Amateka y’ubukoloni muri Afurika ahanini atangirira mu nama yiswe iya Berlin, yabaye hagati y’1884 n’1885 itumijwe n’uwari Shanseriyeli w’u Budage, Otton Von Bismark. Zimwe mu ngingo nyamukuru iyi nama yibanzeho harimo kugabana umugabane wirabura wari uzwiho kugira ubukungu bwinshi munsi y’ubutaka.
Hagendewe kuko ibihugu byarushanwaga ijambo, hagabanwe ibihugu by’Afurika, imbibi zari zisanzwe zitandukanya ibihugu zirahinduka, ndetse n’abatware ku giti cyabo bahabwa ibikingi muri Afurika. Urugero rw’umwami w’u Bubiligi Leopord II yahawe bitatu bya kane by’Afurika, ari yo Kongo yaje kwitwa Kongo Mbiligi (Congo-Belge).
Icyo gihe u Rwanda n’u Burundi byahawe igihugu cy’u Budage, maze nacyo gihita kihahindura igihugu kimwe cyiswe Rwanda-Urundi.
Amateka y’u Rwanda n’ubukoloni agaragazwa n’ibimenyetso bikomeye byaranze Abanyarwanda, harimo nko kuba Abanyarwanda bari bunze ubumwe ku buryo budasanzwe, gukunda igihugu no kukirwanira, no kubaha umwami w’u Rwanda nk’ipfundo ry’ubumwe bwabo.
Mu bitabo bitandukanye bivuga ku Rwanda mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, akenshi hagarukwa ku buryo abakoloni bakoresheje mu kumenera muri ubwo budatsimburwa bw’Abanyarwanda. Bimwe muri byo twavuga nk’ibyiswe amoko byatumye Abanyarwanda bo ubwabo batangira kwitandukanya .
Ubukoloni bw’Abadage mu Rwanda
Kimwe n’ahandi hose ubukoloni bwabaye ku Isi, kugira ngo bugere ku ntego zabwo hifashishwaga inyigisho z’abihaye Imana (Missionaries) zirimo nko kumvisha Abasangwabutaka ko ubukungu bw’Isi ntacyo bumaze no kubereka ko ingororano zabo ziri mu ijuru.
Mu gitabo The Scramble for Africa: White Man’s Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 cyanditswe na Thomas Pakenham hagaragaramo zimwe mu mpano zahabwaga abami ba Afurika kuri ubu zagereranwa n’uduhendabana , nk’indorerwamo, imyambaro n’ibisokozo.
Kuva mu 1884, uwitwa Otto Von Gotsen, Umudage wa mbere agera mu Rwanda ku ngoma y’umwami Yuhi Musinga kugeza mu 1919, u Rwanda rwatangiye guhura n’ibibazo bitandukanye ahanini byiganjemo gucengezwamo ubukirisitu nk’iturufu ikomeye yo kwigarurira uwo ugamije gukoloniza.
Muri iki gihe kandi ni bwo abahinza bo mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda batangiye kugomera umwami n’abazungu ku isonga twavuga nka Basebya ba Nyirantwari na Rukara rwa Bishingwe. Yuhi Musinga yagerageje kumvisha abazungu ko Abanyarwanda bose bakomoka kuri sekuruza wabo Gihanga, abazungu babifata nko kwigomeka, bamuhirika ku butegetsi bimika umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa, naho Musinga bamucira i Cyangugu aho yavanwe ajyanwa i Moba muri Kongo, ari naho yatangiye kuya tariki ya 13 Mutarama 1944.
Uku kwigomeka kwateye benshi gutekereza ku bibakorerwa, n’ubwo bitabujije Rukara wari umaze kwivugana umuzungu kwicwa. Nyuma y’intambara ya 2 y’Isi, u Budage n’ibihugu byari biri ku ruhande rumwe muri iyi ntambara bitsinzwe, u Rwanda rwahawe u Bubiligi bwo bwaje mu isura nshya yiswe Batanye-Ubategeke (Divide and Rule).
Aha ni ho hajemo inyigisho zibwira Abanyarwanda ko badahuje inkomoko, ubuhanga n’ubutunzi. Mutara III Rudahigwa yimye ingoma arabatizwa yitwa Charles Leon Pierre. Mu nzira yo kwemeza abazungu ko yemeye ibyabo byose, yahisemo gutura u Rwanda Kiristu Umwami. Nyuma gato ariko yaje kugenda asaba ko bimwe bu bikorwa byitwaga akazi n’uburetwa byakandimizaga Abanyarwanda byavanwaho.
Ni na ko byaje kugenda, Ababiligi bakomeje kwigisha abanyarwanda inzangano no kubavangura kugeza aho mu mwaka 1950-1962 mu cyiswe ‘Impirita za politiki’ (Political Revolts) amenshi mu mashyaka yari ashingiye ku moko yari yarashyizweho n’abakoloni, muri yo twavuga nka PARMEHUTU, CDR n’andi menshi yari arajwe ishinga no gukurura ubutegetsi bushya bwari bugiye kuza mu bo bavugaga ko bahuje ubwoko. Nyuma y’aho Mutara III Rudahigwa atangiye urugendo i Bujumbura mu Burundi ku wa 21 Nyakanga 1959, yarapfuye azize urupfu rutavugwaho rumwe.
Muri iki gihe muri Afurika yose hakorwaga amatora asaba ubwingenge bwari bumaze igihe busabwa n’impirimbanyi z’Abanyafurika nka Julius Nyerere (Tanzaniya), Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya), NKwame KHRUMAH (Ghana) n’abandi benshi . Nyuma ya kamarampaka, Abanyarwanda batoye ku bwiganze bw’amajwi ko u Rwanda rugomba kuba igihugu cyigenga, byemezwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. Kugeza ubu u Rwanda rurakataje mu rugendo rwo kwigenga kwa nyako haba mu bukungu, ubutabera imibereho myiza na Demokarasi.
