Amateka y’u Rwanda ni maremare kandi avugwamo byinshi utavugaho umunsi umwe ngo uyarangize, uhereye mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu kugeza muri uyu mwaka wa 2020, gusa twifuje kubagezaho bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byayaranze, cyane cyane muri politiki, twifashishije amavomo atandukanye kugira ngo n’urubyiruko rutaziho byinshi rugire icyo rutoramo.
Mu binyejana bitandukanye, u Rwanda rwari ruyobowe n’ ubwami bwegereye abaturage. Rwayoborwaga n’ abami b’Abatutsi bavaga mu bwoko bumwe. Umwami yafashwaga n’abatware batatu b’ingenzi ari bo: Umutware w’umukenke wari ushinzwe ibintu byose birebana n’ubworozi bw’inka, umutware w’ubutaka n’Umutware w’Ingabo. Umwami ni we wari umugaba w’ikirenga. Imibanire isanzwe hagati y’ Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa yari myiza kandi umubano wari magirirane.
Mu 1899, u Rwanda rwatangiye gukoronizwa n’Abadage, mu mwaka wa 1919, Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu (SDN) ryahaye u Rwanda u Bubiligi kugira ngo buyiruyoborere mu buryo buziguye.
Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragaza ko u Rwanda rwayobowe n’abami 28 n’abaperezida 6 guhera mu mwaka w’1000, aho inyandiko nyinshi zitajya zibasha kurenga ngo hagaragazwe iby’amateka y’imitegekere y’u Rwanda rwa mbere y’uwo mwaka, cyane ko na Gihanga wahanze u Rwanda yayoboye guhera icyo gihe, bivuga ko ari ho u Rwanda ruhera.
Dore uko abami bategetse u Rwanda bagiye bakurikirana:
1. Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124)
2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)
3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180)
4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)
5. Ndoba (1213-1246)
6. Samembe (1246-1279)
7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)
8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)
9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)
10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)
11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)
12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)
13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)
14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)
15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi 1543-1576)
16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)
17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)
18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)
19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)
20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741)
21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)
22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-1802)
23. Mutara II Rwogera (1802-1853)
24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)
25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 -1895) *Uyu yakorewe kudeta.
26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)
27. Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959)
28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960)
Nyuma y’ingoma ya cyami u Rwanda rwabaye repubulika rutangira kuyoborwa n’abaperezida kuri ubu bamaze kuba batandatu.
Dore uko nabo bakurikiranye:
1.Dominique Mbonyumutwa
Mbonyumutwa Dominique, ni we Perezida wayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa rya Repubulika ryabaye mbere y’uko rubona ubwigenge, nyuma kandi y’irangira ry’ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda. Mbonyumutwa yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda gusa, kuva tariki 28 Mutarama kugeza tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961. Kuva ku butegetsi kwe, byatewe n’uko atabashije gutsinda amatora. Uyu Dominique Mbonyumutwa yari yaravutse mu 1921, nyuma yaje gutabaruka tariki 26 Nyakanga 1986 aguye mu Bubiligi, ashyingurwa mu cyahoze ari Gitarama ahari hubatse sitade yari yaramwitiriwe.
2. Kayibanda Gregoire
Kayibanda Grégoire, niwe wabaye Perezida wa kabiri w’u Rwanda rwagize, akaba ari nawe wa mbere waruyoboye kuva rwabona ubwigenge ndetse ninawe wa mbere wabaye Perezida habayeho amatora. Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 atsinze amatora ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu 1965 ubwo yongeraga kwiyamamaza ari we mukandida rukumbi ndetse anongera kwiyamamaza ari wenyine mu 1969, aho hose atsinda amatora.
Yayoboye imyaka 12 kugeza ku itariki 4 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvénal Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo icyo gihe. Yahise afungwa hamwe n’umugore we, maze baza gupfira mu nzu bari bafungiwemo i Kavumu hafi ya Kabgayi ku itariki 15 Ukuboza 1976.Bivugwa ko Habyarimana yabicishije inzara kugeza bashizemo umwuka. Kayibanda Grégoire yapfuye afite imyaka 52 kuko yari yaravutse tariki 01 Gicurasi 1924.
3.Juvenal Habyarimana
Yavutse ku itariki 8 Werurwe 1937, ayobora u Rwanda imyaka myinshi kurusha abandi bose bayoboye u Rwanda kugeza ubu, kuko yayoboye imyaka 21. yagiye ku butegetsi ku itariki 5 Nyakanga 1973 ahiritse ku butegetsi Gregoire Kayibanda bari inshuti magara.
Akigera ku butegetsi yashyizeho politiki y’ishyaka rimwe, ubutegetsi bwe burangwa no gusumbanisha no kuvangura abaturage hagendewe ku moko cyangwa aho bavuka. Ubutegetsi bwe kandi bushinjwa kuba bwarateguye bukanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 yahitanye inzirakarengane zisaga miliyoni.
Amaze gushinga MRND ryari ryo shyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu gihugu, Juvénal Habyarimana yagiye akoresha icyari nk’ikinamico y’amatora, aho yiyamamazaga wenyine ntawe bahanganye.
Amatora ya mbere yiyamamajemo wenyine ni ayo ku itariki 24 Ukuboza 1978 aho byatangajwe ko yatowe ku majwi 98.99%, ayakurikiyeho yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1983 nabwo bitangazwa ko yatsinze ku majwi 99.97%, naho andi yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1988 byatangajwe ko yayatsinze ku majwi 99.98%.
Yaje gupfa ku itariki 06 Mata 1994 nyuma yo kurasirwa mu ndege ye avuye mu mishyikirano y’amahoro I Arusha yicanwa na Perezida w’u Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira yari ahaye lift bava muri Tanzania.
4. Dr Sindikubwaho Théodore
Dr Sindikubwabo Théodore wavutse mu 1928 niwe wayoboye u Rwanda igihe gito gishoboka cy’amezi atatu. Sindikubwabo wari ukuriye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko icyo gihe, yabaye Perezida kuva itariki 9 Mata 1994, mu cyari cyiswe Leta y’Abatabazi nyuma y’iminsi itatu Perezida Habyarimana yishwe. Yayoboye mu gihe cya jenoside kandi azwiho kuba yaragiye ashishikariza Abahutu kwica Abatutsi ndetse agashimira cyane ababaga bakora ubwicanyi cyane.
Yavuye ku butegetsi nyuma y’amezi atatu gusa, ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zimaze kubohoza igihugu. Ingoma ye yarangiye ku itariki 19 Nyakanga 1994, ubwo yahungiraga mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaïre, ari naho yapfiriye mu 1998 ku myaka 70 y’amavuko.
5. Bizimungu Pasteur
Bizimungu Pasteur niwe wayoboye u Rwanda nyuma yo kubohozwa na FPR guhera ku itariki 19 Nyakanga 1994.
Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe gikabakaba imyaka 6, kugeza ubwo yatangazaga ko yeguye ku bushake tariki 23 Werurwe 2000.
Akimara kwegura, mu 2001 afatanyije n’abandi bantu batandatu barimo Charles Ntakirutinka wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingufu, Imirimo ya Leta, no gutwara abantu n’Ibintu, bashinze ishyaka bise PDR-Ubuyanja (Parti Démocratique du Renouveau/ Democratic Party for Renewal Ubuyanja) mu gihe uyu Pasteur Bizimungu yahoze mu ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi ubwo yari Perezida.
Muri Mata 2002, ni bwo batawe muri yombi bazira ibyaha byo gukwirakwiza ibihuha mu baturage hagamijwe kubangisha ubuyobozi n’amategeko y’igihugu. Bashinjwaga kandi gukora inama rwihishwa ngo zari zigambiriye kubangamira umudendezo w’igihugu no guteza amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda.
Bagejejwe imbere y’ubutabera, maze Pasteur Bizimungu akatirwa imyaka 15 y’igifungo ariko aza guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame kuwa 6 Mata 2007; mu gihe Charles Ntakirutinka we yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka icumi, akaza kurangiza igihano kuwa 01 Werurwe 2012.
6. Paul Kagame
Nyuma yo kwegura kwa Bizimungu, Paul Kagame wari visi Perezida niwe wahise amusimbura ayobora inzibacyuho guhera ku itariki 22 Mata 2000.
Mu 2003, Perezida Paul Kagame yatowe n’abaturage ku bw’iganze rw’amajwi kugira ngo ayobore igihugu muri manda y’imyaka irindwi. Muri iyo myaka irindwi, igihugu cyateye imbere mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo urw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza y’abaturage, cyubaka n’urwego rwa politiki ku buryo butangaje, gikomeza kurinda amahoro n’umutekano byari bigezweho n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.
Mu 2010, Perezida Kagame yongeye gutorerwa manda ya kabiri kugira ngo akomeze ateze imbere igihugu ndetse azamure imibereho y’Abanyarwanda bose. Yongeye gutorerwa manda ya gatatu mu 2017 nyuma yo kuvugurura itegeko nshinga hagakurwamo ingingo y’umubare wa manda umukuru ‘igihugu atagomba kurenza, nyuma y’amatora ya referandumu yabaye mu 2015, akaba afite uburenganzira bwo kuzongera kwiyamamaza nyuma yo gusoza iyi manda mu 2024.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994
Ntushobora kuvuga amateka y’u Rwanda ngo wibagirwe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 yatangiye ku itariki 07 Mata, nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, igahagarikwa muri Nyakanga 1994 n’ingabo za FPR, nyuma y’uko abantu basaga miliyoni bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi n’Abahutu bamwe batari bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bari bamaze kwicwa.
Guhera mu mwaka wa 1959, Abatutsi barahizwe, icyo gihe ibihumbi by’amagana biricwa na miliyoni zirenga ebyiri zigirwa impunzi. Repubulika ya mbere, yari iyobowe na Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda, n’iya kabiri na Juvenal Habyarimana zagiye zibiba amacakubiri yo kwangisha Abatutsi bituma benshi muri bo bicwa.
Ishyaka riharanira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda (RANU) ryatangijwe mu 1979 n’Abanyarwanda bari mu buhingiro, kugira ngo barwanye iyo politiki yari ishingiye ku macakubiri n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, ubwicanyi bwa hato na hato, kwima abaturage uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo no kuba nta rubuga rwa politiki iganira ku mahoro rwabagaho. Mu 1987, ishyaka rya RANU ryaje guhinduka Umuryango RPF-Inkotanyi.
Ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Umuryango RPF watangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, mu bitero byarangiranye no guhirika ubutegetsi bw’igitugu mu 1994 no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni imwe-Abatutsi n’Abahutu bari bitandukanyije n’umugambi wa jenoside.
RPA (ishami rya gisirikare ry’Umuryango RPF) rimaze gufata Kigali, ku itariki 4 Nyakanga, Umuryango RPF wahise ushyiraho Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yari iyobowe na Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu, ihuriza hamwe amashyaka yose ya politiki atarakoze jenoside, nyuma yaho aza gusimburwa na Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida na Minisitiri w’Ingabo amaze gutorwa n’Umuryango RPF kugira ngo ayobore iyo Leta y’ubumwe.
11 Ibitekerezo
hakizimana abuba Kuwa 27/11/20
Amateka nimeza kuyamenya tugomba kwirinda kuburyo ibyabaye bitazongera kubaho ukunda.
Difuza umukunzi mwiza urarwa nu mucomwiza apana Babandi bakundaguca abagabobabo inyumaa?
Uwifuzakusanga wahampangata kurinimero zikurikira:0787781634
Subiza ⇾Daniel Kuwa 08/12/20
Thank you
Subiza ⇾Kumenya amateka yiwacu i Rwanda nibyiz
Kuwa 27/03/22
Kumenya amateka biradufasha cyane cyane nange wiga
Subiza ⇾francine iradukunda Kuwa 05/02/22
murakoze kutwibutsa amateka yaranze igihugu cyacu
Subiza ⇾Uwimana Angelique Kuwa 05/02/22
Amateka y’ u Rwanda agaragaza ko u Rwanda rwayobowe n’abami 26 n’abaperezida 6 guhera mumwakw w’1000.
Subiza ⇾Alex Kuwa 20/06/22
Sorry Nabami 28.
Subiza ⇾Mukambabazi jeannette Kuwa 05/02/22
mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu amateka yarangaga u rwanda yari meza nkuko byari bisanzwe bafashanyaga muri byose, noneho nyuma haje umwaduko w’abazungu bahumanya igihugu abantu barangana karahava ariko kugezubu byaje gukemuka tubayeho nkurwanda rwo hambere
Subiza ⇾bertinetuyishimire Kuwa 05/02/22
umwami yarafite agamufashaga ;umutware w’ubutaka,uw’umukenke,uw’ingabo
Subiza ⇾Mutoni violette Kuwa 10/03/22
ndi umunyeshuri niga mumwaka wagatanu wamashuri yisumbuye mwishami ryimibare nubukungu nikorana buhanga . Nibyiza ko tumenya amateka yaranze igihugu cyatubyaye kandi tukamenya uko igihugu cyacu mbere uko cyarikibayeho kugeza ubungubu kuko biradufasha cyane murakoze .
Subiza ⇾Picker Kuwa 19/09/22
Murakoze cyane kumenya amateka y’u Rwanda rwacu rwo hambere ni byiza kandi mukomerezaho bizajya bidufasha gusobanukirwa
Subiza ⇾Ishimwe Didas Kuwa 19/10/22
Ni byiza kumenya mateka yaranze u Rwanda cyane cyane urubyiruko, kugira ngo amateka mabi yaranze igihugu cyacu ntazongere ukundi.
Subiza ⇾Athanase Kuwa 04/11/22
Hari abagaragaza ko kuva kuri GIHANGA Ngomijana, u Rwanda rwagize abami 32: Abami b’Umushumi 11 n’Abami b’Ibitekerrezo 21
Subiza ⇾Tanga igitekerezo