Mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira buri mwaka, ikigo kitiriwe Umunyasuwedi Alfred Nobel cyo muri Suede, gitanga ibihembo ku bantu kaboze ibikorwa bikagirira ikiremwamuntu akamaro mu Buvuzi (Medecine et Physiologie), Ubutabire (Chimie), Ubugennge (Physique), Ubukungu (Economie), Ubuvangazo (Litterature) n’Amahoro. Abahawe iki gihembo uyu mwaka wa 2020, harimo abagore 4, nta Munyafurika urimo.
Dore urutonde rw’abahembwe uyu mwaka n’ibyo bakoze:
1. Igihembo mu buvuzi n’imikorere y’umubiri (Medecine et Physiologie)
Cyahawe Abanyamerika 2: Harvey Alter na Charles Rice n’Umuwongereza umwe, Michael Houghton
Aba basazsa bavumbuye agakoko gatera umwijima (Hepatite C)berekana n’ukuntu kororoka. Ibi byatumye bwatumye hamenyekana uko gateye, bityo haboneka umuti uvura iyo ndwara igakira. Nk’uko OMS ibivuga, ku Isi hari abafite akak ggakoko basaga miliyoni 71. Abahitanwa nako basaga ibihumbi 400’000 buri mwaka.
2. Igihembo cya Physique (Ubugenge)
Abongereza Roger Penrose na Reinhard Genzel n’Umunyamerikakazi Andrea Ghez
Aba banyabwenge bakoze ubushaskashatsi ku mikorere ya za“Trous Noirs” (ni uduce tw’ahantu ku Isi ikintu kigera kikaburirwa irengero kuko aho hantu hatuma kigira umuvuduko usumba uw’urumuri -300,000 Km/S bigatuma kihuta cyane ku buryo kitagararira ijisho kigana muri ibyo byobo). Utu duce dukunze kuvugwa mu Nyanja ya “Pacifique” aho indege n’amato bijya biburirwa irengero.
3. Igihembo cy’Ubutabire (Chimie)
Cyahawe Umunyamerikakazi Jennifer Doudna n’Umufaransakazi Emmanuelle Charpentier
Ababa bagore bakoze ubushakashatsi ku turemangingo tw’irangamimerere y’abantu (genes). Buzafasha kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zari zarananiranye cyane cyane izishamikiye ku ruhererekane rw’imiryango (hereditaires). Gusa hari abahanga babukemanga kuko igihe bukorewe ku mwana w’uruhinja bishobora guhindura irangamimerere rye, bigasa nko kurema undi muntu mushya.
4. Igihembo ku Buvanganzo (Littérature)
Iki gihembo cyahawe umusizi w’Umunyamerikakazi Louise Glück
Louise Glück yanditse ibitabo byinshi birimo ibisigo bivuga ku buzimo bw’abana n’umuryango kuva 2006. Harimo icyo yise “First born” (Uburiza).
5. Igihembo cy’Amahoro (Prix Nobel de la Paix)
Iki gihembo cyahawe Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumye rishinzwe ibiribwa (PAM)
Iri shami ryashimiwe ibikorwa byaryo mu kugaburira abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 690 (hafi 1/10 cy’abatuye Isi) bugarijwe n’amapfa n’inzara mu bihugu bya Yémeni, Koreya y’Amajyaruguru, Sudani yepfo , Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Mali n’ahandi.
6. Igihembo mu by’Ubukungu (Economie):
Iki gihembo cyabonye Abanyamerika Paul Milgrom na Robert Wilson
Aba bagabo bakoze Ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye na za Cyamunara berekana uko zakorwa mu nyungu za Leta n’Abacuruzi.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 1901, igihembo Nobel cyajyaho, Umufaransakazi, Marie Curie, niwe mugore wa mbere wabonye Prix Nobel akaba nawe wenyine mu mateka wakibonye inshuro ebyiri mu Bugenge (Physique) muri 1903 no mu Butabire (Chimie) mu 1911). Marie Curie kandi yanafashije umukobwa we, Irene Joliot Curie, kubona nawe Prix Nobel mu Butabire mu w’i 1935.
Abantu ku giti cyabo bakibonye ni 907. Naho imiryango cyangwa amashyirahamwe ni 28. Abagore ni 42 gusa. Buri mwaka, abahembwe bose bagabana akayabo ka 850,000 Euros (50,000,000 RWF) atangwa na Banki y’Igihugu ya Suede.
