bwakorwaga mu ibanga rikomeye byasabaga ko aho abakorera hagenda hahinduka. Muri Kaminuza ya Chicago ni ho hantu Enrico Fermi yari yamaze kubonera Forumire ya mbere imuganisha ku gisasu cya mbere kirimbuzi. Gusa General Leslie wari uyoboye uwo mushinga yahise amusaba ko imirimo yari asigaje yakwimuka, bakayikorera mu butayu bwo muri leta ya New Mexico mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu 1943 Enrico Fermi yahujwe n’abandi bahanga mu butabire, barimo Robert J. Oppenheimer, Hans Bethe na Edward Teller. Ubufatanye bagize no kungurana ibitekerezo ni byo byatanze sekuruza w’intwaro kirimbuzi zose ziriho n’izizahabo ku isi.

Ku wa 16 nyakanga mu 1945, Ahagana saa 5:29 mu butayu bwa New Mexico ku birometero 160 uvuye i Santa Fe (muri Colombia), Enrico fermi na Bagenzi bari bamaze kubaka igisasu gusa batazi neza ko gikora. Mu ntambwe 10,000 inyuma y’intwaro idasanzwe bakanze imbarutso maze mu kirere cy’ubutayu bwa New Mexico habudika ikibunda. Umucanga ubarirwa hagati ya toni 15,000 na 20,000 wivanze n’uburozi kabuhariwe wuzura mu ijuru ry’agace ka Alamogordo muri New Mexico.

Kuva icyo gihe Amerika yari ibonye iturufu izakinisha mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, gusa icyari gisigaye kikaba kumenya ngo ninde wa mbere tuzateraho igisasu kirimbuzi?

Icyo gihe intambara yarimo igana ku ku musozo, Ubudage bwari bwayishoje bwamaze kumanika amaboko, gusa hasigaye igihugu kimwe cyo mu burasirazuba bw’Isi [Ubuyapani].

Ibyakurikiyeho naho igisasu cya mbere kirimbuzi cyatewe tuzabibona mu nkuru zacu zitaha.

Umushinga wa Manhattan watangiye uhabwa $6,000 byemejwe ko warangiye uhagaze miliyari 2 z’Amadorari ya Amerika.